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Requirements Engineering, 2006.
A discussion on the use of requirements engineering to help grasp requirements in the analysis phase of the software development life cycle.
1,593 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses success of a project as very much dependant on the accurate, unambiguous and a well-developed requirements specification. The paper goes on to describe requirements engineering's role in assisting the software developer to grasp requirements within software development without room for any ambiguity.
Table of Contents:
Thesis
Introduction
Requirements Engineering
Elicitation
Elicitation Techniques (Interviewing, Workshops, Prototypes)
Requirements Analysis
Requirements Analysis Tools
Documentation
Validation and Approval
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sometimes prototyping is also used as an important requirements elicitation tool. This is more so in cases where the requirements are ambiguous, making the feedback from users as an important input before proceeding with the actual project development and implementation. Prototypes, typically, have only a portion of the functionality of the system. However, they are very effective in uncovering hidden user requirements. Experts opine that prototyping, being a model of the proposed system, eliminates the problems with the 'Yes but' syndrome as it clearly shows the user what the developed system would do for them. Prototypes are "a partial implementation of a software system, built to help developers, users, and customers better understand the requirements of the system" [Leffingwell, 149]"
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Nanotechnology, 2006.
This paper describes nanotechnology and its potential for the future.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the concept of nanotechnology. The paper begins with a definition of this term. The author then cites current research and applications of nanotechnology, with a focus on its potential in medicine. The paper concludes with a warning of the possible dangers of this new technology.
Outline:
Introduction
Definition and Description of Nanotechnology
Current Applications
Nanotechnology in Medicine
Future Possibilities
Dangers
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Nanotechnology is important because it has great potential. According to an article entitled "Is Nanotech Getting Real" the technology could allow for the creation of materials that are stronger than steal but do not weigh as much. This would be important for the automobile, airline, and shipping industries and the environment because it could lead to the creation of vehicles that are more fuel efficient ("Is Nanotech Getting Real")."
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Firefighting, 2006.
This paper gives an historical approach to firefighting and describes hazards encountered during operations.
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the early history of firefighting in America. It focuses in particular on the city of Hackensack and the formation there of a voluntary fire brigade. The paper further describes hazards that were encountered in the early days of American firefighting and today. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of the firefighters themselves understanding building structures and reporting conditions up the chain of command.
From the Paper
"Although there was plenty of controversy surrounding the issue, wherein some stated that it was plain human error, and bad judgment, while some others stated that it was because of interference, or due to mechanical malfunction, the actual truth, as it was later discovered, was that the firefighters had been inadvertently transmitting their communications on a general channel, and since nobody listened to it, no one knew that they were all trapped upstairs, and therefore, no one could rescue them. Since the fact cannot be proved beyond reasonable doubt, and since not one of those firefighters in the incident came out alive, one must believe that a combination of different factors led to such grave fatalities in the firefighting department of Hackensack, in July 1, 1988, in New Jersey. (The Hackensack Fire Radio Communications Issue) "
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Production Management, 2006.
A discussion on production and production management.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper uses an example of a manufacturer of engineering products to highlight the functions of production management. It discusses the role of and abilities needed in a production manager. The paper also explores, by example, the production line and its problems. The author expands on the Japanese system of "kanban".
From the Paper
"The organization that we are talking about is a manufacturer of engineering products, and the major part of the work seems to be assembling different items into a final product. The function concerned is called in management terms as production management. The most important part of the capacity of a production manager is the ability to balance risks and costs. The duty of the production manager is to keep a track of the involved costs on a regular basis. (Production Management) In this relevant case we have to prepare the job schedules in a detailed manner and for that purpose nowadays there are many different varieties of computer programs which are being available for use. Yet even before finally deciding upon which program or method need to be utilized for the purpose, one has to study about the entire procedure in a most detailed manner."
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Animal Testing, 2005.
This paper argues against animal testing.
1,155 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that people might talk about the benefits of animal testing but it is established that animal testing can delay the production of drugs, which would be beneficial to the humans, because they expressed adverse reactions in the animals. The author suggests that there are other alternatives to animal testing including test tube experimentation of human tissue cultures. The paper states that, even though it is difficult to measure the degree of pain and stress caused animals through this inhumane treatment of animals, which no legislation can prevent, this use of animals is immoral and unethical.
