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Gray Wolves, 2006.
An introduction to the grey wolf, its history, habitat and its relationship with humans.
1,945 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the grey wolf, an animal that is specific to North America. In particular, the paper researches the gray wolf, discusses the natural history of the animal, its living habits, and range, as well as the ongoing controversy over relocating wolves in the American West.
Table of Contents
Abstract
The History of the Wolf
Wolves in Folklore and Myth
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Most packs live in secluded dens or caves that keep them safe from man, other predators, and the weather. If a cave is not available, wolves will dig a hole in the ground or under a rock, or even take over the lodges of other animals, such as beavers (Smith & Phillips, 2000, p. 220). Packs usually range anywhere between 50 and 100 miles each day as they hunt for prey, but in areas where food is scarce, and studies show they can travel up to 500 miles a day in search of food. Common prey "include deer, moose, elk, pronghorn, bison, mountain goats, and mountain sheep" (Donnelly, 1999, p. 180). Scientists and ranchers know they can also prey on sheep, lambs, calves, and other domesticated livestock, which is another reason ranchers and many others distrust them and even hate them in the American West. Ranchers see them as a threat to their livestock, and they fought hard to keep the government from reinstating wolves into Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming in 1995."
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"Garbage as Art", 2005.
This paper discusses the use of "garbage as art" to raise environmental awareness.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that using "garbage as art" reminds the viewer that the environment is often a harsh and an ugly place and the rewards cannot always be immediately appreciated. The author points out that "garbage as art" is a tangible, immediate way to suggest to individuals the possibilities of renewal in the environment, a way to recycle the environment and a way for human beings to personally express their ideas about their connections to the natural environment. The paper concludes that, rather than a series of seismic breaks of casting off and then beginning again, by acknowledging garbage's possibilities as art, Western society can see that we must use the past again in the future.
From the Paper
"Scanlan's poetic musings in "On Garbage" also stress the humbling nature of garbage. All societies are reduced to relics after the death of the civilization. These waste products, such as broken and chipped pots, are now deployed as costly museum attractions. If we are not to bury ourselves in a world with rapidly dwindling space and resources, Scanlan argues, we must grapple with Western culture's mania for discarding things as a way of moving forward. Western culture has denied the natural lifecycle of rebirth, and clung to a false ideal of something beginning from nothing."
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Rainforests, 2006.
An analysis of environmental challenges in Central and South America.
2,050 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
For several decades, many Americans have been aware that the rainforests of Central and South America are shrinking as well as the fact that the lost of significant amounts of rainforest could well have a negative effect on the entire world as well as the immediate areas in and near the former forests. This paper examines how the environmental issue of rainforest loss, with its accompanying soil erosion, contamination of the water table and loss of biodiversity, is caused by many factors that interplay with each other.
Outline
Introduction
Deforestation
Cultural Contributions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Consideration of humankind's impact on the rainforests should begin with the people who have the longest histories there. The indigenous peoples of these rainforest lived for millennia without doing unrecoverable ecological damage (Barnham & Coomes, 1997), even though "slash and burn" farming was a traditional way of life. In "slash and burn" agriculture, the people simply cut down the wooded area and/or burn the vegetation off so they can use the land for their own agricultural purposes (Morrison, 2001). When these groups of people farmed in this manner, however, they moved on to new areas when the land became depleted. Gradually, the rainforest reclaimed the disused farmland, reducing the impact of this farming approach (Morrison, 2001). "
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Environmentally Friendly Power Options, 2005.
