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The Marxist Philosophy, 2006.
This well-researched paper explores the birth of the Marxist movement and its effect on eastern European countries both before and after the fall of the Soviet Union.
1,981 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper examines the introduction of the Marxist movement which began in the 19th century with the historic publication of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' "Communist Manifesto." This paper details the negative aspects of a capitalist society and the advantages of socialism, including the positive effects on education, literacy and national healthcare. This paper focuses on the eastern European countries, including Lithuania, Croatia and Russia, that adopted both Communist and Marxist approaches to society and government.
Table Of Contents:
Introduction
Marxism
National Minority System
Government
Education
Health and Welfare
Constitutional Government
Education
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The ideas of both class struggle and classless community were already familiar in Marx's time. The notion that economic interests in society necessarily are in conflict has been traced as far back as Thucydides, while the first decades of the 19th century were rife with sundry socialist critiques of the existing economic order and attempts to found utopian, classless communities. Marx coupled these two ideas in a novel way. The problem of every utopian writer is not to describe what his utopia looks like but to suggest how one achieves it. In his theory of history, Marx adopted the idea of the class struggle as the driving mechanism in the sequence of events that would culminate in the classless society."
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The Russian Experience in the U.S., 2006.
This well-researched paper examines the Russian immigration to America which dates back to 1720.
4,710 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 147.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper details the Russian immigration to the U.S. which began in 1720 with Vitus Bering. This paper describes the mitigating factors that pushed many Russians over the years to leave their homeland in pursuit of a better life, including religious persecution and communism. The writer of this paper describes the various religions and ethnicities within Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States. This paper chronicles the rich cultural heritage the immigrants brought with them to the U.S. particularly in theater, ballet, dance and music. Also discussed in this paper is the extreme prejudice subjected on immigrants during the 1950s, the age of McCarthyism. This paper contains facts and information pertaining to the various waves of immigration from the late 1880s to the early 1920s. This paper also details how well the Russian community at present has adapted to life in the U.S. in regards to employment, education, language and political beliefs.
From the Paper
"The linguistic transition is more difficult for older immigrants, especially those who remain in enclaves where there is a significant population of others who speak the same language. Younger immigrants are more adept at learning a new language since their natural ability to assimilate a new language is higher at their age. In addition, the cultural influences that surround them and peer pressure act as a powerful impetus to learn English. The globalization of the economy presents a greater opportunity for those who are bilingual, creating jobs that they are uniquely qualified for."
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Crime in the Former Soviet Union, 2006.
This well-researched and informative paper examines the political and socio-economic changes that have taken place in Russia since the late-1980s which have proven conducive to criminal development.
3,308 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper explores the years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union when the overall security and political situation throughout the region had gradually transformed from a communist regime to one of extreme corruption. This paper discusses the present Russian view of criminal issues while paying close attention to the Russian mafia phenomenon which is a direct outgrowth of the unconventional economy and related corruption. This paper also contains detailed facts and information pertaining to Russia's political history and economy both before and after the fall of the Soviet Union.
Outline
Introduction
Historical Change in the Definition of "Crime and Mafia"
Economy, Crime and Security in the Post-Soviet Era
Drug-Related Crimes
Acts of Violence
Uncontrolled Migration
Smuggling and Other Crimes
Russian Security Cooperation
Opposition Toward Change
Reducing Anarchy
Government Officials
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In the years since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the independence of the three Baltic republics, the overall political and security situation throughout the Baltic Sea region has become gradually transformed. The delicate East-West balance in Northeastern Europe that was maintained by just a few actors during the cold war era has given way to a security environment that is fluid and conditions which are manipulated by a multiple of diverse new actors. In addition, there has been a dramatic shift in the characterization of security threats and priorities in the region."
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European Integration, 2006.
This paper examines the European Union and the Maastricht Treaty that is responsible for bringing about economic integration within the member countries.
2,823 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
The writer of this well-researched and informative paper details the history of the EU, established in 1993, as well as the Maastricht Treaty which was responsible for the successful economic integration within the member countries. This paper also cites the various drawbacks within the EU such as the lack of an armed force capable of more than just post-conflict interposition. This paper stresses the political vision and concepts behind the EU as well as the growing need for broader security structures and even more economic integration between the member countries.
From the Paper
"The European Union was established in 1993 with the Maastricht treaty that was responsible to bring about economic integration with the member countries. This is considered as one of the most powerful and strategic economic trade integration, and is responsible for contribution of nearly one-third of the entire world's trade. This has been so successful because of the fact that the west European countries have all formed together to form this agreement and have also initiated the single currency that is sued in this region called the Euro. Now after this the European commission is actually aiming at getting their political and commercial interaction with Latin America, and all effort is being put to get this done with as soon as possible."