Table of Contents
Animal Testing - The Cons
Animal Testing - The Pros
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Moreover, vivisection does not guarantee the accuracy of the treatment as human diseases differ from animal diseases and the result can be very misleading at times. Further the therapy of the drug differs depending on the species that it is used upon. Therefore a drug might have beneficial effects on a monkey but it could have adverse effects on a human. Belladonna is harmless to rabbits but can kill a human. More examples like these are seen throughout history and one was seen in England where Opren, an anti-rheumatic drug, caused the death of over 70 people and put over 3000 people into critical conditions."
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Genetic Engineering, 2006.
This paper argues primarily in favor of genetic engineering (GE) but also points out some potential problems.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that what is called "genetic engineering" has been accomplished for centuries via cross-breeding; however, the risk with GE is that genes can be combined in ways never before possible and with possibly unpredictable results. The author points out that (1) GE often benefits society by producing new materials, (2) plants can be produced that grow more vigorously, produce more food and are more resistant to insects and other crop-reducing problems and, (3) possibly the most compelling one, is that we can benefit medically from its use. The paper reports that the fundamental principle of the ethical standards for GE is that the likely benefits must outweigh the likely risks.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"Other concerns involve the role genes play in who we are. While some believe that all of human health, illness and even behavior are driven by genes, others recognize that the external environment in which the human resides affects gene actions, including whether they switch on or switch off certain proteins. Those actions affect how the gene affects the body. Nature and nurture often work together, even when genetics play a strong role in a medical problem. Some sociologists are calling for a new sub-discipline of medical sociology, which they would call "genetic sociology," to monitor and evaluate the effects of GE on society. This might be a good idea for all uses of GE, and not just for medical uses. It would be hubris to assume that we can predict all possible outcomes from gene manipulation."
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Hurricane Kathleen, 2006.
Reviews literature pertaining to Hurricane Kathleen that swept through New Orleans in 2005.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 190.95
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Abstract
Hurricane Katrina touched land near New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29, 2005 and its storm surge ripped the levees built to protect New Orleans from Lake Pontchartrain. With hundreds dead and damage along the coastal regions of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama costing more than $200 billion, Katrina is considered the most destructive and costliest tropical cyclone to hit the United States. This paper examines literature relating to Hurricane Katrina. Among the texts explored are: J. Galle's "Vulnerable Cities" (2005), "New Orleans' Levees Not Built for Worst Case Events" by B. Handwerk (2005) and "New Orleans: Nature's Revenge" by A. Blenford (2005).
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Methods
Findings
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Delta soils by nature compact and sink in time, giving way to open water, except when fresh layers of sediments are placed to offset them. The Mississippi spring floods previously retained that balance, but yearly deluges were often destructive. The strong flood 1927 erased the levees, lined with concrete and funneled marsh-building sediments to the deep waters of the Gulf. Engineers also severed more than 8,000 miles of canals through the marsh for petroleum exploration and ship traffic (Bourne 2005). These new ditches increased the incidence of erosion and allowed huge and lethal amounts of salt water to penetrate and infiltrate brackish and freshwater marshes."
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Technology and Nursing, 2005.
This paper explores the inter-relationship of technology on nursing and the influence of nursing on technology.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the use of technology encourages new and innovative strategies to improve patient care delivery by enabling nurses to operate more effectively and continue with their jobs. The paper contends that one of the driving reasons for the increased use of technology may be an increase in patient care hours that the hospital has to face, decreased charges that can be levied, elimination of non-professional tasks that are carried out by the registered nurses and additional time that has to be spent by them for teaching patients and their families; however, there may be restrictions due to the reduced control over care for patients, concerns about the supervision of unlicensed staff and the desire to maintain the present situation
Table of Contents
History of Technology and Its Influence on Nursing
The Values and Beliefs of Nurses and Other Healthcare Providers Influenced the Evolution and Usage Technology in Nursing
From the Paper
"In more than 90 percent of the cases, the nurses clearly stated that they had left their jobs voluntarily, and the proportion is more than 90 percent. Only in about three percent of the cases, the reasons for change was mutual between the nurse and the employer and in two percent of the cases, the nurse had been dismissed from their jobs. Clearly there is no desire among employers to dismiss nurses, since costs are involved in recruiting nurses, training the nursing staff and these costs are substantial for a hospital. Thus in spite of all the technical changes that have been going on, the reactions among the nursing staff is not very aggressive."
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Management and Operations Management Theory, 2006.
A look at the four functions of management and the operations management theory.
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
The functions of management and operations management go hand in hand. This paper defines the four functions of management - planning, organizing, leading (motivating) and controlling, together with the operations management theory. It then provides an analysis of how the functions of management affect the operations management.
