| Papers [193-208] of 428 :: [Page 13 of 27] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 —> | |
|
|
Forecasting Methods, 2004.
An overview of some of the various forecasting methods and their uses.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how the various forecasting methods have their differences and similarities. Some are based on hard data, such as past sales figures and surveys, while another may simply use assumptions. It looks at how, with the ever changing market trends careful considerations must be given to any style of forecasting that is used and how the type of forecast method used depends on which area of the market a company is in.
Outline
Time Series
Causal Forecasting
Delphi Method
Forecast Comparisons
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The clothing industry utilizes forecasting methods that contain both assumptions and past data. Clothing styles change on a regular basis and rely on one constant, what is pleasing to the public's eye. Over the past few decades clothing styles focus on the amount of skin that is reviled and how the cloths show off the body's figure. Many people feel that wearing a certain outfit they saw in a magazine or commercial will look just as good on themselves. In other words: the clothes make the person. Some people believe that people who are obese or have very bad skin should not be wearing garments such as mini-skirts, plunging neck lines, shorts or mid-drifts. "
| |
|
Government Intervention and Energy Services, 2005.
A view of government intervention in providing energy services and delivery to the public through private enterprise.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 27 sources, APA, AU$ 121.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The conversion of energy into power has progressed to this day as large corporations comply with governmental regulations that seek to ensure that enough electricity is provided to meet customer demand at a fair price. Energy service and delivery companies have provided shareholder growth through acquisitions and mergers and by cutting costs and integrating systems. This paper shows that the federal government intervenes to protect customers and investors through several commissions and agencies, primarily through the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) under the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 and the more recent Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The states' Public Service Commissions regulate and monitor utility prices, service quantity and quality and can prosecute firms guilty of price discrimination. The paper shows that local governments are mainly concerned with the taking of property through eminent domain, pollution control and regional resources. Although government continues in the direction of deregulating the industry, the regulatory reporting requirements have created numerous jobs in the areas of accounting, reporting, and compliance. The paper explains that computer systems, applications, and products in data processing (SAP) help to maximize resources and assist greatly in data management and government reporting compliance.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Brief History of the Utilities Industry
Service and Delivery Territorial Boundaries
Welcome to Energy East
Energy East's Territory
A recent report on Energy East
Government Intervention in the Energy Services & Delivery Industry
Brief History
Federal Government Intervention
The Federal Energy and Regulatory Commission (FERC)
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Regulations Regarding Stocks, Bonds and Derivatives
State & Local Government Intervention
Key Government Legislation Affecting the Industry
Public Holding Company Act of 1935
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and Government Reporting Requirements
Establishing and Maintaining Effective Reporting Systems
Systems, Applications, Products in Data Processing (SAP)
Communicating with SEC Officials
Conclusion
Career Opportunities
References
From the Paper
"Federal, state and regional governments collaborate in controlling electricity prices and the supply of electricity because a price or demand increase in one regional area affects electricity costs and supply of nearby regional areas. One region's energy crisis can have a spill over effect into other states and may spread across the country. This became apparent in California when there was not enough supply to meet the demand during California's deregulation of public utilities as California turned to neighboring regional areas to purchase additional power. When other states refused to sell electricity to California in their crisis because of risk factors, a government emergency order saved them by requiring out-of-state companies to sell power to that region (Bonsor, 2001). Power outages can spread as they too can have spill over effects onto other regions. This happened in the summer of 2003 when New York City up through Canada experienced a massive black out."
| |
|
Smart Materials, 2005.
This paper discusses smart materials and the way these materials are used in various areas of technology and in civil engineering.
