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Youth Unemployment in Moldova, 2004.
An examination of the problem of youth unemployment and other economic hardships in Moldova.
1,154 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the economic situation in Moldova, focusing on the phenomenon of youth unemployment. It looks at the assistance being received by the World Bank and concludes that, with continued, but carefully managed and targeted support to address the specific problem of unemployment, emigration, and migration among the young, the future of Moldova is not as dismal as it seemed in the early 1990s.
From the Paper
"One of the most critical concerns of the current Work Bank is the high rate of youth unemployment in South Eastern Europe. This phenomenon of high youth unemployment, it is feared, will lead to a state of increasing instability across the region. More and more young people in this region are aimless in life, and grow up without being instituted in an appropriate ?work culture.? Either they will emigrate, depleting their nations of young employees, or become drains on the economy. These countries are also afflicted by low birth rates, which will continue to create a diminished labor force."
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The European Union and Russia, 2004.
A dissertation that examines the European Union's security policy towards Russia.
15,700 words (approx. 62.8 pages), 88 sources, MLA, AU$ 349.95
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Abstract
This dissertation is divided into five chapters. Chapter One introduces the nature of the central issue: EU security policy towards Russia during the period 1992-2004 in the context of the European security issues during those years. It is symptomatic of the dynamics of this changing context that much of the existing literature tends to examine this issue not from the point of view of the EU, but rather via the prism of NATO-Russia relations. As a result, it will be one of the contentions of the present study that there is a ?literature gap? in the existing work on this area that, itself, perhaps reflects the Cold War biases, conscious and unconscious, that continue to influence academic studies in this field. Chapter Two analyzes the relevant theoretical approaches and seeks to establish a theoretical paradigm for use in this study. Two influential approaches to the study of international security relationships are examined: neo-functionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism. Each of these theoretical approaches has recently undergone sustained criticism and redevelopment, and this chapter considers this process and its significance for studies, such as the present analysis. Finally, this chapter identifies the fundamental theoretical approach for this study to be liberal intergovernmentalism, deployed within a methodology of quantitative and qualitative research. Chapter Three consists of a review of related literature, subjected to comparative analysis and categorized on the basis of qualitative and quantitative sources. This chapter explores further the issue of the ?literature gap? in existing studies, identifying areas in which this dissertation seeks to extend and innovate approaches to the issue under study. Chapter Four is devoted to an analysis of relevant data and its relationship to the theoretical model established in Chapter Two. Chapter Five returns to the research questions and seeks to answer them on the basis of the analytical, theoretical, and comparative work outlined in the preceding chapters. The final section of the dissertation is a conclusion in which the findings of the study are summarized and their relationship to the theoretical models used considered. This also provides a basis for the validity of the theoretical model used to be assessed and for possible avenues of further research to be outlined.
Outline
Introduction
The Problem
The Theoretical Approach
Literature Review
Analysis
Answering the Research Questions
From the Paper
"The political and economic uncertainty in Russia during 1998-99, not surprisingly, had a deleterious effect on the implementation of the planned work programme and there was some disappointment on the EU side that more progress had not been made. At the second meeting of the Cooperation Council in May 1999 the official communiqu? was much more positive. In general, the PCA has had a major impact on the frequency and breadth of official contacts between the EU and Russia, and laid the basis for more effective cooperation on a wide range of policy areas."
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The Expanded European Union, 2004.
This paper discusses the question of the degree of potential migration of workers from the newly-joined states to the original fifteen European Union (EU) countries.
1,745 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that no one knows for sure what kind of impact the enlargement of the EU will have on labor movement; some believe that large numbers of individuals will be heading west to look for jobs, but others say that history has shown that war devastation is the primary reason why people leave their homeland. The author points out that part of the concern about workers stems from the differences in economies between the two areas of Europe; lower paid or unemployed workers from the ten new members will follow the money trail to the existing 15 EU countries. The paper relates that, under the terms of accession, existing EU countries have the right to block free movement of labor from the new joiners for up to seven years.