This paper discuss environmentally friendly power options that are renewable rather than non-renewable such as oil and coal.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the problems with existing use of fossil fuels like coal and oil are (1) eventually they will be depleted and (2) fossil fuels are dirty thus causing acid rain, global warming and poor air quality. The author points out that environmentally friendly, renewable power solutions include wind, solar, geothermal, wave and tidal energy, hydrogen fuel cells and modern biomass developments. However, these are still in limited use, thus the world remains depends on fossil fuels. The paper relates that another problem is the power of the big oil companies, who stand to lose a lot of money if alternative power really does catch-on; instead, they should be using their resources to develop these alternative power sources thus making the planet healthier, too.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Problem
Solutions
Summary
From the Paper
"None of these solutions are being used enough to remedy the problem, and there are many reasons why they are not being more heavily used. Many of the long-term projects are very expensive to build and operate, and so utilities are hesitant to invest in them. Around the world, many countries are investing in alternative power, such as wind power. Another writer notes, "India, China, and a dozen European nations have installed thousands of wind turbines that generate electricity at a cost comparable to new coal-fired power plants." Here in the U.S. wind power has caught on in some areas, but the vast areas needed to create these "wind farms" is limited, and many people here find them unsightly, so they are not as popular as they are in other parts of the world. They have to be in an area that gets a lot of wind, too, which limits where they can be installed and used."
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Organic Food, 2006.
An extensive review of literature on the topic of organic food.
2,893 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 38 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper offers an extensive review of literature focusing on the organic food market in the United Kingdom. It gives a general definition of organic food with regards to harvesting, pesticide and animal welfare. It discusses the reasons for the marked increase of consumer interest in organic food. It also discusses the viability of organic food feeding the masses. The author offers a brief summary of the literature reviewed.
Literature Review
Quality in organic food products
Are organic food products more nutritious than conventional products?
Organic food products and pesticide use
Organic food and food poisonings
Can organic food feed the world?
Chemical pesticides versus natural pesticides
Impact of organic farming in the environment
organic farming versus organic products(process versus product
Organic food and food miles
Organic farming and animal welfare
Organic farming and the community
Are organic food products free of GMOs?
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Organic farming is the most vital part of the organic industry. They are particularly important in the United Kingdom because of the demand for organic products. Organic farming is a unique trade because farmers utilize natural means to produce crops and they have to adhere to very strict regulations. The soil Association explains that under current regulations, land has to be managed organically for at least two years before it can qualify for organic certification (Key elements of organic farming 2005). In addition, a conversion plan including comprehensive cropping plans, rotations and budgets is a vital part of successful integration into organic farming and is a requirement for certification (Key elements of organic farming 2005)."
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Tourism and Calamity, 2006.
Examines the effect of natural disasters and catastrophes on the global tourism industry.
5,410 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 161.95
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Abstract
The tourist industry is extremely volatile and vulnerable to extreme losses, particularly when natural disasters and other calamities strike a popular tourist destination. This paper discusses natural disasters and the concept of calamity, and focuses on their impact on the tourism industry, particularly the hospitality industry. Using case studies, this paper clearly shows the impact of these disasters on economies relying on tourism as a mainstay of their financial foundation. Additionally, this paper discusses strategies employed by some of the hardest hit areas in an effort to re-establish their tourism and hospitality base.
From the Paper
"With the waterfront destroyed, and with the vast amount of debris, even those whose fishing boats were not completely destroyed are unable to provide the fish for tourists throughout the rest of Thailand. Further problems in this area of tourism stem from the problems or concerns associated with the diets of the fish caught near Thailand. As the tsunami swept bodies into the ocean, it is likely that at least some fed on those bodies, creating a high possibility for vast epidemics of disease if eaten (Bindloss, 2005). Since a large attraction for tourists to Thailand was the cultural dining and atmosphere, such a devastating consequence will deter still more tourists from visiting this area."
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Recycling of Electric and Electronic Waste, 2006.
A study of reasons for and methods of recycling electronic and electrical waste.
3,580 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 29 sources, MLA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems of electronic and electrical waste and outlines methods of improving recycling programs. The author explains how recycling programs can help the environment. This paper discusses current European Union resolutions for waste reduction, especially of waste products that cannot be processed in the same manner as standard household garbage. The paper contends that with over 4 kilograms of electronic waste per person annually, the UK needs to push for recycling programs immediately, and describes the programs which currently exist.
From the Paper
"In the process of discussing the waste from electronic and electric industries in Europe, we will first have to look at the basic structures as have been provided. The first of these is for the governments to fix take back requirements for the industries as also the take back specifications for them. Then they have to provide incentives for design of these items in a more efficient way for the environmental purposes. So far as the consumers are concerned they should be able to return their equipment free of charge for further disposal by the manufacturer. The first directive in this regard was issued dated 27 January 2003 and was to be implemented on 13 February 2003. The regulations for the acts by different governments were to be made during 2005. (EU Directive on Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE))"
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Safety Management, 2006.