4,885 words (approx. 19.5 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 150.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that smart materials are devices, which can sense various stimuli from outer environment such as thermal, electrical and magnetic changes and can respond accordingly; basically, they are materials that sense and respond like living things. The author points out that two families of passive seismic control devices exploiting the peculiar properties of SMA kernel components have been implemented and tested within the MANSIDE project (Memory Alloys for New Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation Devices: Special braces for framed structures and isolation devices for buildings and bridges. The paper states that, with these smart materials, engineers are able to build the best and safest structures where possible catastrophic changes in the environment are sensed and precautions are taken directly. 10 figures.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What is a Smart Material?
Types of Smart Materials
Classification Based on Input
Electrical Fields
Thermal Fields
Magnetic Fields
Comparison Based on Output
Strain
Changes in Other Properties
Applications
In Civil Engineering
Uses of Shape Memory Alloys
Smart Concrete
In Other Areas
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first experimental demonstration of the piezoelectric properties in relation to crystal structure was published in 1880 by Pierre and Jacques Curie. This effect was considered quite important and was referred to as "piezoelectricity" in order to distinguish it from other areas of scientific phenomenological experience such as "pyroelectricity" (electricity generated from crystals by heating). As an aside, piezoelectrics also tend to be pyroelectrics. The Curie brothers did not predict that crystals exhibiting the direct piezoelectric effect (electricity from applied stress) would also exhibit the converse piezoelectric effect (stress in response to applied electric field). This property was mathematically deduced and hypothesized by Lippmann in 1881. The Curies then confirmed the existence of the converse effect, and continued on to obtain quantitative proof of the complete reversibility of mechanical deformations in piezoelectric crystals."
| |
|
Alternative Fuel Vehicles, 2005.
This paper recommends the use of hybrid automobiles, alternative fuel vehicles, in the case of Lotus Rent-a-Car in America.
2,030 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that hybrid cars are any vehicle, which combines two or more sources of power such as a gasoline engine, fuel tank, electric motor, generator, batteries and a transmission. The author points out that Honda introduced hybrid cars, the Honda Insight, which was created to increase fuel economy and reduce emissions, to the public in the United States in 1999. The paper states that hybrid vehicles with high gas mileage and low emission, the alternative vehicles of the future, are now available on the market; there are several types of hybrids available from the standard economical cars Toyota Prius and the Honda Accord to the SUV, Toyota Highlander and Ford Escape and as an option in the luxury SUV, Lexus Rx 400.
From the Paper
"Since 1999, car companies have put alternative fuel cars and hybrid cars on the market in the United States. Some of these cars are fully electric; these cars need to be recharged at the end of the day. Some of the cars available are a combination of an electric and gas motor; these are known as hybrid cars. These motor vehicles are the most popular on the road now. The engine is started from a gas-powered engine. Once the car is moving the electric and gas power engine propels the vehicle forward, maximizing the consumer's gas mileage. There are also vehicles that use fuel cells, which are cells that change fuels into electrical energy. Many different fuels can be changed into electrical energy, fuels such as hydrogen, methanol, natural gas, and gasoline. These fuel cells never need to be recharged, only need to be refueled. Fuel cell cars are not in major production in America."
| |
|
Bridge Management, 2004.
This paper is an extensive discussion of a systems approach to decision- making in bridge management systems worldwide, especially in the UK.
19,945 words (approx. 79.8 pages), 43 sources, APA, AU$ 302.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that, inevitably, bridges deteriorate over time at different rates: Timely maintenance activities, which are well-planned and carried out with minimal disruption to road users can present substantial savings in terms of both time and money for both bridge owners and road users. The author ponts out that, to tackle the complicated issues regarding bridge management, research activities in the UK as well as other countries in continental Europe concentrate largely on the bridge management process, with attention given to improving the use of limited finances to maximize the returns from the maintenance and repair of the bridge stock as well as reduce additional costs due to traffic delays and lane closures for these activities. The paper includes a critical review of other BMSs used worldwide, development of models to predict bridge condition over time, analysis of the various road user costs and using different optimizing techniques to best allocate finances and optimize bridge performance. 39 tables. 40 figures.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Objective
Bridge Conditions in the U.K.
