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Brazil, 2007.
This paper discusses the film 'Brazil' by Terry Gilliam.
2,620 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Terry Gilliam's 1985 black comedy 'Brazil' uses a bizarre, crowded, and largely dysfunctional urban environment of the future as a way of commenting on the urban environment of our time. The writer points out that the urban world shown in the film reflects a created culture that never existed but that still has familiar elements that would get a response from anyone today. The writer discusses that this film uses this city as a generic city, standing in for the modern city at a time of social unrest, terrorist activity, and the ascendancy of an authoritarian regime. In short, the writer maintains that many observers might see this film as more reflective of our time than when the film was made, though such a convergence would have to be largely accidental.
From the Paper
"In this view, the organic city has been overlaid with a created landscape, one shaped more by political forces and determined reformers of one stamp or another. In this view, these political forces pushed various populations deemed less important into some parts of the city while allowing and even encouraging white flight into suburban areas. In Los Angeles, the suburbs keep moving further from the city core, first into the Hollywood area and the San Fernando Valley, more recently into what is called Canyon Country to the north, as well as into outlying communities all around the city, such as Santa Monica, Culver City, Alhambra, and El Segundo, and others."
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The Republic of the Congo, 2007.
An overview of the make-up of the Republic of the Congo with particular emphasis on environmental issues that face the nation.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Republic of the Congo. It gives a brief overview of the history, geography, resources, economics and population make-up of the Republic of Congo. It also describes how the poverty of the nation has led to significant social and political turmoil in the land. The paper then focuses on the environmental issues that face the nation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Overview
Population
Geography/Resources/Economy
Environmental Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Congo is experiencing numerous environmental issues. Some of these issues include water pollution caused by the dumping of raw sewage, air pollution, and non-potable tap water. All of these issues are of the utmost concern because of the impact they have on both the people of the Congo and the overall environment. However the most serious environmental issue facing The Republic of Congo is Deforestation."
"This deforestation is occurring in the Congo Basin. According to Tsoumou (2007) the Congo Basin is the second largest rain forest in the world. The Congo Basin is composed of nearly 30 percent of the world's entire vegetation, and it covers an area of 470 million acres (Tsoumou 2007). The Congo basin serves as the habitat for nearly 400 mammal species; this is inclusive of the world's largest populations of lowland chimpanzees, gorillas, and forest elephants (Tsoumou 2007)."
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Liquid Natural Gas Infrastructure Risks, 2007.
A risk assessment of liquefied natural gas facilities and the safety standards and technology associated with them.
8,834 words (approx. 35.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 236.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses safety and risk posed by liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities. It specifically focuses on the safety of these facilities in that they are highly visible and make easy targets for terrorist attacks. The paper also discusses the safety standards and technology associated with LNG, particularly following a catastrophic event in 1944 in Cleveland. It describes the environmental effects of a disaster, as well as symptoms of exposure in an LNG accident. The paper concludes with a long-term risk assessment of the future of LNG.
Table of Contents:
The Infrastructure
Risks Associated with Spills
Cold Hazards
Pool Fires
Vapor Clouds
"A Cleaner Alternative"
By-Products of Combustion
Symptoms of Exposure in an LNG Accident
A Matter of Scale and Scope
Long Term Environmental Impact
Disaster Planning and Modeling
Evacuation
Contamination Control
Improving LNG Accident Response
How Real is the Risk?
Potential Scenario from an LNG Explosion in Boston Harbor
The Future of LNG Risk Assessment
From the Paper
"Up until this point, only one real world scenario of an LNG accident existed and it was long ago before recent developments in technology and safety protocol. Other assessments, such as those made by FERC and industry professionals are largely theoretical. They leave too many variables to chance. To accurately assess the real dangers of LNG, there is a critical need for credible, scenario based research. This is the next phase in the research cycle concerning the safety of LNG. If we are to remove the issue from the political battleground, we need more research-based evidence. In the case of LNG, valid research can be difficult due to the nature of the material."
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Industrial Hygiene Report, 2007.
An industrial hygiene incident report concerning a spill from a chemical facility.
