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Silica Aerogel, 2001.
This paper gives an overview of aerogels, with a focus on those made from silica and their household uses.
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at aerogel, a lightweight material that is a cross between gel and air, whose superb physical, mechanical,and optical properties make it useful for high-tech applications, such as insulating the Mars rover. In particular, it explores how future uses extend to household applications, such as clear, insulating windows and sunroofs. It discusses the physical, mechanical, and optical properties of silica aerogels, as well as their general method of preparation and their applications.
Outline
What are Aerogels?
What Makes Aerogel a Super Material?
How are Aerogels Prepared?
Applications of Aerogel
From the Paper
"A material that closely resembles aerogel, called xerogel, may be prepared at home or in the laboratory. The process will not require a high-pressure vessel as is in preparing aerogels. The simplest way to make a xerogel is to form a variety of gels and leave them out in the air to dry. Ordinary gelatin may be used for this purpose. Silica xerogels, however, may be prepared using sodium silicate gel-forming liquid. This is commonly used as a lubricant and is available at pharmacies. Xerogels are much denser than aerogels but provide some of the same high-temperature insulation."
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Sound Reinforcement, 2004.
An overview of the role of the live sound engineer in implementing sound reinforcement.
1,813 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the term sound reinforcement refers to the strategic use of microphones and loudspeakers to project the sound of a band, theatre production or conference speaker across to an audience. It examines how it is necessary for a sound engineer, working in any area of sound reinforcement - from the front of house engineer in a large concert hall, to the stage manager at a theatre ? to have the confidence and knowledge required to problem solve quickly in the event of equipment failure, and keep the programme on track.
From the Paper
"The term impedance matching is used when concerning the interconnection of loudspeaker drivers and power amplifiers, to achieve maximum power transfer. At this stage in the signal chain, it is very important to appreciate that the load impedance of the speaker (the whole cabinet, not just the driver itself) must match closely the source impedance (the rated output impedance of the power amp). If the source impedance is significantly higher than that of the speaker, the amplifier could overheat, or its automatic protection circuitry could cause it to cut out. Neither of these conclusions would be much good during a live performance."
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Project Management, 2004.
Talks about how to manage and implement a project for maintaining and repairing large, above-ground and underground tanks.
2,162 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This report outlines the management cycle of a project that deals with the inspection of tanks and the determination of the structural integrity of the tanks. The report explains the need for inspections, the possible problems that can arise with above-ground and underground storage tanks, how to create a schedule for inspection, maintenance, and repair of the tanks, and how to implement the project schedule.
From the Paper
"The project developed for the purpose of this report deals with the inspection of tanks and the determination of the structural integrity of the tank for a pre-defined service-life. The tanks that are considered for these inspections are used to store chemicals, petroleum and petroleum by-products. Almost all manufacturing and production organizations maintain a few tanks on their locations to ensure steady supply of the products as and when needed. These tanks are not considered the core business for these organizations and often an external contractor may be responsible for the day-to-day running operations and the periodic maintenance that may be required to maintain the tanks. Tanks used for storage of liquids are generally of two categories: Aboveground Storage Tanks (AST) and Underground Storage Tanks (UST.) The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and the Environmental Protection agency along with the American Petroleum Institute (API) determine the guidelines by which these tanks need to be inspected, repaired and tested prior to usage."
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Route 55: An Ecological Quagmire, 2004.
A look at some of the environmental and engineering concerns related to New Jersey's most controversial highway project.
2,121 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the expansion of the Route 55 freeway in southern New Jersey has been a source of controversy in terms of the environment, due to wetlands, urban sprawl, pollution, and degradation. It discusses how opponents of the project cite environmental concerns, whereas others say that there could also be many environmental concerns with not building the roadway. It looks at both sides of the story and how those that built the original portion could not foresee the quagmire that would result from it.
From the Paper
"When the freeway was completed, it was 20 miles short of its intended goal; the highway ended at a surface route northwest of the intended terminus at Route 9 in Cape May Court House. In 1975, an environmental assessment was done on the missing link and it was determined that not only would it encroach on wetlands regions and forests, but it would take 20 years to complete and would cost more that the existing section of the freeway alone; needless to say, this project was subsequently abandoned. However, in 2001, the project was revived by governor Donald DiFrancesco, who supported a $500 million plan to construct the missing link, and in 2003, the state passed a resolution allowing the project to get underway amidst much controversy (Anderson 3-4)."
