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Ecology, 2006.
A look at ecology in relation to environmentalism.
919 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the subject of ecology. According to the paper, ecology can be defined as the study of the distribution and abundance of living organisms, and how such distributions are affected by interactions between organisms and their environment. The paper reports that ecology could be said to be the core science that impacts our knowledge of environmentalism.
From the Paper
"One of the fundamental shifts within ecology in the modern era is the inclusion of human ecology within the discipline. While human ecology itself has been included within the study of ecology for well over half a century, it only gained prominence in the late 1970s. Human ecology deals with how humans as organisms affect the environment as well as other organisms. This field is perhaps the most important development to environmental science in the past century precisely because now we have a much deeper understanding of how and why humanity influences the natural environment around us, deeply contributing to our awareness and knowledge of environmental damage and the harmful affects of pollution. Overall, it is evident that ecology has expanded at a tremendous pace because it has increased the scope that the field itself examines. By including human ecology as one of its disciplines, ecology now takes on significance not only as a scientific field but in both economic and political terms as well."
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Overpopulation, 2007.
An analysis of the solutions for the world's food shortages, due to overpopulation.
942 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of overpopulation. Specifically, it discusses overpopulation and how it is affecting the world's food supply. The paper looks at whether the world will be able to develop enough food sources to feed itself. It gives examples of countries that have increased their food supply, such as China and discusses whether this will be possible in other countries.
From the Paper
"One of the countries most affected by overpopulation is China. They implemented a one child only policy for families in the 1970s to help limit population growth, and have faced great famines throughout their history. The last ended as recently as 1961, as author Vaclav Smil notes, "'The world's greatest famine,' this was an overwhelmingly man-made (Mao-made, to be exact) famine, and by the time it ended in 1961 it left behind about 30 million dead" (Smil 72). Today, China has modernized its food production and farming techniques to a point that they can supply adequate amounts of food to all their residents, and export some foods besides (Smil 80). Hunger is not completely obliterated in China, but they are far ahead of many other overpopulated countries in food production and hunger management, and their food production techniques have made this possible. If China can do it, other countries can build up their food supplies as well, but they may need help from the United States when they implement projects."
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Susan McGrath's Article 'Attack of the Alien Invaders', 2006.
This paper evaluates Susan McGrath's ecological article 'Attack of the Alien Invaders', which appeared in the March 2005 edition of "National Geographic".
1,225 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Susan McGrath's article 'Attack of the Alien Invaders' focuses on both positive and negative aspects of alien species invading native ecosystems. The author points out that this well-written article summarizes that the negative impacts appear to far outweigh whatever positive outcomes could be extracted from invading species. The paper stresses that, because of environmental
interconnectivity, McGrath states that significant and global political interaction will be needed to make a significant difference to the problem of invasives.
From the Paper
"Another case of unintentional transport that I found particularly interesting in the article is the movement from port to port of ballast water. Ships take on water for balancing purposes. The water is transported to the destination port and discarded. The cycle is repeated from port to port. The aquatic life in this ballast water is then also transported between the ports. As a solution to this, one of the suggestions mentioned in the article is that ships exchange their ballast water outside of ports. However, I am not sure how such a strategy would mitigate the problem."
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Global Warming, 2007.
An analysis of the consequences of global warming and of large countries not participating in the Kyoto Protocol.
818 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses global warming. It begins by looking at the results of global warming and then discusses some of the consequences of it. It looks at the glacial system, health impacts and UV-B radiation. The paper then discusses the Kyoto Protocol and the countries that have decided not to participate. The paper describes the consequences of large countries not participating in the Kyoto Protocol.
From the Paper
"Although a total of 166 countires have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, the countries that would have the most impact have not participated. The United States, currently the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has refused to sign the agreement because it states that exemptions to developing countries such as China and India are unfair. Instead, the United States is sticking to its "strategy" announced way back in early 2001 to, "reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of the American economy by 18 percent over the 10-year period from 2002 to 2012. Unregulated emissions from exempted countries under the Kyoto Protocol are getting progressively worse. The International Energy Agency has just released a report in late 2006 revealing that China will surpass the United States in 2009, a decade ahead of previous predictions, as the largest emitter of the main gases linked to global warming. In fact, unregulated emissions from China, India and other developing countries are predicted to account for most of the global increase in carbon dioxide emissions over the next 25 years."
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Renewable Energy in the Middle East, 2007.
This paper discusses the potential use of renewable energy technologies in the buildings of Arabian Gulf Countries.
1,582 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that renewable energy is playing a large role in Middle Eastern countries' infrastructure building in the public and corporate realms. The paper discusses how solar and wind energy are at the core of their current interest in renewable energy, as such resources are available in the majority of the region. The paper concludes that the foundation of the Middle East region is as dependent upon the realization of a balanced energy system as is the rest of the world.