An overview of some of the federal legislation and regulations concerning environmental protection.
1,388 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
In the United States, most federal legislation and regulations concerning environmental protection, including occupational safety laws, falls under the rubric of the taxpayer-funded Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This paper examines some of the more significant and well-known of the federal environmental protection laws which include the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act.
From the Paper
"The Clean Air Act (CAA) sets emissions standards for multiple sources, from automobiles to factories. In order for the CAA to be effective, the EPA must continually establish and reestablish benchmark standards for air quality and for the content of emissions. Such standards are set forth by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The CAA essentially authorizes the EPA to set the NAAQS. The CAA is an attempt to reduce the levels of toxic chemicals in the air, as well as reducing the possibility for acid rain and other related problems. The CAA has major impacts on large and small organizations. On the one hand, the CAA restricts which chemicals and which chemical processes organizations can use in manufacturing."
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Pollution in South Asia, 2005.
An in-depth study on pollution in South Asia.
4,766 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper offers an overview of the general state of disrepair the world is in due to pollution. It discusses many kinds of pollution, namely, water, marine, noise and ozone depletion. The paper focuses on the problems of air pollution and deforestation in South Asia. The author gives many graphs and schematic representations in order to qualify points highlighted. This paper also gives solutions for the fore-mentioned pollution problems and warns against the effects of late implementation of these solutions.
From the Paper
"The health benefits that would arise if the problem were to be tackled immediately are enormous. Not only would the general health of the population become infinitely better, but also the other ill effects of air pollution, like for example, poor visibility, damage to crops and to other forms of vegetation, and green gas emissions would all be avoided. However, it would not be sufficient if only local forces contributed towards the tackling of air pollution; the involvement of outside agencies is also a must. In this case, the WHO, or the World Health Organization has been actively involved in the issue, and is ready with the proper guidelines and necessary procedures as well as financial resources to handle the problem."
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21st Century Energy Demands, 2006.
Examines globalization and the demands for energy in the 21st century.
5,100 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 155.95
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Abstract
According to recent reports, supplying enough energy on a reliable basis at prices that will not cripple the global economic growth has become a challenge with consequences that are difficult to predict. The paper shows that, although this will provide new opportunities for oil and gas companies, pipelines, generators, utilities and others in the energy business, it also carries serious risks. The paper shows that the demand for energy is growing, not only in the developed economies of Europe, Japan and North American, but in developing countries as well. In fact, the fastest demand growth is in China and other emerging markets, thus from one side of the globe to the other, societies are needing and demanding more fuel. The paper examines how the world is able to deal with increased energy demands in the 21st century.
From the Paper
"There is no avoiding the fact that the success of globalization is underscored by dramatic increases in consumption, and with increased consumption comes environmental degradation (Marber pp). Current and projected damage to the environment can impede economic progress, and climatic changes attributed to greenhouse gas emissions and pressure on natural resources have become serious problems (Marber pp). Resource scarcity is an issue the world will have to confront as two to three billion more people consume like middle class Americans over the next fifty years (Marber pp)."
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Installing Cellular/Radio Towers, 2006.
A budget proposal on the cost of installing cellular/radio towers in parts of western Massachusetts.