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"The Jungle", 2006.
This paper reviews and analyzes author Upton Sinclair's criticism of capitalism in his novel "The Jungle."
1,310 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines author Upton Sinclair's support of socialism and contempt for capitalism as depicted in his novel "The Jungle." The author describes capitalism as a cruel institution where the working class are treated poorly and forced to live in poverty so that others may profit while socialism is personified as the savior of mankind. This paper details the plot of the novel which revolves around Jurgis Rudkus and his family who have recently immigrated to the U.S. from Lithuania. Also discussed is the shameless exploitation of immigrants in America.
From the Paper
"Socialism is personified as the savior of mankind in the last chapters of The Jungle when a charismatic preacher-like speaker begins his presentation at a socialist rally. Sinclair designs the speaker to have a strong, captivating message, which no one can refute. In fact, the message is a brief summary of the negative events that have happened to Jurgis thus far in the novel. The speaker is telling Jurgis how to live a better life in one easy step: become a socialist. When Jurgis converts to socialism, all of the negative experiences of his past years in America melt away."
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Estonia and Privatization, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines Estonia's privatization program which has made the Baltic state a model for private enterprise reform.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 85.95
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Abstract
This well researched paper details Estonia's economy as well as its program of privatization for more than 400 major enterprises which leads the Baltics in the number of wide-scale privatizations. Although Estonia is still a young and immature economy, its prospects could turn out to be far more superior than expected. The writer also discusses how Estonia's small-scale privatization and later globalization of the economy began as a part of the larger reform movement in the era of Soviet perestroika.
From the Paper
"Though it is a young, immature market economy, Estonia is still just that - a market economy. Its prospects could further turn out to be superior than is conventionally expected. Perhaps an analogy - for all of the differences - of Japan's economic miracle is relevant. Indeed, the basis is arguably in the process of being laid for an economic miracle - a chudo. The region possesses an emerging educated population with considerable skills. For the first time in over seven decades, its scientific and technical capabilities are linked to the marketplace - something heretofore impossible. A post-communist generation has emerged, eager to partake in the building of a modern industrial country."
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The Cold War, 2005.
An overview of the causes, events and results of the Cold War between America and Russia.
1,018 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
The Cold War was a political reflection of strategic, ideological and economic rivalries between the USSR and America. This paper shows how the power struggle between the U.S. and the USSR had grave consequences on all domestic and foreign policies and impacted everyday life around the world.
From the Paper
"In summary, what appeared was a new world order in which the United States held economic and military supremacy, challenged only by the Soviet Union. In that context, the West Pacific Rim and continental Europe recovered and resumed their pre-War growth paths by adopting international strategies to achieve national development, while the United States and the Soviet Union became increasingly distracted by military concerns."
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The Cold War, 2006.
A paper describing the series of historical political events that brought an end to the Cold War.
1,319 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there were many factors leading to the end of the Cold War, including the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Soviet disengagement from Europe, the pioneering role of Poland in the elections of 1989, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the Reunification of Germany. The paper also describes the structural and long-term factors that contributed to the transformation of Soviet policy such as the stagnating economy, the burden of the arms race, and the persisting challenge of nationalism.
From the Paper
"The Cold War was a worldwide conflict between the United States and the United Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) in the years following World War II. The expansion of Stalin's control in Eastern Europe, the competition for nuclear weapons, and differing philosophies of political and economic life contributed to the growing tension between the East and West. For over forty years, the United States and the Soviet Union confronted one another directly and indirectly all over the world. The most important areas of tension were Berlin, Southeast Asia, and Cuba. Thus, the history of the Cold War is the history of the world since 1945. For forty-five years, through missile crises, the Vietnam War, and the collapse of the Berlin Wall, the world lived in anxiety. Finally, the Soviet Union was dissolved in the last days of 1991, bringing the cold war to an end."
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The European Monetary Union, 2005.
This paper discusses the problems of the European Monetary Union (EMU) or as many call it the Common Market, and its future.
4,890 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 150.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the future of the the European Monetary Union (EMU) is questionable because the leaders of the EMU and the world have some grave doubts as to its future; however, there is a never-ending stream of applications of new nations, mostly from Eastern Europe, wishing to join. The author points out that the problems revolve around the issues of (1) determining the size of the role of the welfare state; (2) the conflict about monetary policies, led by the United Kingdom and (3) corruption within member nations. The paper suggest that the resolution of the welfare issues through such mechanisms as a community's insurance is unlikely given (1) the cost, (2) the risk factors, (3) the macro-economic factors and (4) the failure of some of the countries already within the EMU to resolve their own individual country's welfare issues.
