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Harrington and Democratic Socialism, 2007.
This paper reviews Michael Harrington's views on poverty and capitalism.
1,134 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at Harrington's beliefs about democratic socialism and how they differed from the views of the leftist radicals who emerged on U.S. college campuses in the 1960s. The paper examines the future Harrington predicts for modern capitalism and evaluates Harrington's concept of economic democracy. The paper shows how Harrington differs from the liberalism which was prevalent prior to 1963. The paper is of the opinion that a critique of Harrington's work reveals a thinker with uncommon insight.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Harrington's views with regards to democratic socialism are different from the leftist views espoused by 1960s radicals - and this is a good thing as we shall see. Most notably, when Harrington tried to convert the new campus radicals of that decade to democratic socialism (a mode of thinking which appears to favor local and community involvement in economic decision-making as well as a sort of participatory democracy wherein people take control of the "means of production" at the local and individual level), they informed him that they found the "unnecessary historical baggage" of Harrington's brand of socialism unappealing; they also informed him that the new liberal radicalism being championed by baby-boomers sought a new diction and politics and was uncomfortable with the anti-communism and statism that dominated Harrington's more "traditional" social democracy. In the same vein, the New Left of the 1960s haughtily dismissed the Old Left's alliance with Democratic Party liberalism and trade unions (Dorrien, para.10 and 28). The schism between Harrington and the young student leaders of the 1960s reflects his wisdom and their folly."
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The Outsourcing Phenomenon, 2007.
An analysis of the relationship of the Bush administration to outsourcing, insourcing and off-shoring.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 19 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the growing phenomenon of outsourcing. It describes and analyzes the economic paradigm in which the two corporate strategies of outsourcing and off-shoring can exist. The paper also discusses the characterizations of globalization and how this relates to outsourcing, insourcing and off-shoring. Finally, the paper discusses the Bush administration's involvement with outsourcing.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Outsourcing/Insourcing
The Necessity of Outsourcing
The Necessity of Insourcing
The Bush Administration and Outsourcing
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Future trends in outsourcing, off-shoring, and insourcing will reflect the growing attention paid to IP and core business competencies. Business process outsourcing that relies on automated IT solutions will continue to be grow in outplacement while some business transformation IT activities, such as customized business solutions and optimized IT platforms will be insourced or simply kept in-house (Hormozi, Hostetler & Middleton, 2003). Another is that outsourcing that will grow relative to IT applications is application management outsourcing where duplicate applications are brought under the management of single applications and platforms through the use of a 3rd party provider (Taylor, 2002). These trends will increasingly crystallize into core business strategies."
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China's Central Monetary Policy, 2007.
A an analysis of China's monetary policy and currency control.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's monetary policy and the role of the People's Bank of China (PBC) in its currency control. It discusses China's economic growth and development, as well as the political environment in China and how this affects the economy. The paper specifically focuses on China's economic policies with regard to how they affect their relations with the United States.
Table of Contents:
Overview
China's Economic Growth
Political Dimensions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The political environment in China has been radically altered since Hu Jintao was appointed President. Most recently, China's economic growth, coupled with its long history of graft and corruption, has allowed President Hu to consolidate his power even further. Shanghai's Governor, Qin Yu, has been accused by state investigators of corruption, bribe-taking, and graft and since he was a former ally of Hu's predecessor, his position in the Communist Party and his political position as Governor over one of China's most prosperous regions afforded him little protection (Dyer pars.3-7). Thus, indirectly, China's economic growth which is underpinned by its currency policies, have been co-opted by the political establishment."
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Softwood Lumber and Free Trade, 2007.
An analysis of the the Softwood Lumbar Agreement and free trade agreements between Canada and the United States.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Softwood Lumbar Agreement between Canada and the United States. It describes the different interests of the federal and the provincial governments in the Agreement and the implication of the Agreement for the federal government of Canada. The paper discusses Canada's objectives in entering into the Free Trade Agreements with the United States. It argues that Canadian interests are not being served by the free trade agreements. Finally, the paper looks at the the Alberta Softwood Lumber Trade Council and its representation on Canadian interests.
