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The Razor's Edge of Ethics, 2002.
The paper explores parallels between the novel "Frankenstein" (Mary Shelley) and modern-day genetics.
803 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper draws a line at the edge of ethics, focusing on genetic engineering. It uses the book "Frankenstein" by Mary Shelly to illustrate some its points and to draw the reader to certain conclusions, while giving a summary of the book.
From the Paper
"Cloning, genetic engineering, DNA mapping, these words are no longer terms of science fiction, but terms that exist in our lives. While we, as a people, applaud our scientific achievements, there are questions that remain. Is it dangerous? Can there be unpredictable outcomes? What will happen?"
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Genetic Engineering, 2002.
A discussion of the ethics of Genetic Engineering.
2,465 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper gives an insight into the principles of genetic engineering since its first concept by an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel. It discusses how selective engineering of genetics is invaluable to the health and happiness of humans and how the importance of this issue has played second fiddle to the arguments, for and against genetic engineering for years. Examples are provided to argue the positive side of regeneration and to show how in time, genetic disorders such as ?Down Syndrome? and ?Multiple Sclerosis? could be made diseases of the past.
From the Paper
"Even though there are a lot of risks, the possibilities of what we can do are endless. Genetic engineering should be allowed to progress because of the benefits for human beings outweigh the consequences. For example, cows could be genetically cloned to produce milk with medications in it. This means that vaccination shots and pills would become obsolete. Babies could be brought up immune to diseases by simply being fed milk. Imagine what this could mean for people who live in countries like Somalia. Whole countries could be made healthy and immune to disease."
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Pile Testing, 2002.
A description of two major types of pile tests-- pile-load test and integrity test.
2,330 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses pile tests methods - pile-load tests and integrity tests. The integrity tests include the acoustic test and the seismic test method. For each test the procedure and interpretation are discussed. Real-world cases are investigated and pictures are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are concluded in the end.
From the Paper
"In carrying out a maintained load test to determine the load capacity of a pile, it is suggested that it is necessary first to estimate the load capacity so that a suitable loading and reaction system may be provided, and then to define some physical event by which ?failure?, and hence the ultimate capacity of the pile may be recognized. Among the commonly used definitions of the ultimate load capacity are: First--The load that causes a settlement equal to 10% of the pile diameter. Second?The load at which the rate of settlement continues undiminished without further increment of load, unless this rate is so slow as to indicate that settlement may be a result of consideration of the soil. For example, Qu in Figure 2 could be taken as the ultimate load."
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Wastewater Engineering, 2002.
An examination of the process for the treatment and purification of wastewater.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
The treatment of wastewater is divided into three main categories: Primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment, where each stage contains several steps. This paper examines this purification and treatment process and explains each stage step-by-step.
From the Paper
"The primary treatment stage involves the removal of physical contamination which includes grit, grease and solid particles. The first stage in this is a screening process, which filters our large particles. The next stage is grit removal, this is a settling stage where grit is allowed to settle out of the water under low flow conditions (Manahan 226). The final stage of the primary treatment is grease removal, which is achieved by allowing the wastewater to settle, with the grease materials floating on top. This top layer is then scraped off."
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"Money Now, Death Later" - Genetically Engineered Products, 2001.
A looks at the risks and dangers involved in genetic engineering.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the dangers of genetically engineered food products in the marketplace. It traces activities of anti-genetic engineering groups and their relationship with biotech corporations. Legal and political implications of the industry are also studied.
From the Paper
"The new biotechnology of genetic engineering initiates thoughts of a glow in the dark bunny, plants that eat poison, plants that contain pesticides and some medicines. New cures for diseases or solutions to problems that plague the world, such as starvation, are the promises made by the many supporters of this technology. However, many people are skeptical, because they know little of the potential side effects it may have on the people who eat or use the genetically modified products. An article printed in the Christian Science Monitor entitled ?Europe Invites Biotech Debate? by Peter Ford on September 11, 2001, explains the position of the public and the European Commission concerning genetically modified products while keeping his view of the issue from influencing the way that he writes. Karen Charman, on the other hand, lets her views of government control give her a clear agenda as to how she states the United States? position in this debate in her article, ?Spinning Science into Gold.? Comparing the biotech issues between ?Spinning Science into Gold,? and ?Europe Invites Biotech Debate,? one sees that, unlike European nations, corporations in the United States maintain exclusive control over genetically engineered products. Clearly there is a need for government intervention to regulate corporations."