From the Paper
"In the literature regarding the Middle East and the utilization of renewable energy there is a great deal of evidence of interest and even application. This is despite the region's critical interest in fossil fuels as a resource for change, as oil has been for the last 20 or so years for some countries and longer for others. (Cordesman 1997) Over 80 percent of the natural oil reserves are found in the Middle East. (Borowitz 1999) It seems that renewable energy, and especially photovoltaic technology and wind energy, partly as outsiders have been a big part of modernization in many Middle Eastern nations as a result of relatively new found wealth, allowing infrastructure building in the public and corporate realms, and the historical fear of the potentially fatal rate of decline of oil reserves in any one region."
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Eco-Fuels, 2006.
A discussion regarding oil and possible alternative sources of energy.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at oil as a finite energy source. The paper discusses the need to find alternate energy resources of both renewable and non renewable natures. The paper reviews the different sources currently available like hydropower, solar energy, thermal energy, nuclear energy, coal.
Outline:
Thesis Statement
Introduction
Background
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Alternatives: The drawbacks in bio diesels made environmentalist concentrate on cheap and easy to make eco fuels. Eco- fuels are touted as the free energy that is not only renewable but is also harmless for the environment as they do not cause any emissions. These eco fuels can generally be made and stored at home meaning that consumer just by incurring some cost on machines and systems can fulfill their energy needs. Today technology can be used to make convert simple products like turds into methane. Some of these technologies require only some efforts on consumers' parts as they are mostly do-it-yourself ventures. There are methods available that make use of hydrogen per oxide to increase the fuel efficiency of the engines of the vehicles. Not only vehicles can be run but using these eco fuels home heating and cooling and power production can also be done. Even alcohol can be used to heat up homes and to cook food. There are organizations and individuals working for the cause and they have developed different easy to implement techniques and methods to use cheap and easily available materials to fulfill different energy needs."
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Chemical Fertilizers and Aquatic Life, 2006.
An analysis of the effects of chemical fertilizers on aquatic life.
1,449 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews, discusses and analyzes the effect that chemical fertilizer has on the aquatic life in the water surrounding the areas that have been treated by such fertilizers. The paper provides an overview of water systems and how they function, followed by a discussion of the different types of chemical fertilizers in use today.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The quality of water systems is determined by the degree to which bodies of water are able to support aquatic life while also meeting standards for the protection of human health and the preservation of human life; this level of contamination is determined by establishing baseline standards to measure the periodic relative quality of each individual water system against these original standards (Henning & Mangun 251). Attempts to either maintain or restore the quality of the water in these systems are developed according to the amounts and kinds of material that are emptied into the waterways; the quality of water in streams, rivers, lakes and oceans therefore depends on the capacity of each of these water systems to clean themselves of the various pollutants. According to Henning and Mangun, this ability depends on the types and amounts of the pollutants as well as with water temperatures, rate of water flow, degree of sedimentation, and mineral content (251). The mineral content of pollutants containing chemical fertilizers already account for the lion's share of the nitrogen being released into the world's water systems, but there are other elements involved in modern chemical fertilizers as well, and these are discussed further below."
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Global Warming, 2007.
This paper explores the controversy over the issue of global warming.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that the issue of global warming is one of the most hotly debated environmental issues in today's society. The paper explains two conflicting opinions about global warming. One opinion holds that global warming is a direct result of human environmental impact. The other maintains that the issue of global warming is one of cyclical and natural changes that have occurred and will continue to occur on a global scale into eternity. The paper provides a literature review and contends that one must look at all information and opinions in order to understand the need to be more environmentally responsible.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
From the Paper
"This writer's interest in the subject lies in the nature of the debate itself, as the global scientific community cannot seem to come to terms with how much global warming will effect civilization and what civilization can or cannot do to alter those effects, either through combating what is causing the situation, or taking precautionary measures to combat the effects of the inevitable. The foundation of the debate lies heavily in each side claiming the other's data as conjecture, through scientific theory and in claiming the other is inherently wrong based on assumptions of the unknown."
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Emergency Response Management, 2007.
Presents current views on disaster management, following the 9/11 terrorist attack and Hurricane Katrina.
1,305 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper considers current trends in emergency response management and mitigation in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and Hurricane Katrina. The author contends that the purpose of mitigation is to take the lessons of immediately past disasters and analyze the actions that occurred in the area of emergency management. The author further highlights several areas that affect competent disaster management. These include effective communication among all parties involved in the emergency response. Salient examples of failures from 9/11 and Katrina are presented. The author also argues that prevention is a necessary element of disaster management.