Introduction
Maintenance and Upgrading
Expenditure
Department of Transport (DoT) Programme
What is a Bridge Management System (BMS)?
Introduction
Department of Transport Structure
Maintenance Agents
BMS in the U.K. and Other Countries
Introduction
Bridge Condition
Other Information in BMS's
Condition Prediction
Cost Models
Decision for Maintenance and Repair
Prioritization
BMS in the U.S.A.
BRIDGIT System
PONTIS System
SMIS System
Inventory
Inspection and Assessment
National Structures Programmes (NSPs)
Prioritization
Project Creation
Whole Life Assessment and Costing
Activities Schedule
Data Accuracy
Design Specifications
Access
Integration with External Systems
Bridge Inspection and Assessment
Bridge Inspection Types
Defects
Bridge Scoring
Introduction
Definitions
Bridge Condition Score (BCS)
Bridge Condition Index (BCI)
Bridge Stock Condition Index (BSCI)
Multi Span Bridges
Bridge Scoring Example
Interpreting BCS's
BCS Results
Histograms for Bridge Stock
Interpreting BCI's
BCI Results
Interpreting BSCI's
Predicting Bridge Condition with Time
Introduction
Markov Chain Approach
Example Calculation
Bridge Condition Example
Bridge Condition Results
Bridge Aggregation Example
Bridge Aggregation Results
Bridge Stock Example
Bridge Stock Results
Traffic Costs
Introduction
Traffic Count Example
Traffic Count Results
Traffic Delay Cost Examples
Delay Costs Results (1st Example)
Delay Costs Results (2nd Example)
Accident Cost Example
Accident Costs Results
Environmental Impact
Introduction
Emissions Example
Emissions Results
Decision-Making and Prioritization
Decision-making
Introduction
Prioritization
Introduction
Dynamic Programming
Budget Allocation Approach
Budget Allocation Results (1st Example)
Budget Allocation Results( 2nd Example)
Budget Allocation Results ( 3rd Example)
Improvements to Budget Allocation Approach
Introduction to BCI optimization approach
Service Potential (BCI) Examples
BCI Optimization Results (1st Example)
BCI Optimization Results (2nd Example)
BCI Optimization Results (3rd Example)
Maintenance Costs Examples
BCI Optimization Results (4th Example)
BCI Optimization Results (5th Example)
BCI Optimization Results (6th Example)
Conclusion
Future Research
From the Paper
"It is proposed that the transition probabilities to be used are the Bridge Condition Index (BCI), which operates on a linear scale of 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The degree of severity of bridges is linearly distributed over this range (i.e. BCI of 50 to 51 is the same as 90 to 91), except that costs are expected not to have a linear distribution. This is a useful approach as the BCI (average) is interpreted as 'service potential' and is used as a performance indicator.
Using the example for multi span bridges earlier on, the transition probabilities for a three-state Markov chain model with limiting stage value of 3 is proposed. The probabilities are in accordance to the BCI values for the 'good' bridge arranged in order of descending magnitude (i.e. P(1) = 0.9845 and P(2) = 0.9246). For the purposes of comparison, the other two bridges ('medium' and 'bad') are also modelled and the three are plotted together."
| |
|
The Wright Brothers and Flight, 2004.
A discussion about the discovery of the airplane by the Wright brothers.
1,681 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 66.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This essay provides a short biography of Orville and Wilbur Wright and their invention of the airplane early last century. The paper explains that the airplane was a technical mystery for many years, but relying on each other's strengths, they worked very well as a team to solve the problems. It concludes that even though the brothers were not formally educated, they succeeded in inventing one of the most revolutionary technologies of all time.
From the Paper
"The Wrights' growing local reputation as skillful cyclists and mechanics led to many requests from friends to fix their bicycles. In 1893 they capitalized on the situation and opened a small rental and repair shop. Their bicycle business provided them with an adequate and enjoyable living, an upstanding reputation in the local business community, and an outlet for their mechanical interests. Knowledge and experience with bicycles also proved valuable to the Wrights' development of a successful airplane."
| |
|
Hobart?s Funnies: World War II and D-Day, 2005.