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Foundation Design -- Pile Testing, 2002.
This paper describes two major types of pile tests in foundation designing in the field of engineering - Pile-load test and Integrity test.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 119.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that the construction of piled foundations is a skilled operation, and calls for a high level of training and experience. Though they are not infrequent, when faults are discovered in some important piles, the consequences could be severe. This paper describes two major types of pile tests: Pile-load test and Integrity test. The integrity tests include acoustic test, and seismic test method. For each pile test, the procedure and interpretation are discussed. An actual case is investigated and pictures are presented.
From the Paper
"Acoustic test:
"Advantages: The system scans the pile concrete radially for a distance of approximate 100mm around the drilled hole or installed tube. The method is relatively rapid, some tens of tests being possible daily.
Disadvantages: Pre-selection is generally required as it is usual to install purpose made tubes in the pile for the equipment. It is necessary to employ plastic tubes for this purpose, with the attendant risk of collapse, steel tubes being unsuitable for single hole logging. The installation of the tube adds to the reinforcement steel in restricting free concrete flow and may in itself lead to defects. Poor bonding of the tube to the concrete may yield an anomalous response. Unless a hole is drilled, it is not possible to inspect right to the base of a pile by this method. Specialist interpretation is generally necessary."
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Stem Cell Research, 2001.
This paper is a detailed look at the ethical debate in the United States over the use of stem cell technology.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a close look at stem cell research. The writer examines both sides of the issue and argues that stem cell research is a positive medical breakthrough, highly beneficial to those suffering from a variety of diseases.
From the Paper
"The world of medicine has grown in leaps and bounds for the last few decades. We have come very far in many areas and we are now on the threshold of exploding new developments that promise to revolutionize the industry. Stem cell research has been receiving a lot of media coverage as of late, some promoting the process, while others are against it. Stem cell research is an exciting new development that is going to be able to save lives."
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Transportation, Safety and Accidents, 2002.
This paper discusses the technological advances and newly developed safety systems for all methods of transportation.
3,290 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an extensive background and analysis of transportation methods and their supporting systems and services on a national, regional and local basis. The author stresses the importance of safety and that as technology continues to advance, new safety systems and standards will continue to develop.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of Transportation
Transportation Today
Safety Devices
Department of Transportation
Travel on Land
Travel by Ship
Air Travel
Railroad Travel
Keeping Transportation Safe
Bibliography and Endnotes
From the Paper
"Today, there is a vast array of transportation choices, commercial airliners, trains, automobiles, subways, buses, motorcycles, motor homes, ships, boats, or bicycles. Depending on the amount of time and money we want to spend, there are many choices involved in travel.
But with these increased means of travel come change in global markets, environmental challenges, transnational security threats and a communication and information revolution. Every mode of transportation has individual risks, safety issues, laws, and problems. And each mode of transportation has agencies that deal with them."
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The Federal Highway Act of 1956, 2002.
This paper discusses the role that the Federal Highway Act of 1956 played in helping to determine what shape America would take over the last half of the twentieth century.
2,165 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the largest public works project of its time, the Federal Highway Act of 1956. The paper looks at the the historical events that led up to President Eisenhower's signing of the Act. It then goes on to discuss the positive impact that it would have on the U.S. economy, looking at such topics as employment, land development, travel, retail competition and lower consumer prices and freight prices. The paper then examines the negative impact the Act would have on the economy looking at such areas as mass transit, mass migration, travel and air pollution. The final are that the paper deals with is the cultural impact. The author feels that based upon their analysis of the Act, it had a fundamentally positive affect in shaping America over the past fifty years.