From the Paper
"Clearly, the diverse range of the ASLTC's disagreements with the proposed agreement do not offer much room for compromise. In order to address these problems, it would seem that the entire agreement would have to be opened up and the U.S. government "forced" to accept a much longer term agreement (unlikely); that the rest of Canada should recognize Alberta's particular circumstances with a pest (unlikely); and that someone should refund the Alberta industry its $100 million in legal fees (unlikely). Clearly, this interest group reflect the general intransigence of single-issue interest groups. Moreover, the fact that it is not bothering to advocate directly to the federal government, but is instead using its influence on the provincial government of Alberta to get the province to lobby the federal government for changes reflects its narrow basis of support in one province and in one sector of a provincial industry (ASLTC)."
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The Canada-US Softwood Lumber Agreement of 2006, 2007.
This paper examines the 2006 softwood lumber agreement between the federal governments of Canada and the United States, which creates a medium-term solution for a long-running trade dispute between the two countries.
2,460 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the origin of the dispute between the federal governments of Canada and the United States is the belief of U.S. lumber companies that lumber in some Canadian provinces, such as British Columbia, is subsidized by the lumber coming from Crown lands where its cost is cheaper than if it came from private lands. The author points out that, although Canada disputes this view, it accepted the Canada-US Softwood Lumber Agreement of 2006, which cancels any legal actions and duties with regard to the softwood lumber issue, as a way of resolving the trade problem and returning billions of dollars the U.S. government has claimed in duties over the past five years. The paper relates that the public interest group, the Forest Products Association of Canada (FPAC) did not advocate one policy to government but attempted to work with the government to create a "unified" approach, which best reflects the diverse interests of its member companies.
From the Paper
"Canada had a number of objectives in entering into the free trade agreements with the United States. In general, these different objectives may be grouped under the one overriding priority of the Canadian government, which was to secure open and unthreatened long-term access to the large U.S. market for Canadian exporters. This was an important issue for the Canadian government as Canadian industries in the last decades of the 20th century were growing increasingly dependent upon the United States as their primary export market."
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The Canada-US Softwood Lumber Dispute, 2007.
An analysis of the terms and implications of the Canada-US Softwood Lumber agreement.
2,489 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the 1996 Canada-US Softwood Lumber agreement. It describes the terms of the agreement and the differing interests of the federal and provincial governments in the agreement. The paper then looks at the differing roles that the federal and provincial governments play in implementing the agreement. Next, the paper discusses Canada's objectives in entering into the two free trade agreements, the FTA and the NAFTA and discusses how the Softwood Lumber Agreement fits into these. Finally, the paper looks at the BC Lumber Trade Council and what it represents.
From the Paper
" The Council advocated to the provincial and federal governments on the basis of the lumber industry and the best interests of the forestry industry as well as of Canada. The Council advocated finding "a durable, long-term solution to the Canada-U.S. softwood lumber dispute and respect for the rules of trade under NAFTA" (BC Lumber Trade Council 1). The Council also upholds certain aspects of the 2006 Softwood Lumber Agreement along with the interests of the firms in the industry that the Council represents. Advocacy on the part of the Council includes using threats to the federal government. Such threats involve the potential for embarrassment on the international scale along with local disgrace in the event that the agreement is implemented without feedback and influence from the BC Lumber Trade Council. The strategies employed in the advocacy of related to the proposed softwood lumber agreement represent the intensity of feeling surrounding the issues in the dispute. The Council's advocacy measures also are influenced by the extreme significance of the softwood lumber agreement for the lumber industry in British Columbia. The BC Lumber Trade Council also has threatened to sabotage the agreement in the event that their demands are not realized."
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Immigration and Canadian Diversity, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of immigration and diversity in Canada, while looking at accounts regarding Chinese immigrants in the 19th and 20th century.