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Office Ergonomics, 2004.
Research paper on ergonomic design of an office cubicle.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
Ergonomics is matching the job to the worker and the product to the user. This research paper provides the reader with an understanding of office ergonomics and how complicated just one cubicle can be. The paper also stresses the importance of ergonomics in the office and all the hazards that it can prevent. Much can be gained from the proper use of office ergonomics, including higher productivity and fewer safety injuries. Many different organizations are referenced in this paper to give the reader the most accurate information regarding office ergonomics.
From the Paper
"The cubicle, in all its glory, represents the modern day workspace for many workers and creates many frustrations. Technology has had an overpowering effect on the way we work today. As a result, we are spending more time at our desks and using a computer, leading to an increased number of ergonomic related issues. In this section, the author will discuss the hazards, dangers, and risks associated with poor office ergonomics. These include musculoskeletal disorders, sharp edges, pinch points, eye strain, poor posture, fatigue, noise pollution and emotional stress cause by working in a cubicle."
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Structural Failure Due to Fire, 2004.
Explains the process by which a structure collapses from fire and talks about what can be done to slow the collapse.
2,057 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper gives a complete explanation of structural failure caused by fire. The paper provides statistics about fires, describes current fireproofing and fire retardant technology, and flame retardant materials. In addition, the paper focuses on the individual measures and technological advancements made to the individual structural members, which can extend their life when exposed to heat and flame.
From the Paper
"The rate at which a structure experiences deformation and loss of structural integrity leading to building collapse does not proceed along a straight line. The Figure 1 below illustrates that during the three stages of a fire, 1) ignition and growth, 2) full development, and 3) decay, the rate at which the building will sustain loss increases as time increases. The longer a building is exposed to the fire, the more rapidly the structure moves from the stable, static system toward the dynamic state in which member failure, and structural collapse if imminent. For this reason, the technology of fire prevention focuses on prolonging the stable period of the individual members by reducing the effects of the fire on each individual member."
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Reverse Engineering and Its Social Implications, 2004.
A comprehensive analysis of reverse engineering and its potential impact on American society in the future.
2,888 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 119.95
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Abstract
An increasingly common phrase being bandied about today is ?reverse engineering.? The U.S. Supreme Court has defined reverse engineering as starting with the known product and working backward to divine the process that aided in its development or manufacture. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of precisely what reverse engineering is, how it is being used today, and what the implications of the technique may be for the future. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"According to McGonagle and Vella (1996), in reverse engineering, a company takes apart a product and examines how it was assembled, what it cost, and what the entire package and its components tell us about the competition and its activities. ?Typically, the customers of reverse engineering are those in product development and engineering. The time horizon is always retrospective, since the company is looking at what has already been done, and the targets are competitors, direct and sometimes indirect? (McGonagle & Vella, 1996, p. 17)."
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Selling Nuclear Technology, 2004.
Addresses the question of whether the U.S. should continue selling nuclear technology to other countries.
1,031 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the pros and cons of selling U.S. nuclear technology to other countries. The paper pays particular attention to the history and ramifications of the continued sale of nuclear technology.
From the Paper
"For these companies, the reasons are economic. Domestic demand for nuclear technology has decreased drastically in the environmentally conscious 1990s. Many nuclear energy companies were thus forced to look elsewhere to market their technologies. An official at the ABB Combustion Engineering, for example, states that the survival of many such companies rely on their ability to open plants in China -- a move that could generate at least $40 billion for the beleaguered industries."
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The New York City Blackout of 1977, 2004.
An analysis of the 1977 New York blackout from an engineering standpoint.
1,544 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the events of the summer of 1977 when New York City was struck by a massive blackout. It questions who was responsible and explains that combinations of factors range from an act of God and tightly coupled events. In the end, the fault lay with a simple system operator.
From the Paper
"In the hot July summer of 1977, the lights went out in New York City. With the city completely black, thousands of people took to the streets, looting and setting hundreds of fires. Only after twenty-five grueling hours was the power finally restored. By then, New York had endured over a billion dollars in damages. It is important to learn from this accident so that the mistakes from the past are not repeated. While a combination of ?an act of God,? (Casey 196), tightly coupled events, and operator error all contributed to the failure, most of the fault can be placed in the hands of the operator."