From the Paper
"Time Europe magazine reports sarcastically on the effect such headlines have on those who have already migrated: ?That image must come as cold, ironic comfort to 54 Greeks who did not exactly find Britain an employment paradise.? Although they had already been entitled to work with full legal protection anyplace in the E.U., these Greek workers were hired as temps to pick flowers in Southwest England. In rain and snow they labored for nine hours a day and lived in a tent without any heat or plumbing, which local officials declared ?totally unfit for human habitation.? In addition, the hiring employers had told the men that they would not be paid until they came up with E1500 for transportation and lodging. After two weeks, the Greek migrants were saved by their embassy."
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A Cultural Profile of Russian Culture, 2004.
Presents related information regarding the culture of Russia.
1,889 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a cultural report and analysis of the prominent characteristics of Russian culture. The paper is intended to help travelers or visitors to Russia better understand its culture. Included in the discussion is a description of interesting or important cultural characteristics, ideas that would help the reader adapt to the cultural differences one might experience in Russia, ideas to serve as guidelines for people wanting to succeed as communicators in the Russian environment, and the author's own reactions and impressions to various Russian cultural characteristics and practices.
From the Paper
"Culture is defined as the combination of various patterns, which are practiced by individuals of a country. Culture is the identification of the people of a particular country. Culture includes actions, behavior and practices along with food, clothes and traditions, which are followed by the people of a particular country. Cultural characteristics are not formed in one day, but these characteristics and practices are defined gradually and thus it is the duty of a citizen to adopt these cultural practices and characteristics so that other people who belong to other countries can identify the people as to which culture they belong to. Behavior patterns, norms, language and skills are the essential characteristics, which combinely form CULTURE."
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Yiddish, 2004.
A study of the Yiddish language and its use today.
1,813 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Yiddish language, which originated in Eastern Europe and was brought to the Western World towards the end of the 19th century. The writer includes a history of the language and shows which Yiddish words have become common used words in the English language today. Finally, the paper offers some data collected by a study at Columbia University about the dialect.
From the Paper
"The Yiddish dialect is commonly used in the American language. There are dozens of Yiddish words that have been assimilated into American slang speak. Yiddish has impacted American culture in a variety of ways. Yiddish culture, drama and writing influenced the American theatre scene and a large body of literary works through the early 1900s. It was in fact greatly popularized during this period of time, and many Yiddish playwrights and poets were well known and respected within the United States. However of late the press suggested that Yiddish is steadily declining within the United States, to the point of virtual extinction."
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Long-Term Unemployment in Russia, 2004.
This paper is a dissertation proposal to study the economic and political factors contributing to the time path of unemployment in Russia as compared to former Eastern Block countries.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Russian delay in achieving low unemployment can be directly attributed to reasons of education, specific human capital mismatch, low wages, tax schemes designed to punitively tax so-called excess profits, and other factors. The author points out that Russian unemployment figures have been difficult to come by in the past, due in part to the country?s definition of unemployment, and the way employment and unemployment are measured by the government. The paper states that the dissertation will examine time points in the data of major market indicators, such as employment levels, wages, and availability of various factors of production of each of the countries to illuminate the causal effects of economic and political practices affecting rates of unemployment in Russia and selected former satellite countries.
Table of Contents
Dissertation Plan
Proposed Content Synopsis
Factors Effecting Unemployment and the Difference between General and Transitional Unemployment
Economic Determinants of Employment Levels
Expected Results of Transitional Economies
Looking at the Data
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Current economic models attempt to explain the determinants that affect levels of employment. These include where the employment equilibrium sits, how short and long run economic factors affect the equilibrium, and what short and long run factors in Russia and the chosen former Soviet block countries are contributing to the overall unemployment levels of these countries. Aside from internal pressures, Russia?s response to external factors, such as WTO accession on Russian economy have profound effects on Russia?s overall economic health and of course on its rate of short and long-term unemployment."
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Serbian Culture, 2004.