Outline
Abstract
The Four Functions of Management
Operations Management Theory
Impact of Management Function on Operations Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As the goal of organizing is to produce better results, similarly leading or motivating is necessary for an organization to extract maximum performance out of the workers. With appealing incentives, workers would work honestly and put in their best. This in turn would save the company time and there would be a complete control of the managerial department over things like production control and quality control. When an employee is rewarded for work hard done, then it is only natural that they would put in the most effort. An employee would by nature be well-organized thus bringing the load off the managerial department as far as quality control is concerned. It would also give a higher rate of production and an organization can comply with increasing demands."
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Assistive Technology, 2005.
This paper discusses assistive technology, any equipment used to increase, maintain or improve the capabilities of persons suffering from any type of disabilities or impairment.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one area of assistive technology refers to devices that are used by disabled people to promote an easy access to computers, such as text-to-speech screen readers, voice recognition software, alternative keyboards, head pointing equipment and screen magnifiers. The author points out that 'Speech Recognition' software is often used by individuals with dyslexia and dysgraphia; however, a basic training process is required by which the computer is learns to recognize and accept the individual user's speech patterns. The paper relates that home or workplace modifications, such as ramps, lifts and adaptations in the bathrooms and toilets, can be done so that the individuals can move around within their own familiar surroundings without much difficulty.
From the Paper
"Assistive technology devices to be used at home also include, among others, several self-help aids that the individual can use at home to help him in his various activities like eating, bathing, cooking, dressing, toileting, the maintenance of his home, and so on. Persons with difficulty with communication can use electronic as well as non-electronic devices that would enable them to communicate better with other people associated with them. A computer that would work as an assistive device is an extremely important and useful tool for those who have any type of disabilities, and one example of this is the various input and output devices available for such people, like speech recognition software, Braille, and touch screens."
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21st Century Energy Demands, 2006.
Examines globalization and the demands for energy in the 21st century.
5,100 words (approx. 20.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 207.95
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Abstract
According to recent reports, supplying enough energy on a reliable basis at prices that will not cripple the global economic growth has become a challenge with consequences that are difficult to predict. The paper shows that, although this will provide new opportunities for oil and gas companies, pipelines, generators, utilities and others in the energy business, it also carries serious risks. The paper shows that the demand for energy is growing, not only in the developed economies of Europe, Japan and North American, but in developing countries as well. In fact, the fastest demand growth is in China and other emerging markets, thus from one side of the globe to the other, societies are needing and demanding more fuel. The paper examines how the world is able to deal with increased energy demands in the 21st century.
From the Paper
"There is no avoiding the fact that the success of globalization is underscored by dramatic increases in consumption, and with increased consumption comes environmental degradation (Marber pp). Current and projected damage to the environment can impede economic progress, and climatic changes attributed to greenhouse gas emissions and pressure on natural resources have become serious problems (Marber pp). Resource scarcity is an issue the world will have to confront as two to three billion more people consume like middle class Americans over the next fifty years (Marber pp)."
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Electronics Aiding Humanity, 2005.
This paper reviews many examples of advanced electronics, which are playing very critical roles in many areas including the biomedical and learning environments.
3,015 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that electronics technologies empower man to do things that were never imagined before such as completing advanced tasks faster and easier such as the automated teller machines (ATMs). The author points out that advances in the discipline of biomedical engineering have made the impossible "possible" by working closely with doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers to develop a range of computing, instrumentation, imaging and telemedicine equipment. The paper relates that electronic forms of learning, calls "e-learning", have evolved in different methods, which makes use of assisted programs and software in which the speed of teaching can be adjusted to the learning ability and speed of the learner and to physical impairments.
Table of Contents
The Importance of Electronics in Today's Society and How Mankind Relies on the Current Technologies
Electronics Technology in the Development and Aid of Human Life and Longevity
Technical Achievements in the Area of Biomedics
Technology in Electronics - Aiding Other Defects of Humanity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The truth that electronics aid humanity may be a subject for debate. However, it must be noted that nothing else may beat your doubt on electronics but the fact that we can derive from others' experiences that the technological advances in electronics really assist man in sustaining his life and surviving from the weaknesses of our physical body. More so, we may derive such information from our relatives and friends who may have experienced recovering from diseases with the aid of advanced biomedical machines, made possible by advanced electronics. Or, you can also ask this question to yourself to provide a view on how effective do you really believe can technology as applied in electronics will help, assist, and aid humanity?"
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Stem Cell Research, 2005.
A discussion on stem cell research as an example of genetic engineering.