2,182 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses two news accounts that presented similar backgrounds regarding the Chinese immigrants in the 19th century and the 20th century. The writer compares and contrasts events taken from these two time periods with academic sources detailing the same. The writer notes that economic strife and the hope of acquiring wealth, while apparently more pronounced in the 20th century, was the primary motivator for these people to take life-threatening risks as well as the risk of being turned back. The writer points out that the politico-social climate had perceptibly changed since 1860, particularly regarding the shift of perceptions of immigrants by native Canadians from a racial, white superiority perspective against the backdrop of colonialism to that of cultural paranoia fueled by biased media coverage and political secondary gain. The writer concludes that although steps have been taken to control immigration, cultural diversity remains elusive. This paper includes a detailed summary and notes regarding each of the sources.
Outline:
The 19th Century
20th Century
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This was one of the first accounts of local press during the 1860s regarding the arrival of Chinese migrants to British Columbia. Being of a foreign land, they initially shared the white man's dreams of finding fortune in the new province similar to the California gold rush. It was an equal proving ground where, literally, one could keep what he reaped from the mines. However, as the fervor of finding instant fortune soon died down in the south, so did the gold rush in British Columbia. This did not mean that other industries were in lack. Indeed, the lumbering and agricultural industries were also abundant, owing to the gold rush that had to be sustained by settlements and towns requiring building materials and a means with which to feed the inhabitants."
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The 2006 Canadian-U.S.A. Softwood Lumber Agreement, 2007.
This paper discusses the Canadian-U.S.A. softwood lumber dispute, the 2006 agreement and the role of the public interest group, the British Columbia Lumber Trade Council.
3,250 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the Canadian-U.S.A. softwood lumber dispute, Washington objected to the low Canadian lumber prices; whereas, the provinces of Canada saw their role as regulating lumbering so that the mainly Crown lands on which it takes place are maintained ecologically well. The author points out that the 2006 agreement removed the tariff on Canadian softwood, but also established export taxes that will kick into place should the price of lumber drop too low, thus preventing Canadian exporters from "dumping" or selling lumber in the United States at prices less than what goods cost to produce. The paper stresses that Canada like many Third World countries, is a raw material exporter, subjected to prices and rulings made elsewhere and with whole local or even national economies revolving around particular commodities and their related industries.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Canada's Objectives
The British Columbia Lumber Trade Council
Concluding Notes
From the Paper
"Critics said that there should be no duty paid by Canadian forestry companies, in the first place, that Americans either wanted to buy lumber that they could not produce in the United States to keep up with demand, or they did not. A Duke University expert on international economic law wrote that the 2005 negotiations that have gone before the present Softwood Lumber Agreement of 2006 involved Washington being made aware of having reacted too quickly to the earlier situation. Some Americans realized that they were on 'thin ice' in terms of the position taken against Canadian producers of lumber, by suddenly charging tariffs, in view of the NAFTA."
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Canada-US Softwood Lumber, 2007.
An analysis of the reasons for and implications of the 2006 Softwood Lumber agreement between the US and Canada.
2,447 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 17 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the 2006 Softwood Lumber agreement between the United States and Canada. It describes the reasons for the agreement and its implications. The paper also discusses the different interests of the Canadian federal and provincial governments in terms of this agreement and their role in implementing the agreement. It then analyzes Canada's objectives in entering into the two free trade agreements with the United States (the FTA and NAFTA) and how it relates to the Softwood Lumber agreement. Finally the paper looks at the BC Lumbar Trade Council and its role in supporting Canadian interests in the Canada-US softwood lumber dispute.
Table of Contents:
Overview of the Softwood Lumber Agreement
Free Trade Agreements
The BC Lumbar Trade Council
From the Paper
"In this analysis, the advocacy strategy of the BCLTC is not only audacious but is also reflective of the nature of the proposed softwood lumber agreement and the importance of this agreement's structure to the lumber industry in British Columbia. The fact that the organization is willing to go to the extreme step of implying that its members would scuttle the agreement if they do not get what they want in subsequent drafts is political brinkmanship of the highest order. While this power and strategy is unusual for most Canadian interest groups, it is reflective of the complex and long-running nature of this dispute in British Columbia, as well as of the provincial industry's desire for long term stability in its trade with the United States."
