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Imaging of Brain Activation, 2003.
Discusses functional and future tools for the imaging of brain activation, exploring EEG, MEG, MRI, PET, and others.
6,100 words (approx. 24.4 pages), 56 sources, APA, AU$ 232.95
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Abstract
How the brain functions has been of great interest to man for centuries, and in the past few decades, technology has created tools to investigate this process. This paper provides an overview of the five major imaging modalities for brain function: EEG, MEG, MRI, PET, and SPECT. The paper discusses the technology, the applications, and the future applications, as well as explores the current issues in the area. The paper includes colored photographs and figures.
From the Paper
"Functional imaging tools in current use include electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Functional brain imaging is used to diagnose and track the treatment of various brain disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and other psychological disorders. Functional tools are also used in complex pre-surgical planning and surgical mapping. Issues in the literature relate to the removal of artifacts and increasing resolution. Future directions of the technologies include the combination of modalities, development of surgical planning methods, clinical applications in stroke research, and future uses in epilepsy."
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Engineering Building Techniques, 2004.
A focus on various software engineering techniques that can be employed during the development of a project.
4,564 words (approx. 18.3 pages), 17 sources, MLA, AU$ 191.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the designing and building of projects or software requires software engineers to analyze data input or data flow systematically, processing or transforming data, data storage, and information output, within the context of a particular business. It outlines various models, methods, and approaches that are currently being used by the software development industry and illustrates object-oriented techniques behind the building of software in association with Unified Modeling Language (UML). Emphasis is also made on the accessing of information through various scripting languages. It also explains the concept of the database and the information manipulation in a database.
From the Paper
"A very different approach to system development is object oriented system design. Object oriented techniques, which are based on object oriented programming concepts can help analysts respond to the organizational demands for new systems that must undergo continuous maintenance, adaptation and redesign. In object programming, objects are created that include not only code about data, but also interactions about operations to be performed on it. Operational prototypes are usually utilized during the design phase, often done via Rapid Application Development. Object Oriented Design makes use of objects, classes, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism."
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Superconductivity, 2003.
Examines how superconductivity is changing the playing field in the alternative energy field.
1,573 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
While the debate over fossil fuels and global warming continues, scientists are continuing their research into more efficient methods of providing a wide variety of applications, some of which are still being discovered. This paper provides a review and discussion concerning the current status of superconductivity, its existing applications and trends, and trends for the future. This paper includes two relevant graphics.
From the Paper
"Superconductivity consists of the complete disappearance of electrical resistance in various solids when they are cooled below a characteristic temperature. This temperature is called the transition temperature and it varies for different materials but it is generally cited at being below 20 K (-253? C). The phenomenon of superconductivity was first discovered in mercury by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911. However, similar behavior has been identified in approximately 25 other chemical elements (including lead and tin) and in thousands of alloys and chemical compounds. Oher materials that have been studied to within fractions of a degree of absolute zero have consistently demonstrated normal resistance to the flow of electric currents. The use of superconductors in magnets is constrained by the fact that strong magnetic fields above a certain critical value, depending upon the material, cause a superconductor to revert to its normal, or nonsuperconducting, state, even though the material is kept well below the transition temperature (Superconductivity, 2003)."
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The Solid State Physics of the Light Emitting Diode, 2002.
How LEDs work and their future.
2,006 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how light emitting diodes (LEDs) work, materials used to make them, their significance in everyday appliances, and what they may be used for in the future by employing new technologies. The full utility of these devices has not yet been realized; they are highly efficient and have many applications in illumination and storage technology. This paper ?sheds some light? on the many uses for this seemingly simple device.
From the Paper
"Before discussing semiconductors and semiconductor devices we should first cover the basics of conduction. Conductivity of a material is dependent on three factors. First is the number of charge carriers per unit volume or carrier density. Charge carriers can be electrons, holes or ions or any combination thereof. The second factor is the charge per carrier. This is typically measured in Coulombs so it is the elementary charge in the case of electrons and holes or is the charge of the ion in that case. The third factor is the charge mobility. This factor is a little more complicated and will be covered in more depth later. It is dependent, however, on acceleration of the carrier, dependent on electric field strength, and the average time between collisions, which is dependent on temperature and defect concentration. The conductivity is then the product of these three terms."