2,369 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper follows the sequence of events as recorded when Professional Services Laboratories responded to a hazardous incident a spill incident at a chemical facility. The spill that occurred involved methanol and was the result of an employee who did not follow recommended procedures in the transfer of the substance from one container to another.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Background
Applicable Standards
Survey Method and Strategy
Survey Findings
Conclusions/ Recommendations
From the Paper
"Before entering the area to clean up the spill, the emergency crew took LEL readings of the immediate area in accordance with established company protocols for such an incident. The LEL at that time was 4.2, therefore, the area was deemed safe for entry. Meter readings were taken continuously throughout the initial cleanup procedure as a precaution. Reported levels at 10 minutes after clean u p began were at 1.87. At 20 minutes the levels were at .64. At 30 minutes they were below the detection limit. After all sand was cleaned from the contaminated area and properly packaged for disposal at a Resource Conservation and Rcovery Act (RCRA) approved disposal site, no further LEL readings were deemed necessary. "
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US&R Taskforce Force-Protection, 2007.
This paper researches the security related issues revolving around the urban search and rescue teams during emergency deployments such as hurricanes and earthquakes.
6,475 words (approx. 25.9 pages), 134 sources, MLA, AU$ 190.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the deficiencies in 'task-force force protection' (TF-FP) for the Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) division of FEMA(Federal Emergency Management Agency). The paper discusses the study that reveals that the task-force force protection deployed during disasters and crisis has been severely lacking in protection for the Urban Search and Rescue division. The paper explains how this has led to serious problems and examines the recommendations offered in the study.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Questions of the Research
Background of the Problem
Determinations of the Audit of the US&R Response System (2006)
Recommendations of the Audit of the US&R Response System (2006)
Scope of Task-Force Force-Protection Duties
Assessing the Problem
Expertise Necessary Identified
Phoenix Arizona Model
Discussion
Recommendations of the Study
From the Paper
"The Audit of the National Urban Search and Rescue Response System (2006) report relates that: "Six of the seven task forces fell below 50 percent of the US&R System standards for operational readiness established by FEMA." Operational readiness was defined by FEMA as "the availability of a rostered complement of completely trained, exercised, qualified personnel and disaster search canines ready to deploy." A full complement for a task force roster is inclusive of: "210 members with 19 different specialties and 12 canines." (Audit of the National Urban Search and Rescue Response System, 2006) Specific deficiencies were stated to be that the task forces did not conduct exercise or either did not require team members of an adequate number for participation."
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Infill Development and Transportation, 2007.
This paper explores the impact of infill development on urban and regional transportation networks.
2,415 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, AU$ 93.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that urban infill frequently requires after-the-fact adjustments to connect new development with existing transportation networks. The paper discusses the debates regarding whether to infill or not. The paper shows how urban infill development affects transportation networks in as many different ways as it is possible to re-develop older urban areas and reveals that perhaps the strongest argument in favor of urban infill is an ecological one. The paper concludes that urban infill can positively affect transportation networks only if it is conducted in such a way that peoples lifestyles are modified from the American suburban "ideal."
Outline:
Introduction
Main Themes and Debates
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Successful urban regions depend on proper land use and the mutual accessibility of local communities and resources. Efficient transportation networks provide interconnectivity. Varied styles of development meet different needs and demand different transport solutions. Suburban tract houses and corporate office parks require methods of travel that can cover fairly large distances in short periods of time. High density urban residential and commercial districts necessitate systems that meet both local and regional needs, offering a mix of low-speed general access, and high-speed restricted access routes. In all areas, transportation can be either private or public. Networks that depend on private vehicles require miles of superhighways and elaborate webs of expensive-to-maintain local streets."
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Hurricane Katrina, 2007.
An overview of the government relief initiative after Hurricane Katrina.
808 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Hurricane Katrina was the most financially devastating and deadliest hurricane in the history of the United States. In particular, it looks at how the nature of this natural disaster brought about one of the most complex and controversial disaster relief efforts in history and how the government spent billions in relief and organizations from local, state, and federal levels worked in unison with NGOs to attempt the recovery and help of Katrina victims.