From the Paper
"The construction of this system has provided Americans with access to valuable land, which encouraged construction and development of real estate including residential, industrial and commercial. Residential properties created as a result of the interstate system most often comes in the form of single-family homes. All over the country residential areas run alongside interstate highways. The system has created a variety of commercial development including roadside businesses, such as hotels and restaurants. The interstate system also aided in the development of industrial properties including nuclear power plants."
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Cloning, 2002.
This paper examines the issues surrounding cloning.
805 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at some of the ethical issues surrounding the use of cloning. This paper looks at Dolly, the sheep, the first cloned mammal and discusses how the field has progressed since 1997. The paper also discusses the ethical issues that have come up in discussions about human cloning since the field is still so new and fells that many of the concerns expressed are a result of the unknown. The paper details the different arguments against human cloning , as well as the potential scientific advances that may come as a result of its use. The author argues that human cloning and genetic engineering may eventually gain more acceptance as did IVF, birth control pills and other medical procedures which were also challenged when they first were introduced.
From the Paper
"Bioethics, which is the study of value judgments pertaining to human conduct in the area of biology and includes those related to the practice of medicine, has been an important aspect of all areas in the scientific field (Bernstein, Maurice, M.D.). It is one of the factors that says whether or not certain scientific research can go on, and if it can, under which rules and regulations it must abide by. One of the most recent and controversial issues facing our society today is the idea of cloning. Dolly the sheep, was the first mammal clone, and was born in February 1997, in Edinburgh, Scotland. After considerable of news coverage, genetic engineering of DNA was in the spotlight. The world has had heatedly discussions over the issues surrounding cloning ever since."
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Ethernet System, 2001.
The following paper describes the shift from a hub-based token ring system to an Ethernet system.
3,780 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 169.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the reasons for the shift from a hub-based token ring system to an Ethernet system. The author discusses the desire for increased speed, greater bandwidth and general updating of the system to be more compatible with other contemporary systems.
From the Paper
"The Ethernet originated as a laboratory project at Xerox Corporation in 1974. It was developed as an inexpensive way of sending information quickly between office machines connected together in a single room or building thus serving in essentially the same way that a local area network functions but it rapidly became a standard computer interconnection method in large measure because of the speed at which it is capable of transmitting data, which is 10 megabits per second. The Ethernet originally required a coaxial cable as its communications medium, but this is no longer the case."
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Nuclear Radiation Shielding, 2002.
A detailed report of an experiment testing the shielding of radiation by various materials.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
Discusses an experiment of the shielding of radiation. The experiment uses fluid flow measurements and the method of continuous flow to determine the coefficient of viscosity. Includes the calculations and results of the said experiment as well as diagrams. Discusses the conclusions and several human errors that happened when carrying out the experiment.
From the Paper
"There are two different ways water can flow this can be either streamline or turbulent. When a liquid has a streamline its particles flow in regular and smooth paths called streamlines. In this type of motion the viscous drag opposing the flow is proportional to the average velocity of the liquid. In turbulent flow, the particles have irregular motion therefore the viscous drag is proportional to the square of the velocity. "
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Solid Propulsion, 2000.
An essay outlining the history and modern use of solid propulsion in comparison to other types of propulsion.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the history of solid propulsion and black powder and discusses how it was used. It also looks at the advantages and disadvantages of solid propulsion in relation to its liquid counterparts.
From the Paper
"The first solid propulsion engines were invented by the Chinese early in the 13th century in use of fireworks. These homemade rockets were propelled by black powder. The first recorded military use was in 1232 in a military siege where the powder propelled rockets were used to set fire to tents. It wasn?t until years later around the early 15th century when they started becoming used in Europe and equipped with a payload. Gunpowder started being used as it burned slower than black powder. The two have same the same ingredients but in different proportions. A large step forward was when the solid propulsion rockets were used to carry rope from distressed ships to shore in stormy conditions. The sailors would use the rope as a lifeline in their rowboats. However this relied on the fact that the shore could only be as far away as the longest rope."