Presents a history and description of Serbian culture, focusing on theater and entertainment.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper presents some information of the culture of Serbia. The paper explains that Serbian theater is more than eight centuries old, beginning and continuing throughout the middle ages, to modern times. The first modern Serbian play was the school drama entitled "Traedokomedija", written by Manuil Kozacinski in the late 1600's. The paper also looks at the work of some of the more well-known Serbian playwrights.
From the Paper
"At the end of the nineteenth century, the influence of French theatre strengthened. Before the World War I, this was the influence of Comedie-Francaise and Paris Boulevard theatres, rather than new theatre trends in France. Recent styles of European dramaturgy and theatre (Naturalism, Symbolism, Expressionism) - and not only French - were sensed in Serbian dramaturgy and theatre. Borisav Stankovic introduced new sensitivity and new poetic tones in the Realist approach into the already worn-out genre of popular folk plays "with singing", with his work Kostana (first performed in 1900), which has a cult following among Serbian theatres and audiences."
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The Euro and England, 2004.
An analysis of the new Euro currency and England's decision not to join.
1,506 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the new single European currency being used in 12 countries in Europe, so far. Specifically, the paper explores why the government of England decided not to join the singular currency, showing both the advantages and disadvantages of using one currency. The paper evaluates the Euro, in general, and looks at its impact on the UK's tourism industry.
From the Paper
"Because most of the cross-border countries of UK are members of EMU, the tourism industry of UK faces a high risk of price competition with the EMU nations, through comparisons in terms of travel fares and hotel accommodations. Travel cost in UK is likely to be more expensive, than
that of a country within the Euro zone, because of the cost of currency conversion. Single currency within the Euro zone may attract more travelers because of the convenience of not needing to convert currencies. In this view, in contrast to the possible increase in tourism rate among countries within the Euro zone, UK may experience a struggle in their tourism industry because of the inconvenience and cost UK?s currency may bring to travelers."
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The Cold War and the American Society, 2004.
This paper discusses the history of the Cold War, the ideological, political, and economic impasse between the United States and the Soviet Union, and its effect on the American society.
3,070 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 125.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the Soviet Union?s physical and ideological expansion, post-World War II, into many countries, known as the ?Soviet Block?; on the other hand, the American economy was much stronger than the Soviet economy, and many countries in the United Nations were friendly toward the United States. The author points out that, during the Cold War, there was never a direct confrontation between the United States and the Soviets; however, there were conflicts between client nations, which were used to carry out the policies of the superpowers, such as Korea and Vietnam. The paper elucidates that the Vietnam War did more than any war to change the American perspective on foreign involvement
From the Paper
"The Vietnam War had a significant impact on life in the United States. College campuses became center of debate and Kent State is still remembered for a campus demonstration that turned deadly. Opposition to the war had created a movement and in response to Nixon?s decision over whether troops would be sent to Cambodia. A group of approximately 300 hundred students gathered at Kent State in Ohio to for a formal ceremony in which they burned copies of the Constitution. Mob mentality took over and that evening demonstrators moved into town and smashed shop windows as well as burning down an Army ROTC building. The mayor declared a state of emergency and as a result, the governor National Guard was called in to keep the peace. When students gathered for another anti-war rally, they resisted orders to disband. In response to this, the guardsmen stepped in, students then began to throw rocks at them, which in turn caused to guardsmen to fire. In the aftermath of the riot, four students were killed and nine were injured. At Jackson State in Mississippi, two students were killed at a similar protest. It is important to note that in both incidents, the students were unarmed."
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History of Communism in Poland and its Fall, 2004.
An in-depth analysis into how Polish companies have reacted to ethical issues and changes in business standards since the fall of Communism in 1989.