From the Paper
"Katrina victims can be loosely defined as any individual who suffered physical, financial and emotional harm from direct, storm related causes. Katrina victims range far and wide, although the majority of the focus are upon those in New Orleans, many victims also were evacuated from South Florida and Mississippi. The victims of Katrina receive strong attention on the national level for several reasons, one of the primary reasons being the disparity between racial dynamics in those victimized by the storm. The majority of victims appear to be poor minorities, especially those residing within inner city New Orleans. The racial disparity among Katrina victims was strongly noted by media commentators within the Superdome. "
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The Effects of Overpopulation, 2007.
This paper studies the effects of overpopulation in the United States.
1,063 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
Overpopulation has been a highly contested topic for centuries. Varied opinions are voiced such as, when there is overpopulation, natural resources are depleted as a result of the need to sustain the rapid growth. Still others opine that it is not as much as overpopulation but population density relative to the availability of resources. The writer discusses that it is not much really a question of overpopulation but rather population density vs. available resources and population vs. consumption of resources. The United States government, as the remaining superpower, should lead the fight against the negative effects of overpopulation. The writer concludes that the U.S. should curtail its super consumer culture and temper exploitation of natural resources by providing means of replenishing what was taken from nature.
From the Paper
"Whatever arguments there are on overpopulation, humans should be cognizant of the fact that population density should not be always the primary blamed factor but rather the actions done relative to population growth. Humans cannot simply lord over any and all resources without thinking that these are finite entities that need processes or plans to replenish. Emerging countries industrialization is not paying attention to environmental issues because of the feeding demands of their ever-growing populations. Misuse or depletion of the Earth's treasures to meet those needs, for example unsustainable logging, poor farming practices, and overfishing, threatens human life and health around the world. If these trends continue, humans might find each other fighting over basic resources such as food and water - and probably continue blaming overpopulation instead of the manner by which resources have been abused."
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Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", 2007.
This paper studies the essay "The Tragedy of the Commons" by Garrett Hardin.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that although Garrett Hardin's essay entitled "The Tragedy of the Commons" was written nearly 40 years ago, it has even more impact today than when it was written, as we watch the population of the world continue to climb exponentially. The writer points out that Hardin's concern with overpopulation caused by, as he terms it, "the freedom to breed" is prevalent in all parts of the world today. In the third world where population is increasing at the greatest rate, starvation and disease run rampant. The writer further discusses that in the industrial world, the current population is beginning to tax natural resources such as fossil fuels, land and water just as Hardin predicted. The writer concludes that what Hardin saw 40 years ago is still true today, population growth must be controlled.
From the Paper
"In this example, Hardin explores the idea of how people really are looking out for their own best interest with no regard for or unintentional benefit for the common good. Hardin asks the reader to imagine a pasture that is open to all to use. At more primitive times, overpopulation of the pasture by animals did not occur due to natural attrition. However, in more modern times, a point will occur when the balance will be tipped. Adding one more animal to the grazing land will cause it to be overpopulated. Nevertheless, the individual herders weigh their options and determine that they will benefit more personally by adding additional animals and the negative consequences are slight in comparison. If all of the herdsmen add animals, eventually they will being it to ruin.
To give this example more impact, Hardin looks to the National Parks as a modern example of how the lack of limits placed on individuals can destroy something."
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Overpopulation and Global Warming, 2007.
This paper examines the effects of overpopulation on global warming.
1,223 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the issue of global warming is not only a purely environmental issue but is also intimately linked to the human utilization of planetary resources. The paper shows how the greater the number of people on earth, the greater the demand for fossil fuels and, likewise, the greater pollution of the atmosphere.
From the Paper
"The seriousness of global warming has lately been underlined by a recent agreement among the majority of the world's scientists. In summary: "The world's scientists ... gave their starkest warning yet that a failure to cut greenhouse gas emissions will bring devastating climate change within a few decades." ( Worse than we thought) This report expands on the seriousness of global warming. "Average temperatures could increase by as much as 6,4oC by the end of the century if emissions continue to rise, with a rise of 4oC most likely, ... The forecast is higher than previous estimates, because scientists have discovered that Earth's land and oceans are becoming less able to absorb carbon dioxide..." ( Worse than we thought)"
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Breast Cancer Mortality, 2007.