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Challenger Case Study: Lessons Learned, 2003.
An overview and analysis of NASA's work culture and the lessons learned from the space shuttle Challenger catastrophe.
1,307 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, like most tragic or unusual events in history, the 1986 NASA Challenger explosion offers a hindsight perspective of what ?went wrong? and what ?should have been done? to prevent the loss of lives.
From the Paper
"The United States? government, NASA officials, airspace scientists, engineers, educators, public interest groups, and the media alike, immediately jumped on the band wagon to explain the events that led up to the tragedy. President Reagan initiated an independent commission to investigate all of the parties involved, while NASA, the media, and the scientific community pointed fingers, called names, and ?explained away? with great political finesse the behavior and choices that ultimately led to explosion. Very much like the Salem Witch Hunt Trials, people were questioned and re-questioned concerning their thoughts and actions. Reporters, academicians, social scientists, culturalists, authors, and even, folk song writers, seized the moment to ?glean and explain? the events and the ?lessons learned.? The author, Diane Vaughan, is one of many, who attempted to offer, for a nominal fee of $20+ tax per copy, a ?cultural-contextual? explanation of people?s thoughts and behavior before and after the explosion. Based on the reading of Dr. Vaughan?s book as well as a review of other articles and reports, below is an outline of some of the ?lessons learned? from the Challenger accident."
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Implementing Lean Manufacturing Techniques, 2003.
Discusses the difficulties of implementing lean manufacturing techniques and the need for top management support if a company is to be successful in the implementation of the techniques.
1,451 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the increasing pressure on companies to produce more with fewer human resources. It looks at approaches to lean management techniques and the most successful process of implementation. The paper considers time and activity studies, both traditional methods and computer-based methods, and how, if done properly, they can be used effectively in the implementation of the lean manufacturing techniques.
From the Paper
"Companies today are expected to compete globally, meet higher standards, and increase profits, but often with fewer people and fewer resources. Striving to meet these seemingly impossible goals, organizations began to develop lean manufacturing techniques. To improve employee productivity, time and activity studies are conducted. There are traditional methods of gathering time information which is through the use of stopwatches and personal observations. However, technology has brought about new computer-based programs too. Whatever the way that a company may decide to conduct the studies, they first need to understand the benefits that motion and time studies can bring to their organization. After the time studies occur, the company should be able to successfully put into practice the results that the studies show."
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Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, 2003.
An overview of the examining board of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.
1,596 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, which is administered through a complex set of processes under the management of the U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. It looks at how it was set up as an opportunity to examine an organization critically and identify strengths and opportunities in order to improve the company's overall quality. In particular, it discusses how serving on the Baldrige Award committee can be a rewarding experience in someone?s career. Through the experience, people will be able to strengthen their ability to assess an organization, receive valuable training, and develop analytical and consensus building skills that can be applied to their own organization, as well as many others.
Outline
Introduction: How Did It Start
Criteria for Performance
Administration of the MBNQA
Board of Overseers
Board of Examiners
Judges
Senior Examiner
Examiner
The Selection Criteria
Criteria Expertise
Depth of Experience
Specialized Expertise
Examiner Skills
Final Selection of Members
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"This is the first of the three distinct groups. There are only a total of nine judges that oversee the entire process of administering the award. They must also help with the selecting examiners, review the scored applications, selecting the organizations to visit, and reviewing the results of the visit (Wadworth, p.109). Once that process is completed, they can select the organization to recommend for the Malcolm Baldrige Award. The judges are involved in the oversight of the entire process, but they do not actually get involved with the process until the many hours of work by the examiners are completed. Then it is left up to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce to make the final decision for the award after further background evaluations of the recommended organizations have been completed."
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Fire Prevention in the Oil Industry, 2003.
This paper talks about the importance of fire prevention in the oil industry and discusses many of the aspects of fire prevention.
5,820 words (approx. 23.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 225.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with an introduction stating why fire prevention is necessary. It then discusses the different classes of fires and provides information on the source of combustion and ignition of each class of fire. Next, the paper describes the common causes of fires in the oil industry and provides facts and statistics that support these claims. The paper also takes a closer look at electrical problems, malfunctions, and lightning strikes that cause fires. Training programs, types of fire alarms, and extinguishing methods are also discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations on fire prevention.