From the Paper
"One of the paramount concerns that has been proven time and time again is that there is a lack of clear goals for change on the part of local, state and federal officials. The simple fact that these and other entities must work together to solve problems, in a pre-disaster and post disaster circumstance also challenges the cause of the reduction of lost life and property. All of these complex issues in combination with the limited time that agencies and individuals have to respond in an emergency situation can make the situation far worse, creating a situation often contrary to the goal of reducing loss and risk. (Mileti, 2004, pg. 236) To solve this complex issue, communication is key and mitigating the communication plans including back up forms of communication and chain of command plans as essential to changing the ways in which an emergency manager deals with a potential or realized disaster. "
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Marine Pollution, 2006.
An in-depth look at the serious issue of marine pollution.
2,336 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses marine pollution. According to the paper, the ocean plays a critical role in sustaining life on this planet. The paper discusses how economic and social prosperity will be useless if the coastal and marine environments are sacrificed, abused or neglected in the process of development. The paper goes on to discuss the serious environmental issues pertaining to marine pollution facing us today.
From the Paper
"The accidental wreck of a 20-tanker, 987-foot ship of Exxon Valdez in Bligh Reef led to the rupturing of eight of its 11 cargo tanks and the spilling of 10.8 million gallons of crude oil into Prince William Sound in March 1989 (US Congress 1960). Although no lives were lost, the accident was an immense disaster to fisheries, subsistence livelihoods, tourism and wildlife. Most important was the awareness that the sanctity of the Alaskan waters was most outrageously ravaged. In response, US Congress passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which established measures in preparing for and preventing spills for the implementation and enforcement of the US Coast Guard. It requires transporters of oil and production facilities to develop and implement response plans, participate in preparedness drills and maintain safe shipping and handling practices (Earle 1995). MARPOL began to control the operations and passage of new oil tankers, the carrying of noxious liquids in bulk, the control of sewage and other "grey water" and garbage, including plastics, metal, glass, galley wastes and other materials (Earle, US Congress)."
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Business Ethics of Exxon, 2007.
An analysis of how the Exxon company and its unethical corporate conduct in the past has affected the way businesses in general must operate.
5,890 words (approx. 23.6 pages), 20 sources, MLA, AU$ 170.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses certain business decisions made by Exxon and their impact on other businesses. It describes the background to each instance of unethical corporate conduct on the part of Exxon. It discusses the ethical considerations that evolved from these instances and the addition of new regulations that the industry has seen in response to the Exxon incidents.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Business Impact of Exxon and Ethical Considerations
Introduction
Grand Bois, Louisiana Overview
Analysis of the Factors that Led to Grand Bois
Exxon Valdez Analysis
Exxon's Pipeline from Chad to the Atlantic
Industry Specific Impact of Exxon's Ethical Dilemmas
Business Impacts of Exxon's Ethical Dilemmas
Recommendations for Future Research
Discussion
From the Paper
"And lastly, the effects of businesses in general seem to be mostly in agreement by the authors. An increased need for social responsibility has been inflicted on businesses, due to the Exxon incidents. Situational ethics is no longer acceptable to society, and instead, a common morality is mandated. And, although Bowen and Power (1993) did not name the decision to reduce personnel onboard the Valdez as ethically critical decision, they do agree with the other researchers in the need for Exxon, and businesses in general, to consider the ethical implications of their proposed actions prior to thinking profit, and that by focusing on doing 'right' the financial rewards will then follow."
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Affordable Housing, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of affordable housing and the use of exclusionary and inclusionary zoning.
5,150 words (approx. 20.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 155.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the lack of affordable housing in the United States is a severe and growing crisis with no solution in sight. The paper determines the legal bounds of the zoning power given to governments and municipalities and provides an explanation of the law behind exclusionary and inclusionary practices. The paper examines the legal issues raised by these zoning ordinances. The paper also discusses the state of the current law as it applies to affordable housing and concludes with a discussion regarding the social and economic impacts raised by exclusionary and inclusionary zoning.
Outline:
Introduction
History of "Affordable Housing"
Background of Zoning Laws and Zoning Power
Exclusionary Housing
Inclusionary Housing
Legal Issues Raised by Zoning
Economic and Social Implications of Exclusionary and Inclusionary Housing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, the lack of affordable housing in the United States has emerged as a crisis effecting low-income residents, government agencies and municipalities, and real estate developers alike. The lack of available affordable housing has increased in the past few years, as a result of zoning ordinances and governmental zoning powers that are supported and upheld by the courts. While there are no immediate solutions to this problem, a number of legal scholars have examined the relevant cases and have written extensively on the subject."
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The Solution to Global Warming, 2007.