This paper discusses female breast cancer mortality in New Jersey counties and looks at the relationship with certain environmental variables.
3,331 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that today, breast cancer remains the focus of a growing amount of research around the world and new, improved diagnostic techniques, drugs and treatment are constantly improving survival rates. Nevertheless, the writer points out that the incidence of female breast cancer remains unacceptably high in many regions of the country, especially New Jersey. To identify recent trends in the incidence of female breast cancer generally and in New Jersey specifically, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed literature and an analysis of the statistical rates by race for the state and its counties. A summary of the research and salient findings are presented in the conclusion. The writer concludes that the the research is clear in showing that virtually every county in New Jersey is considered high-risk for increased rates of breast cancer by virtue of their geographic proximity to nuclear reactors, as well as the potential environmental toxins that go hand in hand with high concentrations of humanity.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Environmental Factors
Table 1 - Breast Cancer Statistics - New Jersey
Table 2 - Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality by Race, New Jersey and the U.S. 1989-1993.
Table 3 - Cancer Death Statistics for the State of New Jersey by Race
Summary of Breast Cancer Trends Identified in New Jersey
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Other environmental factors may relate to socioeconomic conditions. While the National Cancer Institute and other medical organizations agree that women age 50 years and older should obtain a routine mammography every one to two years, estimates of breast cancer screening utilization show that participation in mammography screening is typically lowest among groups of women with whom social workers often work; that is, older, low-income, rural, and racially and culturally diverse women. Studies have investigated a variety of factors predictive of women's decisions about breast cancer screening, including socioeconomic factors, and to a lesser extent, psychological and cultural variables; the results of these studies generally indicate that older and ethnic minority women, women with inadequate insurance coverage and no regular source of medical care, women that are less educated, women that live in medically underserved areas, and women that report strong religious values, attitudes, and beliefs about breast cancer, are less likely to obtain breast cancer screening and are at greater risk of dying from breast cancer than are white women who are younger, educated, have health insurance and access to medical care, and that do not express strong beliefs about breast cancer."
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Community Centers and Social Capital, 2007.
A look at the whether the expense of running community centers can be justified by their benefits to the community.
2,788 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the value of community centers goes beyond building social capital within the community that it serves. It looks at how community centers are paramount to building strong communities all the way up the chain to the national level and how, through bonding, bridging, and linking, community centers help to make this world a web of support.
Outline:
Defining Social Capital
Forms of Social Capital: Bridging, Bonding, Linking
Who do Community Centres Benefit?
Do they Build Social Capital?
What is the Impact of Community Centres on the Larger Perspective?
From the Paper
"The primary difficulty with discussing social capital in any situation is that the definition of social capital has changed over the years. Social capital, in its broadest definition, refers to intangible concepts and ambiguous terms. The term "capital" is typically associated with economics. Taken in this context, one expects to be able to quantify capital in real terms. However, when one considers "social" capital, the term takes on a new meaning. It implies a connection with intangible concepts such as welfare, good will, and humanitarian activities. The term "capital" takes on an entirely different meaning in this context. "
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The Gobi Desert, 2007.
This paper looks at the past and the future of the Gobi Desert.
836 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the Gobi Desert, which is one of the most striking natural phenomena in the world. The writer explains that it is the world's northernmost desert and home to the world's southernmost glacier in the Gobi's Yol Valley. The writer points out that the Gobi Desert is situated across the border between Mongolia and China. The writer notes that despite the general conception of a desert as full of sand, much of the Gobi desert is only barren rock. The writer concludes that as students we can look to the Gobi Desert as a unique source of knowledge about geography in one of the most extreme environments in the world. The writer notes that the Gobi Desert can provide the thoughtful researcher with a wealth of information about how landscapes are shaped and manipulated by almost purely natural forces.