Causes Of Fires In Industry
Training Program
Fire-Alarm System
Automatic Sprinklers
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Fire protection in the gas and oil industry is extremely important. However, at the economic level, fire protection costs money to design, install and maintain. In business it is an overhead expense that does not produce income. Money for fire protection is often hard to come by and money for maintenance is often one of the first areas where costs are cut. Companies seem to be willing to take a positive chance that fire will not strike, rather than take a positive step to provide fire protection and control. If companies are frugal to spend money on fire protection, they should consider the best fire protection that is needed for their company. Fire protection is usually provided for different reasons. The first is that fire protection is required by local codes. Local codes are considered the minimum requirements that a company must provide to protect the surrounding community (Ignall, 1975, p.89). However, even though the building must comply with local legislative requirements, such compliance does not mean that the facility is fire safe or that production can be resumed after a fire occurs. Generally the local codes only protect the community from the plant, and if a fire does occur and does not kill or harm anyone or spread to other properties, the code has considered being able to do its job."
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Centennial Exposition, 2002.
An examination of the study of engineering and how the Centennial Exposition influenced it.
2,575 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the history of engineering education in the United States and the ways that engineering, and thus engineering schools, continue to improve life for each one of us. However, one cannot understand why engineering school began to assume greater and greater importance in the second half of the 19th century in the United States without considering the historical context of engineering and of engineering education. It shows how the Centennial Exposition of 1876 gave a boost to engineering education, but this was only because people were already prepared to reconsider the place of engineering in the United States.
From the Paper
"A decade in the planning, sprawling across 450 acres (and costing the then-unbelievable sum of over $11 million), the exposition welcomed over 10 million people. And the most popular draw to all visitors to the exposition was the was Machinery Hall, where viewers were given intimate glimpses into the working models of steam engines and dynamos. The exposition was in many ways a boosterish celebration of the coming of age of the United States as an world industrial power ? and the impression that this display made on both universities and young people was substantial. "The Centennial Exposition in 1876 in Philadelphia was responsible for a national quickening in mechanical matters and for a growing sense of latent power,? wrote Frederick Remsen Hutton in the 1915 A History of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers from 1880 to 1915."
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?EIFS?, 2004.
An overview of exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS) and their trade organization, EIFS Industry Members Association (EIMA).
1,328 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines EIFS, the generic name for a building cladding that usually consists of plastic insulation board, glass fiber reinforcing mesh, and two-coat synthetic stucco surface. It shows how EIFS have enjoyed tremendous popularity because of several advantages, among them, low cost and excellent insurance value and how architects like the design flexibility of the systems, which allow a variety of shapes and surfaces textures to be used on projects with tight budgets. It also looks at how today, the various companies are represented by a trade organization called EIFS Industry Members Association (EIMA), which publishes guideline specifications, technical notes, and other useful information about the product.
From the Paper
"The design of an EIFS clad wall must give consideration to all of the loads on the wall assembly. It is crucial for a designer to review and consider the major performance variables that will affect the wall assembly, including; climate, relative exposure of the facades, defining the plane of air tightness, vapor control, rain penetration control and the placement and amount of thermal insulation. It is also crucial to consider the durability and serviceability of the exterior facades. Beyond these decisions that may affect the design of an EIFS clad wall, there must be project-specific details that address all terminations and penetrations in the EIFS, as well as elements within the EIFS. To properly implement these details, a mock-up of the wall assembly should be constructed and reviewed prior to construction."
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| Essay # 45927 |
temporarily unavailable
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ISO 9000, 2003.
A look at the origins of ISO 9000 and its uses in the business world today.
2,017 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how ISO 9000, the International Organization for Standardization certificate, is implemented in business worldwide. It examines the history and origins of this organization and explains why it is important to consumers.
From the Paper
"Proof of a quality system usually cannot only rely on the company??s internal quality measurements. This can prove to be bias and untrue, so companies look for a third-party certification program that will show proof if the company actually does have a quality system in place. ??Up until a few years ago, there were no viable third-party certification schemes available (Tricker, p.10).?? However, with an increase in demand for quality assurance, during all stages of the manufacturing process, there began the requirement for businesses to have a recognized set of standards. Having the proper third-party certification program can offer the ability to have a set of standards for company??s worldwide to be compared to. The third-party certification program can let other companies know that there is a set of testable standards in place that can be trusted. It can also provide confidence to a consumer that the certified company has a high-quality system for their manufacturing processes."