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Engineering Experiment on Friction, 2002.
This paper tests the co-efficient of friction and how it differs when weight and surface type are changed.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
The folowing paper aims to find the force required to move blocks of different weights across different surfaces, thus finding a value for friction and comparing the results with that of a textbook and recording any differences. The conclusion found in this paper is that friction is directly proportional to the weight force applied and is measured in terms of the coefficient of friction, represented by the Greek letter mu (m).
From the Paper
"The coefficient of friction is the ratio of the frictional force present and the normal reaction to the mating surfaces and is represented as,
m = Ff ? Rn
Rn = Normal reaction, weight force
Fn = Frictional force
But may also be worked out by dividing the force required in Kg by the weight of the object. Eg the force required to move a 25Kg object is 5Kg so to work out the coefficient of the object we would divide 5 by 25 to give a coefficient of 0.2.
Because of this the surface area of the block is independent to that of the coefficient and is not needed when determining a value for friction.
The coefficient of wood against wood is 0.35 giving a relatively low value for friction whereas rubber against concrete is 0.8 meaning it would be hard to slide rubber on concrete. The coefficient can be greatly reduced if a lubricant of some sort is applied in between the surfaces as it forms a layer preventing the bumps on the surfaces rubbing together making it easier to slide the objects past each other."
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Heat Transfer and the Space Shuttle, 2002.
This paper was written to explain the Thermal Protective Systems (TPS) of the space shuttle to a non-scientific audience.
3,270 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 151.95
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Abstract
This paper talks about the ways in which the shuttle is designed to overcome basic heat transfer problems during launch, orbit and re-entry. The main points in this paper are the active and passive systems in the TPS and the history of the shuttle design.
From the Paper
"10...9...8...Patiently the Space Shuttle waits on the launch pad...7...6... everything is in place...5...4... all functions are working properly...3... the conditions are comfortable on the coast of Florida, and the temperature is nice and warm...2...1... IGNITION! (Figure #1) The sudden burn of the rockets jolts the humongous craft to life. As streams of flame shoot out its lower portion, the craft begins to inch skyward. In no time its speed has increased, and it begins hurtling through the air towards its mission. While still inside Earth's atmosphere, the airflow over the Shuttle begins to warm the craft's surface, until it becomes "white hot." Then, the craft breaks free of the atmosphere's restraints, plunging into the freezing void of outer space. The Space Shuttle must be able to withstand these temperature extremes and still accomplish its mission objectives. After the mission, as the craft returns to Earth, it again encounters tremendously high temperatures as it re-enters Earth's atmosphere. The Shuttle encounters a lot of atmospheric resistance and slows itself down through this phase, then finally glides to a comfortable rest at Edwards Air Force Base in sunny Southern California, where the astronauts and craft must prepare to begin the process all over again. These intense hot and cold extremes drive scientists and design engineers as they work to control the internal temperature of the space shuttle throughout the various phases of its journey. They do this by using many creative systems such as specially designed tiles and radiator systems, to both reflect and radiate heat that would otherwise be dangerous to the craft and crew."
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Integrated Urban Port and Harbor Planning, 2002.
A study into port planning as a multi-faceted project, with an environmental assessment and coast guard facilities.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 135.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how port planning involves technical, operational, economic, social and environmental aspects. The author shows how the projects range from terminal rehabilitation until altering the whole area into a communal park, involving several different aspects in economic, social, cultural, ethical and environmental goals.
From the Paper
"The Land Use Coding Manual has classified land use based on the people-oriented activities. A port or harbor should meet this expectance, that the land use should be maximized in a concentrated manufacturing center, which will give sufficient income not only to the harbor but also to the local people. In the more detailed plan, ports and harbors are usually planned to be the good housing and within convenient public access for cargo, shipping, fishing and docking business, and other related industries. Any decisions have to refer to support this goals, such as infrastructure development, providing effective traffic line in the area, closing less incompetent facilities and deciding which area will be the center of public, recreational, and/or manufacturing activities."
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