From the Paper
"Many of the geographical features of the Gobi Desert were formed because of the effects of plate tectonics over millions of years. At one time, the Gobi Desert region was at the convergence of two tectonic plates, a fact that helped shape the unique geographic features of the region. More recently in geological terms, the Gobi Desert region has felt the effect of the Indian subcontinent tectonic plate moving northward into Asia. While this movement has had the immediate effect of driving the Himalayas upward, the pressure of this convergence has consistently spilled to the east and west. It has fractured the Gobi landscape and helped drive much of the region up into higher elevations. When we consider the major geologic and geographic features of the region, plate tectonics must be seen as a primary cause in their formation."
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Vine City, Atlanta 1964-1968, 2007.
An interpretative analysis of Vine City, its residents and their community, 1964-1968.
16,215 words (approx. 64.9 pages), 26 sources, MLA, AU$ 318.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the rise out of despair of the Vine City community of Atlanta, during the crucial Civil Rights years of 1964-1968. The paper shows how Vine City was largely a missed opportunity during this period in American history. The paper focuses on the Vine City Improvement Association, under the leadership of J. Otis Cochran and others and how these individuals fought to make a better way for the community's residents. The paper analyzes the self-help programs and initiatives developed by individuals and organizations in the Vine City area and assesses the legacy of these actions on Vine City today.
Outline:
Abstract
Chapter One: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter Two: Vine City between 1964-1968
Chapter Three: The Legacy of the Sixties on Vine City Today
From the Paper
"While the city of Atlanta itself is relatively small, it is surrounded by a number of suburbs, including Vine City. Over the years, Vine City has been the victim of various property development initiatives that were designed to benefit the City of Atlanta in general, while sacrificing quality of life considerations for Vine City residents in the process. While other similarly situated suburbs of Atlanta, particularly low-income predominately black ones, have experienced comparable problems in the past, Vine City in particular seems to epitomize the problems associated with developmental issues in the face of a political machine that fails to embrace all of the stakeholders involved. In the face of such challenges, though, Vine City has also been the source of a number of black leaders that modeled the way by mobilizing resources and ensuring that the voices of Vine City residents were no longer ignored."
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Nuclear Energy, 2003.
A discussion regarding nuclear energy, an important resource for the energy needs of the future.
1,353 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at nuclear energy. According to the paper, nuclear energy provides a cost-efficient, safe and reliable form of energy generation that is relatively clean. The paper goes on to discuss how nuclear energy does not contribute to the growing problem of global warming and climate change since this source does not emit any pollutants into the air.
From the Paper
"Lake (2001) argued that since nuclear waste is fully contained and very carefully dealt with, it is the best-managed waste on planet Earth. Furthermore, this author explained how the costs of storage and eventual disposal of nuclear waste are included in the cost of nuclear-produced electricity. In regard to long-term solutions for the storage of nuclear waste, the U.S. commercial nuclear energy industry plans for the development and licensing of an underground national repository for the waste's permanent disposal (Lake, 2001)."
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The Turks and Caicos Island Nation, 2007.
This paper describes the ecological problem caused by the tourist industry in the Turks and Caicos Island nation, located north of Haiti and south of the Bahamas.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Turks and Caicos Island nation boast the quiet solitude of hundreds of miles of undeveloped beaches, which promote a strong trade in eco-tourism, and an archaeological past, which dates back thousands of years. The author points out that the recently developed Holland America Line cruise center, which has changed the landscape of Grand Turk Island, similar to the situation in other Caribbean destinations, does not preserve the natural settings nor add sufficiently to the revenue of the nation to justify the disruption of the environment. The paper stresses that creating a system based on eco-friendly practices, including limiting embankments and increasing time spent in various locations, is essential to the tourist industry in this area. The paper includes several long quotations.
From the Paper
"Robertsen in a pioneering call for research on the subject of the social, economic and environmental impact of the fast growing cruise industry states that the Turk & Caicos islands were being threatened by the development of this center (in 2001 before it was cemented). The evidence associated with many cruise centers is difficult to judge based on the fact that there is limited reporting and only marginal amounts of scholarly research on the subject. In trade magazines, the issue is largely glossed over as a point of great growth and expansion, ..."
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