This paper discusses the greenhouse effect, the resulting global warming and the approach necessary to address this problem.
1,224 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the world needs to act to curb the greenhouse effect and the resulting global warming. The paper examines how human activity related to industrialization has upset the natural balance of greenhouse gases that have kept this planet habitable. The paper also discusses how people have tried to address the problem of global warming through technology and legislation and argues that a balanced and global approach must be adopted to bring the greenhouse gases back to their original levels. The paper asserts that people must be willing to make sacrifices, to use less gas and to convert to more renewable energy sources.
From the Paper
"The planet's natural ability to trap heat at necessary has kept if habitable for over four billion years, and maintaining this delicate balance is important for the planet's survival. The thermal blanket of heating gases has kept the earth warm and habitable. If not for these gases, the earth's temperature would plunge to an estimated 59 degrees Fahrenheit, making it uninhabitable for most of the living organisms on earth today (EPA)."
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Emergency Disaster Planning, 2007.
A review of effective emergency disaster planning for families.
3,073 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the need for effective emergency disaster planning, particularly the storing of emergency kits. It details what should be included in the kits and lists books that can be read to help prepare the average family. The paper discusses past emergency situations in the United States and how the country should learn from those experiences. The paper concludes with excerpts from Patty Wipfler's article "Helping Our Children Deal with Shocking Events."
Table of Contents:
In Case of an Emergency
Ponder, Plan and Practice
General Emergency "Kit" Guidelines
Past Lessons
Current Considerations
Moving Forward
Somewhat Prepared?
From the Paper
"Think through specific needs and various scenarios. At work, it is a good idea to store several protein bars and a small backpack with toiletries, critical medication, some water and food. It's also a good ides to keep a small emergency disaster kit in a car," experts recommend."
"At home, along with an emergency kit or kits, determine a course of action for emergency and disaster situations. Know evacuation routes. Identify a place family members can meet if they are separated. Each family member needs to have an emergency contact list that includes names and phone numbers for immediate family members and also relatives who live out-of-town. It is a good idea to have two escape routes. One plan is needed for each person to get out of each room; the other, the best way to out of the house. Experts recommend that after the plan is mapped out, it is practiced on a regular basis. (Ibid.)"
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Satellites and Deforestation, 2007.
This paper explores how satellite imagery has affected deforestation in the Amazon.
2,135 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 80.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that satellite imagery has affected the deforestation of the Amazon by detecting problems such as road building, mining operations, fires where land is being cleared for crops, logging operations, dam projects and clearing for building projects. The results of these satellite images also indicate rising heat indexes, less forest and damage to the ecological system that exists in the Amazon. The paper reveals how satellites determine data and offers general information about the technology.
Outline:
How Satellites Determine Data
What Satellite Imagery Tells Scientists About the Amazon
How Satellite Imagery Affects the Rainforest
The Types of Satellites Used and General Information About the Technology
From the Paper
"The amount of water or ice particles in the air can be measured by a satellite sensor and this determines part of the information that will tell what is going on, back on earth. Together with satellite visual imagery, the information can give a scientist an amazing amount of information. An article in Satellite Data Applications: Weather and Climate talks about how satellites may measure the physically based parameterization of cloud processes and cloud water. (Weng 407) These measurements are used in a SSMI/Cloud Liquid Water algorithm to find out how the clouds are affected by the thermal emission. (Earth 2005)"
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The Henderson Multigenerational Center, 2007.
A description and analysis of the Henderson Multigenerational Center, in Henderson, Nevada.
848 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the Henderson Multigenerational Center, which is a recreational center that offers opportunities for exercise and game time, has a large aquatic complex with both indoor and outdoor pools and has a computer lab and an art gallery. The paper relates that the facility can be home to cultural events, lectures and courses as well as to sports leagues and teams. The paper notes that the recreational center can also be enjoyed by the physically and mentally challenged because its facilities were built with diversity in mind. The paper points out an environmental concern but concludes that the Multigenerational Center at Henderson is an inspiration for facility designers, planners and managers.
Outline:
Background of Facility
Description of Facility
Analysis of Facility
Analysis of Focus Area
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Multigenerational Center is located in Henderson, Nevada, a city that John F. Kennedy called a "city of destiny" (cited on "City History"). Today, Henderson is the second-largest city in Nevada. Its motto is "A Place to Call Home," and the Henderson Multigenerational Center reflects the demographics of the growing family-oriented community. Built in 2002 by the Dekker Perich Holmes Sabatini architectural firm, the recreational center also includes a large aquatic complex with both indoor and outdoor pools. Combined with the aquatic complex the Henderson Multigenerational Center totals 84,120 square feet (Brown, 2006)."
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