A look at the life and success of the technical innovations of Percy Hobart during World War II.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 69.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how Major General Hobart was given an assigned task during World War II to develop some of the most unusual pieces of military equipment ever seen. It looks at how Hobart and his division designed tanks that were named "Hobart's Funnies" and how among these specialized tanks were the Bobbin, Crab, Fascine, Small Box Girder, Crocodile, AVRE Recovery vehicle, ARC Mark II, Bulldozer and the DD Tank. It shows how these tanks were important because they helped the Allies overcome German obstacles and made a huge difference in the D-Day operations.
From the Paper
"Percy Hobart graduated from the Royal Military Academy in 1904 where he was commissioned into the Royal Engineers. He served in India, France, and Iraq during World War I, where he gained the respect of his comrades and became know as a "Brilliant but independent-minded officer". Hobart believed that tanks were the future of ground warfare and joined the brand-new Royal Tank Corps in 1923. He then became a Colonel in 1928 and in 1934 he formed and gained command of the 1st Tank Brigade, where he began to develop new tank tactics in the content of mobile warfare. "
| |
|
TQM (Total Quality Management), 2004.
An analysis of TQM (total quality management) and other quality tools.
2,188 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 83.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In support of TQM, this essay goes in depth to define TQM, describe various functions of TQM and applies it to today's business world. As technology and production vastly improved over the past decade, the need for quality process improvements became apparent more than ever. The paper shows practical applications of TQM today (with examples) and also briefly describes various quality awards.
From the Paper
"The major new element in world market competition is quality and maintaining that level of quality. During the 1970's and 1980's, the Japanese and their U.S. companies demonstrated that high quality is achievable at lower costs and greater customer satisfaction. It was the result of using the management principles of total quality management (TQM), continuous process improvements (CPI) and quality improvement tools. More and more U.S. companies have demonstrated that such achievements are possible using TQM as a new way to manage. Such companies also found that they were recognized with everyone pulling in the same direction, with the creation of quality awards such as Malcolm Baldridge and ISO 9000."
| |
|
Hybrid Cars, 2004.
A research paper about hybrid cars.
1,743 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper argues that hybrids are a more possible than not solution for the future. It explains how they offer many unique features including a better fuel economy and cleaner emissions. This contributes to the hybrids' growing popularity and, as a consequence, major automakers are producing their own hybrid models which include sedans, trucks and SUVs. The writer states that currently, these vehicles are more realistic than using fuel cells or diesel. The writer summarizes by claiming that all of these reasons point to the conclusion of hybrids as a definite part in the future of cars.
From the Paper
""If everyone in the US drove a hybrid instead of a traditional car, we could save roughly 1.6 billion barrels of oil a year" (Mihm 1). In the quest for cheaper gasoline and a cleaner environment, the one answer that comes to mind is the hybrid. The hybrid, a gasoline-electric car, seems to be the solution for the future. With lower emissions and better fuel economy, hybrids are thrilling consumers and environmentalists. Because of the unique features of these cars and its popularity among owners, several major automakers are following Toyota and Honda by producing their own hybrid model. This is starting a hybrid revolution whether it's for a sedan, SUV, or truck. With other fuel options such as diesel, all-electric, and fuel cells falling short, hybrids may have a secure spot in our future."
| |
|
Wanted: Fossil Fuel?s Replacement, Nuclear Energy, 2005.
The pros and cons of nuclear energy.
1,378 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper thoroughly describes the advantages and disadvantages between using nuclear energy and fossil fuels. Overall, the paper provides a positive view of nuclear energy and concludes that its advantages outweigh its disadvantages.