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Wind Power, 2003.
A look at why wind power is a better economic and environmental bargain than the non-renewable energy sources we use now.
949 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
Wind power could be the wave of the future; however, it hasn't been utilized to even a small percentage of its full potential. In this essay, the advantages of wind power are explored, and concerns about the transition to this form of energy are addressed.
From the Paper
"It is the year 2003, and Americans are in a crisis. This predicament is much greater than the obvious issues currently plaguing this country. The threat of terrorism and our economic recession might be setbacks to the nation?s progress, but the United States of America?s dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear power is alarming. Even when scientific advancements have been made concerning the harnessing of renewable and perpetual resources for energy, especially wind power, it is highly neglected. Although it has been used in several states, wind energy has still faced opposition and hasn?t been used to its full potential, even though it is the better bargain in the long run."
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The Snowy Mountain Hydro-Electric Scheme, 2003.
A look at the history behind and the success of the Snowy Mountains hydro - electric scheme.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Snowy Mountains hydro-electric scheme was Australia?s largest engineering project ever and how it took 25 years to build with strong multi-cultural work force that included thirty different countries, some being European immigrants made homeless by the Second World War. Its purpose was to divert the largely untapped waters of the Snowy and Tumit into the Murrumbidgee River.
Outline
Introduction
What was the Lead Up to the Snowy Hydroelectric Scheme?
Why Can the Snowy Mountain Hydroelectric Scheme be Considered Such a Success?
From the Paper
"For many years during the dry farmers looked up to the snow capped mountains and watched much of the Snowy and other rivers flow, unexploited into the oceans but it was not until 1944 that the idea of a irrigation/power scheme was viably put forward. Later on in 1947 the Commonwealth, New South Wales and Victorian Governments formed a technical committee to explore viable uses for the Snowy River. In 1949 the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Power Act formed a Snowy Mountains Authority, which was put in charge of the daunting task of designing, building and running a duel Power and Irrigation project."
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Modular Robots, 2002.
A survey paper on the enhancement of robotic technology by the development of modular reconfigurable robots.
3,814 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 169.95
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Abstract
Conventional robots have always been thought to be humanoid in form or as advanced computerized machines working on the shop floor. This has been so because the tasks given to the robot have been predefined and the terrain predictable and helpful. But in cases where both mission and geography are unknown, the ability to change in shape could be of very great value, since the robots could adapt to constantly changing tasks and systems. The paper shows that modular reconfigurable robots, made by interconnnecting multiple, simple and similar units, can perform such shape shifting. The paper describes how such types of high-utility robots are being developed in many research labs around the world, with one already in the experimental stage at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in California. It is postulated that systems of this kind would be useful for remote autonomous operations, particularly in hostile environments, such as under the sea, at a scene of natural disaster, and on other planets. This paper externalizes the development in design and technology of such modular robots and also highlights their various applications.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Development of Reconfigurable Robots
Three Types of Reconfigurable Robots
Programming Perplexities
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Each module contains a Motorola PowerPC 555 embedded processor with 1 megabyte of external RAM. This is a relatively powerful processor to have on every module and its full processing power has not yet been utilized. The final goal of full autonomy may require the use of these processors and memory. Each module communicates over a local bus within chains of segments using the (controller area network) CANbus standard. The six sided nodes will have switching and routing capability to pass messages from segment chain to segment chain."
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The Narmada Dam Project, 2002.
Examines the Narmada Dam Project in India as a case in the arguments for and against dam building.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 19 sources, AU$ 173.95
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Abstract
Throughout the 20th century, dam building to improve irrigation and produce hydroelectricity was considered a key component of development. It was undertaken universally from the United States to China and from the Arctic to the Equator. Despite decades of construction, the debate over the environmental impact and net cost-benefit of dams persists. The following discussion will focus on the Narmada Project in India. It is one of the largest hydro developments in the world. The current official plan calls for 30 major dams and 3,135 others on India's fifth largest and only westward flowing river system.
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