19,289 words (approx. 77.2 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 349.95
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Abstract
The dissertation looks at the history of communism in Poland and its fall. The dissertation then looks at the economy of Poland, the main natural resources, the economy under Communism, the centrally planned economy, and the economy after the fall of Communism. The dissertation then moves on to looking at the processes of marketization and stabilization in Poland and the macroeconomic indicators for the crucial 1990-1991 period. The privatization process in Poland follows, and the subsequent structure of the economy is analyzed. The main markets supporting the economy, i.e., fuels and energy, industry, agriculture, fishing and forestry, banking and finance, and foreign trade are examined. Once the economic history of Poland has been discussed and analyzed, the dissertation then moves to looking at how Polish companies have reacted to ethical issues and changes in business standards since the fall of communism in 1989. This takes the form of looking, principally, at what constitutes ethical business in Poland, how ethical business is regulated and monitored in Poland, how changes have been made so far in business ethics in Poland since the fall of Communism, and how these changes relate to changes over the same period at an international level. A discussion of the merits of entering into the EU, in terms of business ethics, is also provided.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1: Poland?s Economy Pre-Communism?s Fall
Section 1.1. Poland?s Natural Resources
Section 1.1.1. Minerals and Fuels
Section 1.1.2. Agricultural Resources
Section 1.1.3. Labor Force
Section 1.2. The Polish Economy Under Communism
Section 1.2.1. System Structure
Section 1.2.2. Development Strategy
Section 1.3. The Centrally-Planned Economy
Section 1.3.1. Establishing the Planning Formula
Section 1.3.2. Retrenchment and Adjustment in the 1960s
Section 1.3.3. Reliance on Technology in the 1970s
Section 1.3.4. Reform Failure in the 1980s
Chapter 2: Poland?s Economy After the Fall of Communism
Section 2.1. Poland After the Fall of Communism
Section 2.2. Fall of Communism
Section 2.3. Marketization and Stabilization
Section 2.3.1. Required Short-Term Changes
Section 2.3.2. The Shock Strategy
Section 2.3.3. Initial Results
Section 2.3.4. Long-Term Requirements
Section 2.4. Macroeconomic Indicators for 1990-91
Section 2.4.1. Price Increases
Section 2.4.2. Impact on Productivity and Wages
Section 2.4.3. Statistical Distortions
Section 2.4.4. Agricultural Imbalances
Section 2.4.5. Causes of Decline
Section 2.5.The Polish Post-Communism Privatization Process
Section 2.6. Structure of Poland?s Economy: Post-Communism
Section 2.6.1. Fuels and Energy
Section 2.6.2. Coal
Section 2.6.3. Oil and Gas
Section 2.6.4. Power Generation
Section 2.6.5. Industry
Section 2.6.6. Light Industry
Section 2.6.7. Automotive Industry
Section 2.6.8. Construction Machinery
Section 2.6.9. Banking and Finance
Section 2.7. The State Banking System
Section 2.8. Banking Reform, 1990-92
Section 2.8.1. Insurance and Securities Reform
Section 2.8.2. New Financial Institutions
Section 2.8.3. Foreign Loans and Money Supply
Section 2.8.4. Foreign Trade
Section 2.8.5. The Foreign Trade Mechanism
Section 2.9. Post-communist Policy Adjustments
Section 2.10. The Role of Currency Exchange
Section 2.11. Foreign Investment
Chapter 3: Business Ethics in Poland
Section 3.1. Introduction
Section 3.2. What is Meant (and Understood) by the Term ?Business Ethics? in Poland?
Section 3.3. Developing Standards of Business Ethics in Poland
Section 3.3.1. The Polish Transition
Section 3.3.2. Difficulties in Adjusting
Section 3.3.3. Identifying the Problem: Polish Chamber Survey Results
Section 3.3.4. Setting Ethical Standards
Section 3.3.5. Letting Market Forces Work
Section 3.3.6. The Highlights from the Polish Chamber's Sample Code of Ethics
Section 3.3.7. Western Aid In Fighting Corruption
Chapter 4: Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Poland's climate features moderate temperatures and adequate rainfall that enable cultivation of most temperate-zone crops, including all the major grains, several industrial crops, and several varieties of fruit (www.countrystudies.us/poland.htm). Crops are distributed according to the substantial regional variations in soil and length of growing season (www.countrystudies.us/poland.htm). The sandy soils of the central plains are most suitable for rye, the richer soil in the south favors wheat and barley, and the poorer soil of the north is used for oats (www.countrystudies.us/poland.htm). All parts of Poland favor potato cultivation; sugar beets, the most important industrial crop, grow mainly in the west and southeast (www.countrystudies.us/poland.htm)."