2,123 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
This study attempts to identify the feasibility of and the costs associated with the installation of cellular communications towers in western Massachusetts that would provide adequate cellular radio coverage for the subject communities of Ware, Pelham and Shutesbury. Also investigated in the paper are funding sources, the impact on the environment and surrounding populations and the studies and permits that must be obtained before construction can commence.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Budgetary Considerations
Environmental Impact Requirements
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The use of cellular communications devices in the United States has become virtually ubiquitous and Americans have embraced this technology in a major way; an unfortunate concomitant of this explosive growth in cellular communications, though, has been the need for frequently unsightly communications towers that can be as tall as 250 feet. While many companies have sought environmentally friendly alternatives by disguising these structures, the need for them remains solidly in place. There were more than 57,000 radio transmission sites throughout the country, with an estimated 110,000 antennae already in place by the end of 2002 (Tuesley 887). This proliferation of communications towers is a fundamental function of the explosive demand for wireless service and new technologies. For instance, in his essay, "Cellular tower proliferation in the United States," Thomas A. Wikle (2002) reports that cellular telephone towers have been placed in a growing number of cities, suburbs, and towns of America. This author estimates that more than 128,000 cellular antennae would be installed across the United States by the end of 2005 (Wikle 44). Clearly, cellular companies (also known as cell or wireless service providers) are under an increasing amount of pressure to extend their networks' geographical boundaries. Forecasts in the late 1990s suggested that 100,000 cellular telephone towers would be in place by 2010; in fact, though, by the end of 2001 that total had already been exceeded (Wikle 44)."
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Largemouth Bass, 2006.
This paper focuses on the largemouth bass fish which are primarily indigenous to slow moving bodies of water found in prairies, wetlands and woodland areas in the United States and Australia.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the various studies done regarding the behavior of the largemouth bass which is currently one of the most popular sporting fish in the U.S. This paper delves into the specific areas that various types of sunfish including largemouth bass and sungill tend to gather, such as slow moving streams or rivers which collect a lot of heat. Studies show that these particular fish prefer the water temperature to be between 77 degrees to 86 degrees Fahrenheit whereas the fishermen prefer the temperature to be lower as it encourages the fish to bite more often than not. The writer presents a clear and concise description of the largemouth bass, detailing its various color patterns as well as its large jaw. This paper discusses the breeding habits of this particular fish which displays a prominent territorial stance during the spawning season. This paper also examines the hunting instincts of the largemouth bass which has been known to hide behind rocks and plants awaiting the opportunity to catch a frog or small fish.
From the Paper
"In the northern parts of the continent, the fish weighs less and is rarely more than 10 pounds, but in the south, there have been sightings of fish weighing more than 20 pounds. The highest record for a catch all over the country is 22 pounds 4 ounces and that was caught in Georgia. Every state has its own record and for example, the record for Florida is a little over 17 pounds. Compared to this fish, there is also a liking for black bass among all freshwater fish. These fish live in a wide area and when they strike, they strike hard and also show great strength during the process of being caught. The fishes are very active and their food includes many things found in water and they will attack all types of bait or lure. The sexual maturity of these fish also comes quite early and at an age of a little over 2 years. The descriptions of the fish in terms of body colors have already been given."
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Water Resource Management, 2005.
This paper discusses extensively the utilization of environmental information for water resource management of the Emirate of Abu-Dhabi.
11,805 words (approx. 47.2 pages), 36 sources, MLA, AU$ 277.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, to understand the importance of water resource management, environmentalists must understand the importance of the geography and political structure of Abu Dhabi, one of seven Emirates in the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), which is a feudal society with absolute power in the hands of the Sheikh and his ministers, located on the Arabian Peninsula. The author points out that the region has a fragile ecosystem, which already shows the effects from oil exploration, transportation and processing. The paper stresses that water is a precious commodity in the desert and every country in the region is actively investigating the options to make the best and most effective use of this commodity. Many charts, diagrams and illustrations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Conventional and Unconventional Water Sources
Importance of Water Resource Management
From the Paper
"Environmental protection groups and governments are constantly engaged in a struggle to critically identify the measures that can be taken to protect and save the environment. The need to develop a consistent tool that can be used universally by all countries is increasingly being stressed upon. One such tool is the Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI). A product of the World Economic Forum, the ESI has been created to measure countries based on a wide-ranging and comprehensive set of factors that are designed to 'rank' to country. In reality, many of the issues and the concerns that are displayed in the ESI relate more to the concerns of the Western's more developed nations and many of the developing countries around the world feel pressurized to maintain standards that are not ideal for their situation."
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The Brownfield Sites, 2005.
This paper discusses Brownfield sites in the U.K., a program for the reuse of property and for minimizing environmental damage.