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Sunoco, 2004.
An analysis of the company, Sunoco, or the Sun Oil Company.
2,311 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a financial analysis of publicly listed company, Sunoco (SUN). The paper presents details of its major competitors, industry analysis, and employees, as well as recent financial figures. The paper points out that, while the company has had success in recent years, its size is miniscule when compared with the major players in the industry.
From the Paper
"The company netted $241 million in refining and $66 million from retail operations in the current nine-month period versus ? $79 million and $8 million in the first nine months of last year, accounting for the especially attractive P/E ratio. This was mainly due to higher retail gasoline margins of 52 million dollars. These margins averaged 10 cents per gallon during the first nine months of 2003, up 2.8 cents per gallon compared to same period last year. Distillate margins of five million contributed to a $7 million growth in sales. One of the company?s leading retailers is the Speedway chain of retail gas stations, which operates many of Sunoco?s retail stores."
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Synthetic Diamonds, 2004.
This paper discusses the industrial and gemstone capacities of synthetic diamonds.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 20 sources, MLA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that synthetic diamonds have the same unique qualities as natural diamonds, hardness, density, superlative strength, and thermal conductivity. The author points out that synthetic diamonds are created in a laboratory, avoiding the high costs of mining, transportation, foreign taxes, and tariff issues. The paper relates that the future of synthetic diamonds is limitless, especially their use as radiation sensors, light emitters, and unwettable coatings.
From the Paper
"In addition to the time saved, there is also a cost issue. Natural diamonds are produced in a limited number of countries, including Australia, Botswana, Russia, and Congo Republic. There is only one mine found in the United States. Since Americans are the consumers of over 50 percent of the world?s diamonds, this produces a costly problem. The costs of mining in foreign countries are high. According to De Beers mine, a leading producer of natural diamonds in South America, 250 tons of ore would need to be excavated to find one stone that would be large enough to equal a one-carat diamond."
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Three Fighters, 2003.
A report on three aircraft fighters in the U.S. Air Force, the F/A-18 Hornet, the F-15 Eagle, and the F-4 Phantom.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
The United States has a fleet of fighter planes, which makes its air force one of the best in the world. This paper is a summary of facts surrounding the history and capabilities of three of the finest fighters in the U.S. Air Force, namely, the F/A-18 Hornet, the F-4 Phantom, and the F-15 Eagle. The paper includes pictures and diagrams of all three aircraft.
From the Paper
"The F-15 Eagle has a variety of weaponry; these include everything from 6 barrel cannon with 140 rounds of ammunition to air-to-air missiles. A multimission avionic system sets the F-15 apart from other aircrafts. It includes a head up display, advanced radar, inertial navigation system, instrument landing system, ultra-high frequency communication, flight instruments, and a tactical navigation system."
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The Bathroom, 2004.
This paper presents an extensive discussion of the history, design, and future of the bathroom and sanitation engineering.
8,865 words (approx. 35.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 259.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the first known bathtub was found in Greece in the great palace of Knossos and included impressive technologies that provided water for the tub, including a system of interlocking terra-cotta pipes. The author believes that the function of the bathroom needs to be pushed to a new extreme, allowing people, spaces, and domestic functions new potentials for hybrid activities. The paper relates that a complete home plumbing system requires three distinct networks of pipes: water supply lines, which carry water under pressure; a network of drain pipes, which works entirely by gravity; and a network of pipes, which serves to maintain equal air pressure throughout the drainpipe so that the flow proceeds without interference.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of Bathing
Evolution of Sanitation
History of Water Closets
Environmental Aspects
Public Health Aspects
Basic Components of Modern Bathrooms
Toilet or Flush
Sinks
Tubs and Showers
Storage
Ventilation
Natural Lighting
Special Effects with Plants
Appropriate Plants for the Bath
Hydroponics
Spirituality
Landscape of Bathing and Relaxing
Metroscape
Artificial versus Real
The New Landscape in Metro Area
Water Supply Service
Purification
Boosting by Pump
Boosting by Pressure Cylinder Water Pump
Drainage
Vents and Traps
The Ideal Living, the Bathroom in New Product Design Context
The Future of the Bathroom Is Here
From the Paper
"In fact, until the mid-nineteenth century, streets were used as refuse dumping grounds, domestic animals roamed the streets and rodents ran rampant. Cesspools were located near houses and buildings, reeking and spreading germs. The Industrial Revolution and discoveries such as the germ theory brought about major changes in approach, raising the standard of living and ending serious epidemics. By 1900, improved nutrition, better sanitation, and, especially, contributions from bacteriologists increased life expectancy at birth by almost six years to age 47.3."