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?The Viennese Revolution of 1848?, 2002.
This paper is a review of John Rath?s ?The Viennese Revolution of 1848?, which chronicles both sides of the Austrian-Hungarian revolution from its onset to its conclusion.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Viennese Revolution of 1848 took place with the backdrop of liberal-conservative squabbling throughout Europe; poor living conditions and constant warring left the upper and middle classes wanting an end to the aristocratic regimes of most European nations and an increase in the people?s liberties. The author points out that the original cause behind the revolution was the broad idea of liberalism, but,once the revolutionaries came into power, this broad idea took on different interpretations by different ethnic groups.The paper concludes that this polarization ultimately created problems for further unification of the revolutionaries and might have led to the final fall of Vienna.
From the Paper
"The ruling regime was split on whether or not to make concessions. Metternich, Archduke Ludwig, and his cabinet were insistent that the revolutionaries be granted none of their demands, while other some of the archdukes that were more sympathetic to the cause were willing to grant reforms. The disagreements in the imperial government led to inactivity of government, and progress revolutionary activity by the liberal-leaning populace. Rath notes the proliferation of political and social calls for reform, ?As the populace became more and more agitated by the ever increasing reports of revolutionary disturbances, various liberal elements in Vienna summoned courage to demand reforms from the government, and many individuals and groups hastened to draft petitions, obtain signatures for them, and send them to the authorities.?"
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Stanislavsky, 2002.
Explores how Russian history influenced the theories of Constantin Stanislavsky and Russian theater in general.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
Constantin Stanislavsky is the father of modern acting theory. His theories which he extols in his four books, "My Life in Art" (1924), "An Actor Prepares" (1936), "Building a Character" (1941) and "Creating a Role" (1961) have had an unparalleled effect on actors and acting instructors throughout the world. Acting theorists such as Vsevelod Meyerhold, Uta Hagen and Bertold Brecht have all taken his theories into account while developing their own. Indeed, entire movements in world drama have been in part inspired by the work of Stanislavsky.
This paper focuses on Stanislavsky's influence on Russia. During his life and his career, Russia went through many changes. Two major events in Russian history would determine the fate of theatre and as a result Stanislavsky. The first was the failed revolution in 1905, or ?The Great Rehearsal,? as Lenin called it. The second major event which affected Stanislavsky (which in turn affected Russian theater) was the 1917 revolution.
From the Paper
"Konstantin Stanislavsky developed the Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. The creation of this particular theatre was important in that it differed from many of the other theatres of the time. It was a fully professional theatre organization and it emphasized new plays as opposed to older work. Stanislavsky believed that new plays would bring the theatre to life. His theatrical philosophy was that the actor was an educator and that plays were tools of education. As a result the initial work produced at the theatre was not successful. It wasn?t until Stanislavsky partnered with a young playwright named Anton Chekhov that the theatre attained any commercial success."
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Post Communism, 2002.
A look at the variant paths of post-communist Russia, Poland and Hungary.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the past ten years have seen great changes in the formerly communist countries of Eastern Europe and how bound together for years under the Soviet yoke, these nations have now embarked upon their own individual paths as sovereign states. In particular it looks at Russia, Poland, and Hungary and how all three once shared a common form of government and a single social system. It analyzes how these three distinct nations were put together into the crucible of the Communist State and how each have emerged re-cast in a different manner. Russia, Poland and Hungary seek their own futures in the contemporary world.