1,225 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how embryonic stem cells are of great interest due to their ability to develop into virtually any other cell produced by the human body. It discusses how it is likely that the first potential applications of human embryonic stem cell technology will be in the area of drug discovery because the ability to grow pure populations of specific cell types offers a "proving ground" for chemical compounds that could have medical importance.
From the Paper
"In the three to five day old embryo, called a blastocyst, stem cells in developing tissues give rise to the multiple specialized cells types that make up the lung, skin, heart, and other tissues. In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, "discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are lost through normal wear and tar, injury or disease. Scientists believe that stem cells may become the basis for treating diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and heart disease."
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Sustainable Energy Sources, 2006.
An analysis of the environmental costs and benefits of nuclear energy as a sustainable energy source.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses the costs and benefits to the environment of using nuclear energy. The paper explains that while theoretically nuclear energy is a clean, effective, efficient and almost inexhaustible form of power, public opinion is widely opposed to its usage. However, the author of this paper maintains that that opposition is based on misinformation. The paper explains the process of creating and harnessing nuclear energy, showing how it is nearly identical -- save the source of the heat -- to that used by geothermal energy plants and many coal-burning plants. The paper further demonstrates that nuclear energy is actually the safest, most environmentally-sound energy option and concludes that more should be done to support its adoption as America's primary sustainable energy source.
From the Paper
"The public's apprehensive assessment of nuclear power remains its most serious obstacle. Although disasters and fatalities have been fairly limited, the potential for catastrophe is not overlooked by anyone. The Three Mile Island disaster seems to be burned into public perception regarding any discussion of nuclear energy (Beder, 224-5). Additionally, radioactive nuclear waste cannot be dumped back into the environment: it remains dangerous for thousands of years. As a consequence, collecting, relocating, and storing this waste presents environmental risks that most other energy resources are not associated with. Naturally, if proper precautions are taken and no mishaps occur; nuclear power is perhaps the most cost effective, cleanest, safest, and sustainable form of energy society has to offer. However, all rests upon its appropriate handling and the public's trust in its distributors."
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Thomas Alva Edison, 2006.
A biography of the life and work of Thomas Edison.
1,427 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the career of Thomas Edison, who is connected with the development of such invaluable inventions as the telegraph, the submarine cable, the telephone, the electric light, the electric railway, the electric trolley-car, the storage battery, the electric motor and the phonograph. The paper not only looks at the inventions that were Edison's brainchild, but also at the improvements he was able to make with other peoples inventions.
From the Paper
"Telegraph and its connection with Edison are interesting. When Edison was born in 1847, telegraph had already been invented but it was not generally accepted by the public. Wheatstone and Cooke are credited with the invention of magnetic needle telegraph in England while Morse had invented the electromagnetic telegraph in 1840 in America. In 1847, telegraph was still in its infancy and the farthest west it could reach was Pittsburg. It was however an exciting invention with unlimited possibilities and Edison from the very young age showed keen interest in it. He and his friends first developed a local primitive telegraph system across his neighborhood. This allowed them to send messages to each other. This worked well till a minor incident brought the entire system down and Edison's childhood experimentation with telegraph came to a screeching halt."
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Substitute Skin, 2006.
This paper discusses the engineering of substitute skin.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 25 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the demand for substitute skin is because (1) the loss of significant amounts of this layer can result in functional morbidity or death and (2) the many burn injuries and dermatological disorders such as chronic skin ulcers and nevi excision, which require substitute skin. The author points out that, to design a skin substitute, it is necessary to replace both the dermal and epidermal layers because the dermal layer cannot spontaneously regenerate in humans and the epidermal layer is needed as protection for underlying dermis. The paper relates that the three main types of temporary skin substitutes, which are used for coverage of wounds that do not completely eliminate the dermis or for areas where skin is being removed as a donor site, are allograft, synthetic, and bio-synthetic; whereas, the two main types of permanent skin replacements are bio-synthetic and biologic, but many of the newer types of artificial skin being developed are a combination of both categories.
From the Paper
"The basic design criteria specified by Yannas and Burke have become standards used to fabricate new skin alternatives. These criteria utilize two separate stages of design. The initial stage involves keeping bacteria out of the body and retaining water within the body [9]. Once these goals have been met, a second long-term stage involves improvement of cosmetic appearance and tissue scarring, minimizing contracture of the skin, and anchoring to the underlying tissue [9]. In addition, it is assumed that the skin is non-toxic. Researchers have added several more goals to the design criteria since the original publication by Yannas and Burke. These goals are to make the artificial skin easy to store and use and to produce it inexpensively [7] as well as reducing heat loss and pain in the area and providing a hypoxic area wherein wound healing would occur faster."
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