3,170 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a Brownfield site is any land or premises which has been used previously as a building site and is not currently fully in use and can be used again as part of an environmental policy plan. The author points out that such land may be derelict land, which requires the removal of chemical waste, derelict infrastructure or instability problems, before the land can be redeveloped. The paper relates that the Brownfield system has been successful because it has opened the way for most investors while still maintaining sufficient control to force a cleanup and to assure that housing is placed where housing is needed and business property where business property is needed, according to some centralized plan rather than on an ad hoc basis as was more common in the past.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Availability
National Land Use Data Base Statistics: Context
Characteristics of Brownfield Sites
Stoke-on-Trent
Agency
Economic Issues
Social Policy
Physical Development
Leveraging Partners
From the Paper
"One of the areas that have been redeveloped in this fashion is at Stoke-on-Trent, and analysts have examined this site and reported on the brownfield process. R.M. Ball writes specifically about recent policy pronouncements on the UK built environment so as to reinforce the importance of infrastructure, sustainable use, and brownfield
development, and he focuses directly on the issue of vacant industrial premises, or brown buildings, in the local industrial property market. Ball argues that property development is both an economic and a social process, and in both areas, Ball sees the process as an interaction between "actors" in the development process in relation to structural forces that both constrain and facilitate actors as they seek to express and realize their interests."
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Industrial Hygiene Field Safety, 2006.
This paper examines the industrial hygiene field which concerns itself with any and every potential health or safety hazard within the workplace and other vulnerable environments.
1,088 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper details the numerous areas relevant to the industrial hygiene field including educating health care workers on the potential hazards from needles pricks, radiation, contagious and infectious diseases. The writer contends and explains why this particular field encompasses not only the health and safety needs of employees in the workplace but also their families and communities as well. This paper delves into industrial hygiene as a potential career option. This paper discusses the training involved in this field which includes prevention awareness as well as tactics used to counteract pre-existing or unavoidable hazards. This paper also explores how proper industrial hygiene practices can assist companies and organizations avoid costly lawsuits or fines for noncompliance with industry or governmental regulations.
From the Paper
"Industrial hygiene is a comprehensive field encompassing the health and safety needs of workers, their families, and their communities. Industrial hygienists examine workplace environments for potential safety hazards and threats to personal and collective health and well being. For example, an industrial hygienist would take into account solvents or other chemicals used in preparation of finished goods, air quality in the workplace environment, and the quality and efficiency of workplace machinery. Industrial hygiene is a science, a field that performs empirical field studies to determine the nature of potential threats. Professional opinions are rooted in science and scientific data. Although industrial hygiene takes into account existing rules and regulations regarding workplace safety, the field also contributes enormously to the creation and implementation of new safety guidelines."
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Carbon Trading, 2006.
A paper explaining how carbon trading can be used to save the rain forest.
4,045 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 132.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the topic of carbon trading. The writer examines whether corporate carbon trading can effectively save the rainforest. Within that context, the author explores current environmental law and argues that they will lead to a demand on businesses to reduce or offset their CO2 emissions. The writer discusses the difficulty that many businesses will have complying with the law and restrictions. In addition, the environmental damage will increase which will in turn make for stricter laws. The final argument in this paper is that it will be more cost effective to save the rainforest as a CO2 offset than for the rainforest to be taken down for their wood use.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Solutions
Making it a Corporate Issue
From the Paper
"As the world continues to globalize, attention turns to the planet's rainforests and their future. Ecological groups have pitted themselves against large corporations for years regarding the forest and its value to the planet. Corporations are busily cutting down trees for commercial purposes while ecological groups are fighting to get it stopped because of the value the forests give the world by way of protection of wildlife. In recent years a new development has made the argument about conservation more valuable than ever. Carbon trading is a growing topic of debate when it comes to rainforest issues worldwide.
Providing the ability to carbon trade between nations and putting the responsibility of carbon trading on businesses world wide will alleviate future ecological issues currently being faced. Carbon trading is a more efficient and long lasting answer when it comes to the future of the rain forest. It has a longer and more deeply rooted value than wood cutting does because carbon trading does not involve the immediate destruction of wildlife and animal life."
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