Table of Contents
Introduction and the State of Knowledge
Empirical Findings
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Developments towards more segmented welfare states or dual welfare states are likely, although national governments may still maintain regulatory and taxation tools to control the growth of market based and other non-governmental welfare provisions in such a way that universal access to quality welfare provision and relatively equal distributions of income and welfare is possible. This will remain domestic policy issues and choices for which national governments to a large extent can be held politically accountable. But the social and political bases for state organized solidarity. Likewise, new forms of solidarity may develop on a trans-national or trans-regional basis where state boundaries will to a lesser extent than before constrain or limit such solidarity from developing."
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"Yugoslavia vs. Belgium et. al." 1999, 2005.
This paper presents a detailed account of the international public law case of "Yugoslavia vs. Belgium et. al." 1999, which resulted from their intervention into the Serbian conflict.
7,420 words (approx. 29.7 pages), 24 sources, MLA, AU$ 198.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although one of the most publicized and recent examples of genocide in Northern Europe was related to the break-up of the country of Yugoslavia, the history of the division among the two ethnic groups, the Slavic Christian Serbo-Croatians and the Islamic Turks, goes back almost a 1000 years. The author points out that Slobodan Milosevic was so determined to maintain control over Yugoslavia and its related provinces that he brought all of the NATO countries to the World Court over their decision to use military force against the human rights violations. The paper states that the World Court denied Yugoslavia's request to order ten NATO countries to halt their bombing because (1) it had no jurisdiction in the case and (2) refused to let Yugoslavia stretch the concept of genocide beyond its proper bounds. Several long quotes.
From the Paper
"Yugoslavia, being both the Applicant and the State seeking provisional measures, would speak first, addressing its requests for the indication of provisional measures in respect of all the cases. Yugoslavia would be followed by the individual Respondents, each of which would address the case to which it was Party for the purposes of these cases. The Respondents would be heard in their English alphabetical order, which was also the order in which the various cases had been entered on the Court's General List. These practical arrangements were without prejudice to any subsequent decision by the Court, pursuant to Article 47 of its Rules, at any time to direct that proceedings be joined, or to direct common action in respect of one or more elements of the proceedings pending before it."
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Russia and Europe, 2005.
This paper discusses that Russia will never become an integral part of Europe.
1,810 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, after the collapse of the once all-powerful communist system in the Soviet Union in 1991, the natural progression seemed to be the prompt absorption of Russia into Europe; however, despite Russia's attempt to adopt a central government, the enlargement of negotiations with the European Union and the fact that most Russians want this integration, it hasn't happened. The author points out that geography is a major reason because (1) Russia, the world's largest country and more than twice the size of the entire continent of Europe, is seen by the European countries to be overpowering and (2) the border countries of eastern Europe--Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Poland-are now strongly anti-communist. The paper contends that the most important reason that this merger has not yet happened is because of (1) the difference in normative values, including psychological characteristics, behavioral patterns and cultural orientations, and of (2) Europe's remaining conception of Russia as an intimidating military "superpower".
From the Paper
"The security issue is two-fold, as well. In fact, there is a growing apprehension in Russia that Europe may come to dominate Russia economically, and may exclude it from the life of Europe and deny Russia access to Eastern Europe and former parts of the USSR, and that a new "encirclement of the Motherland" may start forming. These worries are not limited to the extremist camp and are spreading through the entire establishment of the Russian Federation. Many believe that this will lead to a new division of the continent, which is dangerous to peace and Russian development."
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The Disintegration of Yugoslavia, 2006.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the world's attitudes towards the country's situation.
2,354 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
When one considers the disintegration of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) one is compelled to explore the questions of why the disintegration was so violent and how does it continue to challenge stability across the rest of the continent and indeed the world? For some the answers are rather surprising and indeed many of them are shocking when the recent and continuing war in the Balkans is seen in its totality. In order to compress the information insofar as one may to fit our allotted space the study has four basic parts. First the historic background, second the triggering mechanisms of the current conflict, third a discussion of the greater reasons, and fourth why the lack of a full settlement of the issues still impacts the world.
Thesis Statement
The Historical Background
The Triggering Mechanisms of the Current Crisis
The Greater Reasons for the Conflict
The Continued Impact on the Region and World
From the Paper
"The new administration has pledged to accomplish these goals however with other issues such as education, tax-cuts and dealing with a troublesome economy the priority for making the changes becomes a shadowy timetable to establish. Many other factors are involved too from the U. S. point of view verses our partners in the Western Intervention Alliance. For example, the time lag that comes into play anytime an administration changes. Add to this the different thrusts in establishing a workable foreign policy and one readily observes the new Secretary of State is indeed going to be a very busy person."