From the Paper
"The Communist state as it came to exist in the Soviet Bloc was first developed in Russia. In many ways, many of its principles were deeply ingrained in Russian History. The autocracy of the tsars was reflected in the authoritarian nature of the communist party and state apparatus. Just as the Tsar of All the Russia had once demanded absolute and unquestioning obedience from his many subject peoples, so too did the Russian Communist State demand unblinking loyalty from its citizens. And as no power was beyond the tsar, so was no aspect of political, social, or cultural control outside the scope of the ruling Communist party. The Communist Party as first led by Vladimir Illyich Lenin, and further developed by Joseph Stalin, controlled every aspect of its people?s lives."
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Transylvania, 2002.
Discusses the fascinating history of this area of Romania and its decline under communist rule.
2,042 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
Copsa Mica is a small town in the Carpathian Mountains of Transylvanian central Romania. Originally a small Lutheran hamlet built in 1402 and known for its Saxon churches, it descended into hell under the communists; a hell comprised of poorly built concrete housing caked black with the leaden fumes of a nearby smelting plant. The paper shows that Copsa Mica gained international notoriety in 1990, following the downfall of the Ceausescu regime, for being one of the most heavily polluted cities in Eastern Europe. According to a CNN report, two out of every three children suffered from a form of mental retardation due to the devastating effects of the town?s carbon plant and metal works. The paper shows that this real tragedy reflects the legacy of Transylvania, an area of Romania known to the West for the Dracula legend. Since the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, this area has been a point of conflict between empires, ethnicities, religions and ideologies.
From the Paper
"The aftermath of the First World War also gave rise to Communism. Communist agitators had first arrived from Germany to destabilize Romania. Russian communists, who wished to expand communist influence after 1917, complimented their numbers. Romanian communism was originally small and limited to academic circles, but agitators were backed by the powerful Soviet regime and managed to blow up the Senate building in Bucharest. Their efforts served but to cauterize Romanians against Communist influence. However, the Russians seized Bessarabia in 1940, compelling Romania under Marshal Ion Antonescu to join the Germans. The Germans, in turn, allowed Hungary to re-annex part of Transylvania including Copsa Mica. Romania regained this territory after the Soviet Union invaded Hungary, causing Romania to switch sides and ally with the United Nations."
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Bosnia, 2002.
A description of the country of Bosnia.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
A brief essay on the country of Bosnia. The paper includes a look at the history, geography and politics of the former Yugoslavian state. The paper explains that due to the long history of invasions and conquerors, the Bosnian people is made of a wide mix of ethnic and religious groups. This is the cause of the many conflicts that exist even to this day.
From the Paper
"The area has a long history, and during the years of Ottoman rule, many Christians became Muslim, and moved into the ruling class working for the Turks. Other residents of the areas viewed this as collaboration, especially when the pattern was repeated during World War II and the same group of people collaborated with the Nazis. This has caused tremendous resentment against Bosnian Muslims by Catholics and Orthodox."
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The Cold War, 2002.
This paper discusses the Cold War, the heightened tension that existed between the two major powers of the world, the United States and the Soviet Union, during the period following the World War II until the end of 1980s.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that the Cold War dominated international politics while it lasted as the two major world powers, United States and the Soviet Union, were locked in intense political and ideological rivalry. The author points out that although the Cold War started after the Second World War, it had its roots in the events that occurred towards the end of World War I. The author believes that the policies of Perestroika and Glasnost by the Mikhail accelerated the collapse of Communism and ended the Cold War.
From the Paper
"One of the most serious Cold War events was the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. It occurred in a dangerous standoff between the Soviets and the US when the latter discovered the secret deployment of Soviet nuclear missiles in Communist Cuba. Only sensible decision making by the US President (Kennedy) and the Soviet leader (Khrushchev) who ignored the advice of ?hawks? prevented a nuclear holocaust. Events that led to the ultimate collapse of the Soviet Union were triggered by the policies of the Reagan administration which stepped up military spending that the ailing economy of the Soviet Union was unable to match. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 to prop up a communist regime resulted in a costly war for the Russians and proved to be the last straw."
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