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Environment and Trade, 2007.
This paper explores the links between trade, growth and sustainable development.
779 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper first discusses Jagdish Bhagwati's argument against environmental protections. Next, the paper looks at Herman Daly's belief that countries should be able to determine their own domestic policies and not be dependent on a world market for wealth development. The paper then examines Hilary French's discussion about the role of the WTO, the OECD policy paper on over-consumption and Lester Brown's analysis of the exploitation of natural resources worldwide. The writer disagrees with Bhagwati's intimation that imposing environmental protections is ultimately a moral issue. The writer is convinced that the future of human survival is dependant on dealing with the evidence that trade is dependent on environmental sustainability.
From the Paper
"Bhagwati's first major argument is that trade enables countries to establish environmental controls based on the wealth brought by trade if they are encouraged to specialize (43). Wealth from trade, he contends, also results in ability for countries to import environmental technologies(Bhagwati, 43)."
"The demand for a level playing field in terms of environmental protections, Bhagwati argues, is ignorant of the fact that different countries have differing domestic concerns although may share a common goal (44). Furthermore, that imposing North American values onto other countries may result in trade interruptions undermining the trade system (Bhagwati, 46)."
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Mercantilism, Liberalism and Structuralism, 2007.
This paper explores the economic systems that influence states' economic policies.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the economic systems of mercantilism, liberalism and structuralism that determine how governments operate. The paper shows how in terms of the role of the state, they can be seen as points along a continuum of state influence and control, with liberalism being the least controlling and structuralism being the most invasive.
Outline:
Introduction
Liberalism
Structuralism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Economic systems provide the philosophical rationale within which governments operate. Without them, governments, and hence the state, would quickly devolve into erratic economic policy swings that would undermine not only the economy but the social fabric of the state as well. Mercantilism, liberalism, and structuralism can be thought of as blueprints by which the state operates and from which its policy emanates. Mercantilism owes some of its early development to Adam Smith but its economic influence still radiates across global markets today in the form protective barriers to free trade and economic imperialism. Liberalism in the context of economic development and policy has been termed laissez-faire in that its advocates a hands-off policy in terms of economic controls but, in fact, this is only partially accurate. Finally, structuralism finds its strongest advocates in Marx and Marxist economists who view the free market policies of the former systems to be responsible for much of the 3rd world's lack of development and, to a certain extent, they are accurate."
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Trade Liberalization, 2007.
This paper explores different viewpoints on the subject of free trade and trade liberalization.
1,012 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews five articles on the subject of trade liberalization and argues that trade liberalization has been revealed to be largely a global good. The paper uses Asia as an example to illustrate how free trade contributed to its phenomenal growth and current wealth. The paper points out that while there have been social problems associated with free trade, these can be addressed by policy initiatives. The paper concludes that trade liberalization has created wealth and economic growth and thus should be promoted as much as possible.
From the Paper
"In the Business Week special issue "Global Capitalism: Can it Be Made to Work" the record of globalization is examined with a level of criticism that is remarkable for a "business" publication. The opening article by Engardio and Belton sets the tone for the issue in contending that: "The plain truth is that market liberalisation by itself does not life all boats" (Engardio and Belton 73). The authors argue that globalization has led to extraordinary economic disparities which carry the long-term danger - if the world's poor do not see the benefits from free trade - of the unravelling of globalized capitalism (Engardio and Belton 75). The authors cite studies that indicate that there is "no automatic link between openness and growth in developing countries" (Engardio and Belton 75)."
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 2007.