From the Paper
"The green, glowing substance illustrated on "The Simpsons", capable of destroying 155,200 people and giving frogs three legs, actually proves to be beneficial. A decrease in the conventional coal burning ways is more than important for conserving and consuming energy. The efficient, clean and safe solution for conservation appears to be nuclear energy. As the safest out of any major technological industry, nuclear technology's powers are nearly limitless. Of course, with no known method for storing radioactive waste, it is in constant, high debate because of the danger spent reactors pose. Leakage and moving tectonic plates in the main storage mountain, the Yucca, continue to be arguments for the opposing of nuclear energy. Still, in everyday use, the benefits of nuclear power outweigh the negative aspects and are a prime alternative to the rapid reduction of fossil fuels."
| |
|
Solar Energy and Solar Cells, 2003.
This paper is on solar energy, solar cells (panels) and the breakdown of what happens in the process.
1,137 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper provides a full explanation about the way in which solar energy is created. The paper looks at the process in details and then discusses what benefits solar energy may have in the future.
From the Paper
"Solar Energy comes from Solar cells which today are mostly made of silicon, one of the most common elements on Earth. The crystalline silicon solar cell was one of the first types to be developed and it is still the most common type in use today. They do not pollute the atmosphere and they leave behind no harmful waste products. Photovoltaic cells work effectively even in cloudy weather and unlike solar heaters, are more efficient at low temperatures. They do their job silently and there are no moving parts to wear out. It is no wonder that one marvels on how such a device would function. To understand how a solar cell works, it is necessary to go back to some basic atomic concepts. In the simplest model of the atom, electrons orbit a central nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons."
| |
|
Reprogenetics, 2005.
An overview of the current practice of modern reprogenetics and its future.
1,433 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the genetic engineering field of reprogenetics. It covers the history and overview of biotechnology, reprogenetics current practices (from IVF to amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling) as well as potential future possibilities as well as bioethics and its implications on society.
Outline
Introduction
Biotechnology: Overview and History
Introduction to Reprogenetics
Current Practices of Reprogenetics
The Future of Reprogenetics
Bioethics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The future of Reprogenetics is based around Genetic Engineering of the Germline (Silver, 2000). This essentially refers to the art of modifying or adding to, the embryo, any gene imaginable and any number of genes. Genetic Engineering of the Germline would allow parents to basically design their offspring, from physical characteristics to mental capacity, realising the concept of 'designer babies'. This technology has been used with increasing efficiency on mice, pigs and sheep. However, not until recently has it been considered possible to apply it to humans. This was largely due to quite a low success rate combined with ethical questions. Powerful new modification and screening technologies could allow scientists to overcome this low success rate. The question of ethics however, may remain indefinitely."
| |
|
Electrostatics, 2005.
An insight to the theory of electrostatics.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper introduces some of fundamental concepts of electrostatics including: electric surface charge density, electric flux density, Coulomb's Law and the Gauss's Theorem.
Paper Outline:
Electric Charge
Electric Surface Charge Density
Electric Flux and Electric Flux Density
Fields and Potential
Electric Potential
Electric Field Strength
Coulomb's Law
The E Field for a Point of Change
Electric Potential in a Field Due to a Single Point Charge
Surface Charge Density and Curvature
Electric Field as the (Negative) Gradient of Potential
Gauss's Theorem
References
From the Paper
"In some substances, particularly metals, negatively charged particles (electrons) can move easily. Such substances are called electrical conductors. Other substances, in which electrons do not move freely, are called electrical insulators. There is another group of substances which are neither good conductors nor good insulators but which have become increasingly important in the last 50 years; these are called semiconductors."
| |
|
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks, 2005.
An examination of different aspects of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks and switches.
4,830 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 149.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks at Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks and switches including the problems associated with the old existing networks and the introduction of Broadband Integrated Networks. The paper also compares ATM networks with the traditional circuit and packet switching systems as well as discussing different categories of ATM switches and buffering schemes.