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European Identity, 2004.
An analysis of the problems facing the European Union regarding a national identity.
2,163 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the difficulty of the establishment of a European identity, questioning whether any European identity can be formed at all. The paper explains that the present union consists of a large number of member states and all these states have existed for a long time and have distinct national identities. The paper examines the basic question of whether a European demos and identity can be formed and how that will compete with the existing national identities. The paper also questions whether a "new" European identity will change the national identities and if so, how much of a change is really required. The paper presents the belief that the nature of identity for Europe cannot be the same as a national identity, as the nations have been formed through struggle for recognition for a particular culture, history, language and identity.
Outline
Introduction
Policy Making & Agenda Setting
Enlargement
A European Constitution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The formation of nations can be started from the top of society by the elites, or through different types of social movements or other organized action. In all cases the start of a separate nation involves recognition for a particular national community in the world around the community. This recognition is received by the people who are a part of the group, or are made a part of the group. For Europe to be viewed as a nation, there has to be recognition of some unique features of being a European, and that has to be of history, culture and language. This has to be recognized by the Europeans. The search for cultural unity has to be combined with a search for the unique and separate features of Europe so that the Europeans can distinguish themselves from non-Europeans. This makes it unlikely that there will be a European identity similar to that of a nation. Instead one has to look for a European identity that can exist above the national identity."
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"The Sources of Soviet Conduct", 2004.
An analysis of "The Sources of Soviet Conduct" by George F. Kennan.
1,446 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses George F. Kennan's article, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct". The paper examines how this piece of writing helped shape the American Foreign Policy toward Moscow. The paper contends that the article shows a profound understanding of some of the political realities that characterized the international relations immediately after the Second World War.
From the Paper
"The policy of containment appeared from the necessity to fill the prospective void in the relations between the Western powers and its former Soviet allies, as the two parties became clearly involved on different sides of the Iron Curtain. The Cold War implied new rules and conflict regulations, especially given the new weapons characteristics (the Soviets would be producing their first A-bomb in 1949). Although the principle of assured mutual destruction was a policy that had many proselytes during a certain period of time, the policy of containment seemed not only more reasonable, but also more constructive. One of the main theoreticians setting the basis for containment was George Kennan, in his article "The Sources of Soviet Conduct"."
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Russia and Nationalism, 2005.
This paper reviews literature about Russia and nationalism during the Russian Revolution.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that "nationalism", devotion to one's nation, a policy of national independence, has become kind of a "catch-phrase" for extreme patriotism. The author points out that Lenin's view of how nationalism, pride of country, was that it would simply take over and provide momentum for the new nation, which was formed out of the rubble of the October Revolution; he believed that ordinary working people could take power into their own hands and administer complex economic systems through a commune state. The paper stresses that nationalism in its extreme is a brutal political policy, where the head of government institutes strategies such as Lenin and Hitler did.
From the Paper
"The Bolsheviks believed that they were "to be part of an international proletarian revolutionary movement." They were counting on their revolution in Russia sparking "similar revolutions throughout Europe," Fitzpatrick wrote. The Bolsheviks believed during the Civil War in the middle of 1918 that this was a "class war" (63), in international and in domestic terms. It was, to the Bolsheviks, a war against the Russian bourgeoisie brought by the Russian proletariat, and a war of international revolution "against international capitalism"."
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Ukraine Politics, 2005.
An examination of issues regarding Ukrainian integration into NATO and the EU.
4,321 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 15 sources, APA, AU$ 138.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the history of the Ukraine for the past 15 years. The paper points out that this history helps understand the current political situation in Ukraine and the hurdles it faces before fully integrating into NATO and the EU.
From the Paper
"Communist experience of Ukraine was the main break factor which prevented country from integration to Europe, free equal trade with western and eastern partners, military reform and other essential reforms of civil state. Pro-Russian parliamentarians, who were former members of the Communist party continued to be loyal to Russia and Russian domination in Eastern Europe, so they did their best in order to keep "warm relations with big brother" and did what Kremlin wanted them to do. For a decade Ukrainian politicians were lost what side to support: Russia's or the side of Europe. As a result of such corruptive and selfish political management Ukraine became backward country with ruined heavy industry and collapsing agricultural sector. Inflation reached unbelievable rate (100 000 % if compared to 1991) and average salary in the year of 2004 was approximately 100$ . But the problems of the country were not limited only to economical problems."
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