This paper discusses the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the U.S., Mexico and Canada and its impact on the U.S. job market.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 17 sources, APA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was designed to open up the Canadian, U.S. and Mexican borders to free trade; however, NAFTA's ratification and implementation over the last decade has not had uniform success. The author points out that, while many detractors of NAFTA had predicted that the U.S. economy would run at an overall trade deficit with both Canada and Mexico, they failed to observe that overall exports to these two markets would increase greatly as well. The paper also examines the impact of NAFTA on the U.S. job market and concludes that some of the apparatus within NAFTA's regulatory structure, which allows for negotiation and renegotiation, should be utilized to make adjustments for the economic impact NAFTA has had on the U.S. economy especially on job loss. The paper includes tables on job creation and loss and wage changes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Positive Economic Impact of NAFTA
Negative Economic Impact of NAFTA
Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One industry that has been in decline in the U.S. for many years has been the textile industry. NAFTA's detractors often, supported by the U.S. textile industry itself, belabored this point in arguments against ratification of NAFTA. Cook points out that although NAFTA led to expanded markets for the U.S. textile industry by: 1) the elimination of import duties into Mexico on U.S. produced yarns and cotton, and 2) by mandating that Mexican textile manufacturers actually utilize U.S. yarn and cotton in textiles that are exported to the U.S. and Canadian markets."
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Third-World Under-Development, 2007.
This paper looks at the dependency theory vs. the modernization theory for explaining why large parts of the world remain under-developed.
1,427 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the modernization and dependency theories, which explain third-world under-development. The paper assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each. The paper determines that the dependency theory is more effective at illustrating why so much of the world continues to lag behind North America and Europe.
From the Paper
"Before proceeding too far, it is necessary to understand what each of the theories means and where each is both strong and weak. To start with, modernization theory holds that economic development and progress is intimately connected to the socio-political institutions and general attitudes of a society. As a result, developing countries which seek to "modernize" and accrue the trappings of western nations must eschew "antiquated" values and traditions in favor of modern sensibilities which disdain "traditionalism," fatalism, and unbending kinship relationships. To elaborate more fully, "modern" societies are merit-based in their dispensation of "spoils", emphasize social mobility (both up and down), emphasize also entrepreneurship and ambition, and emphasize participation by individuals in the shaping of society. Finally, modern societies privilege and "make way for" capital accumulation - the sort of accumulation which makes development possible (Webster, 49-53)."
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American Revolution, 2007.
This paper looks at the various causes of the American Revolution.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the American Revolution has traditionally been taught as if it was one single, unified movement. The writer points out that, according to this view, all Americans rose heroically as one to challenge tyranny, motivated by their love of freedom and desire for self-governance. However, the writer maintains that more recent interpretations have challenged this simplistic interpretation. It is argued in this paper that it is more correct to see the American Revolution as "many revolutions," in that there were many contributing ideas and factors, rather than one simple movement.
From the Paper
"Now, while many Americans clearly agreed with this idea, the point is that the frameworks within which they agreed with it were highly diverse. For example, Calvinists in New England were searching through the Bible for indications of the will of God, while at the other extreme, rationalists in Virginia were studying nature to discern divine mechanics. The only thing that united these diverse approaches and ideas about the nature of reality was a shared belief that every event was meant to be, and was given meaning by God ... "
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Global Trade: Different Perspectives, 2007.
This paper explores the debate surrounding free trade and trade liberalization.
816 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper examines five articles and their fiscal, sovereign, environmental and social perspectives of free trade. The paper is of the opinion that investors are fundamentally concerned with profit and not on developing emerging economies. The paper claims that despite the rhetoric to the contrary, there is little being addressed in terms of socioeconomic issues that negatively affect trade partners.
From the Paper
"The debate around world trade is a much discussed topic in the news and society at large. In studying the issues as presented in the five articles discussed, it becomes clear that there are a number of perspectives including fiscal, sovereign, environmental, and social. Each perspective has merit; however the perspectives are not autonomous but rather interdependent and there seems to be a divide that exists between those who discuss fiscal issues versus those who discuss social issues."
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