Outline
Origins of ATM
Evolution to a Broadband Integrated Network
Service Characteristics
Information Rate and Burstiness
Service Examples
Transfer Modes
Extreme Transfer Modes
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Benefits of ATM
ATM Cell Structure
Cell Size
BISDN Protocol Stack
Transmission Delay
Header Functionality
Virtual Paths
Statistical Multiplexing
Making an ATM Call
ATM Switching
Classification of Switch Fabrics
Time Division Switch Fabrics
Shared Medium Single Bus Structure
Space Division Fabrics
Single Path Self Routing Switch
Switch Problems
Buffering
From the Paper
"Asynchronous Transfer Mode is a digital technique for high speed switching. The unit of multiplexing and switching is a cell which comprises a short fixed length information packet with a fixed length header to carry signalling information. By offering access at the cell level, information from many sources with widely differing activity patterns and transmission rates can be interleaved on a single transmission link or switched through an ATM node. As in other packet switching environments capacity is used only when it is needed."
| |
|
IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs, 2005.
Examines different aspects of IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs by using analytical methods and simulation.
13,943 words (approx. 55.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 302.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper analyzes the efficiency of the access algorithms in IEEE 802.11 infrastructure wireless LANs. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the access algorithms that are in used in IEEE 802.11 implementations. A mathematical model of the carrier sense protocols is introduced and analyzed through the second part. The main part of the paper is devoted to simulation of IEEE 802.11 infrastructure networks. For this purpose a discrete event simulator has been designed and implemented. Finally the results are presented and discussed.
Table of Contents
IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANS
IEEE 802.11 Access Algorithms
Mathematical Analysis of the Carrier Sense Protocols
Non-Slotted Non-Persistent CSMA
Slotted Non-Persistent CSMA
Simulation of IEEE 802.11 Infrastructure WLANS
Traffic Modeling
The Simulation Model
Simulation Results
Summary
References
The Simulator Source Codes
From the Paper
"Nowadays, wireless LANs, also known as WLANs, are used widely as an alternative for the wired LANs. In Comparison with the traditional wired LANs, WLANs provide more flexibility and higher ROI (Return On Investment) for both providers and customers. Also in some cases (such as disaster discovery), it is impossible to set up a wired LAN. Since setting up a WLAN does not need a great starting investment (especially in the case of ad hoc operation), it is considered to be an ideal choice for any temporary network connectivity requirement in local scales. For these reasons, the WLAN's productivity has increased rapidly during recent years."
| |
|
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), 2005.
An examination of different aspects of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) by using analytical methods and simulation.
5,755 words (approx. 23.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 167.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze different aspects of Pulse Code Modulation including sampling theory, aliasing, quantizing and effect of non-uniform quantization. Each part of the paper begins with the theoretical analysis; then the simulation results are presented. Finally the practical measurement results are demonstrated and discussed. For better analysis and subjective evaluation of quantization process, a Java-MATLAB application is developed (the source codes are included). Finally in the conclusion, the main points of each part are summarized.
Outline
Introduction
Pulse Modulations
Pulse Code Modulation
Sampling
Nyquist Sampling Theorem and the Aliasing Distortion
Zero Order Hold (ZOH)
Effect of Output Pulse Width
Aliasing Distortion
Variation of the Output Filter Bandwidth
Quantization
PCM Quantization Analysis: Java-MATLAB Software Application
Peak clipping
Quantization Distortion
Spectrum of Quantization Noise
Non-Uniform Quantization
The i law
Quantization Distortion for a Companded System
Conclusion
References
Appendix A: Java Software Source code
From the Paper
"Sampling is the first step in any pulse modulation system. In fact by sampling, a signal is represented by set of discrete samples. If the frequency of the sampling is high enough, the original signal can be recovered from the samples. This concept will be examined with more details later. From the mathematical point of view, the sampling process can be considered as the multiplication of the message signal by a train of Dirac impulses. "
|
|
|