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The Hoover Dam, 2004.
This paper is the story of the building of the Hoover Dam, which is, in a sense, the story of the building of America.
3,720 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that when America?s leaders began to develop ideas for how best to tap into the natural resources in the vast, sprawling Western lands, they didn?t shrink from thinking splendid thoughts on a grand, colossal scale, which resulted in the building of Hoover Dam. The paper details the history of how the mighty Colorado River, ?America?s most dangerous river,? became the conduit for the annual production of 10 billion kilowatt-hours of electrical energy. The author believes that the story of how the Hoover Dam was built is a demonstration of how, today, jobs could be created, positive projects could be constructed, and the future could be made stronger and brighter.
Table of Contents
Thesis
Introduction
Background Colorado River Facts
The Early History of the River
Floods Create Havoc along the Southern Banks of the Colorado
Selecting a Site and Working out Water Rights for the Dam
Legal and Political Problems
The Hoover Dam Project Begins in Earnest
Living Conditions for the Workers
Deaths during Construction of Hoover Dam
The Specific Strategy to Tame the Colorado River
Specific Numbers and Data
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The building of the dam was not only a much-needed flood control and electrical generating endeavor but also a job-producing project in the midst of the Great Depression. There were 5,218 men working on the dam at the peak of construction, men who desperately needed work in very rough economic times. With a monthly payroll of some $750,000, that worked out to around $145 per month per man. The men ate at a mess hall that fed 1,300 workers at a time. It cost each single man $1.60 per day for food, housing, and transportation to and from the dam site. For married men, the cost for a small, unfurnished house ran between $15 and $50 a month."
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Urban Sprawl, 2004.
A study of the growing size and number of urban dwelling areas or cities around the world.
4,009 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 151.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the increasing phenomena of urban sprawl. The paper begins by trying to define what urban living is and concludes that it is a movement of segmented civilization away from a steadily de-popularized city center, into new, but nearby, insular developments that,nonetheless, rely on and interact with the mother city to a degree that serves to distinguish them from being entirely new, city-type entities. The writer uses the neighborhood of Hough in Cleveland as a typical example of an urban area and shows the make-up and design of this type of area. The paper includes a discussion of the issues that affect urban life, including race, politics, social issues, economic issues, and education.
From the Paper
"The colors of urban sprawl are undeniably clear, visible from even casual experience and from statistics. Not all the number laundering in the world can hide the fact that the majority of those left in the urban centers are poor and black, and that the majority in the new suburbs are upper-class and white, and that the middle suburbs show a largely segregated gradient. The easiest conclusion to draw is the one drawn by many activists and social critics suggesting that the white majority oppresses and segregates the black minority to keep them poor. One might easily assume that the driving force in urban sprawl was the desire to keep cities segregated. ?In reality the residential mosaic is shaped in part by a combination of economic forces and group preferences, and it is simplistic to assume the driving force to be clearly racial animus.? (Clark, 3) However, race is a huge consideration in the creation of urban sprawl."
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Quantitative Methodology, 2004.
A look at the difference between quantitative and qualitative methodology.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the strengths of quantitative research, while also touching on the strengths of qualitative research, arguing that there is no single right way to do research. It argues that the preferences of the researcher, along with the constraints of the data, should guide the researcher into choosing the research design that is most suited for the project at hand.
From the Paper
"The researcher setting to conquer a new field of knowledge must make a series of decisions from the very beginning of the research that will determine what type of data ? and answers ? he or she will find. In most cases, the very first decision that a researcher must make in deciding to carry out a piece of research is the choice between qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Although there is no reason why the two cannot be combined to pursue creative and powerful research (an in fact the tendency to combine qualitative and quantitative methods is becoming more and more common) it remains the case that most researchers and therefore most pieces of research are based almost entirely upon either qualitative or quantitative work. The choice between these two is important because they reflect entirely different underlying epistemologies and research philosophies. The values of quantitative research and the ways in quantitative research might best be used are explored in this paper."
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