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Reforms in Poland, 1990.
This paper dsicusses economic, political and social reforms in Poland as related to socialist history: Western assistance and investment, past reforms, other Eastern bloc nations, possible outcomes and effects on Polish people.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 12 sources, AU$ 139.95
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"In March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Central Committee, and Chairman of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Council of Defense. In the somewhat more than five years that he has been the nation's leader, he has introduced far reaching social, political, and economic initiatives.
While economic, political, and social change in the Soviet Union was beginning to emerge under Gorbachev's leadership, however, such change had either been attempted or was already underway in some of the other socialist states. Perhaps the socialist country with the longest uninterrupted experience with change of this sort is Poland. Labor unrest precipitated political turmoil in that country in the summer of 1956, and the ... "
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American and Soviet Labor Movements, 1990.
This paper compares American and Soviet labor movements: History, development, ideology, economic issues and impact of perestroika.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 116.95
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From the Paper
"The following is a comparative study of the American and Soviet labor movements. The fundamental goals of labor movements everywhere are the same--to improve the material and social conditions of life for the ordinary working people who make up the bulk of any nation's population. From their inceptions, however, the labor movements in the United States and Russia (originally the Czarist Russian Empire, now the Soviet Union) have differed widely.
Historical Background--Russia
n the beginning, in the nineteenth century, the Russian labor movement was an integral, if relatively undeveloped, part of the broader European labor movement. The European labor tradition, closely tied to socialist ideology and political ... "
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Revolution in Czechoslovakia, 1990.
This paper discusses background events leading up to and culminating in the 1989 overthrow of the communist government in Czechoslovakia.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 198.95
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"The disestablishment of communism in Czechoslovakia at the end of 1989 was surprising in both the way it happened and the extent to which it happened, leading to question whether a revolution had actually taken place. However, Webster's Dictionary defines "revolution" as "a sudden, radical, or complete change," and a political revolution involves fundamental changes in the structure of a society, its basic beliefs, and individual behavior. This, experts argue, is what has and is still taking place in Czechoslovakia, a one-time stable and closely-tied Soviet Union ally.
The purpose of this research will be to discuss the revolution in Czechoslovakia, including the events leading up to it, the "10-days of revolution," and the revolution's consequences for the nation and its Eastern European neighbors."
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Hedrick Smith's "The Russians", 1990.
This paper examines Hedrick Smith's "The Russians" about pre-glasnost Soviet population from governmental perspective.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, AU$ 57.95
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"This study will examine Hedrick Smith's "The Russians" from a governmental perspective, including consideration of the theme of the book, the author's purpose, reactions to specific ideas, and the reasons for such reactions.
From a governmental perspective, the analysis of Smith's portrayal of the Russian people is a difficult task because the book was written before the advent of glasnost and perestroika and is thus somewhat obsolete in its depiction of the human side of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gorbachev, the architect of these more liberal foreign and domestic policies, is mentioned only twice, and in those instances Smith argues that Gorbachev is probably too young to be elevated to a position of prominent leadership in the Soviet Union. Half a decade later, however, the policies of Gorbachev have transformed the Soviet Union and ... "
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Soviet Environmental Law, 1990.
This paper analyzes Soviet's socialist approach to protecting the land: Ecology, agriculture, water and air pollution, conservation, perestroika, natural resources, economic aspects, public policy, legislation, Chernobyl and international issues.
5,400 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 20 sources, AU$ 198.95
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"The socialist society is founded upon public ownership and management of nonconsumption assets; the government is required to act as a conservator. This function has proved to be incompatible with "socialist legality," the ideal that the government should adhere to a known law.
SOVIET ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: GENERAL ANALYSIS
Article 14 of the original Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics declared all natural resources, lands, minerals and forests to be the property of the state, incapable of private ownership and exploitation: thus government action was necessary to preserve the environment or remedy pollution. Article 67 of the 1977 Constitution obligates citizens to "protect nature and conserve its riches."
Under the 1968 Fundamental Land Legislation of the Supreme
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The Cold War, 1979.
This paper analyzes the United States' views on the principal aspects of the Cold War as indicated by its governmental leadership including
economic and ideological post-war goals.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 93.95
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"The purpose of this research is to provide an analysis of the United States' views on the principal aspects of the Cold War as indicated by its governmental leadership.
American occupation policy in Europe resulted from the agreements made between Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin at Yalta in February of 1945, and elaborated upon at the Potsdam Conference later that year. Yalta is generally spoken of as the beginning of the Cold War but deeper roots go back to the Casablance Conference, which Churchill proclaimed to be the "end of the beginning." By declaring for "unconditional surrender, the Conference was held to serve the purpose of assuring Stalin the allies would never make a separate peace with Hitler. This was a message never accepted by Stalin, only heightening his belief the allies would fight to the last drop of Russian blood."
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Russia's Socialist System, 1979.
This paper analyzes the Russian social system: Its strengths and weaknesses, major trends in Soviet economic thought & politics since the revolution, the necessary diversions from Marxist dogma and concessions to a more capitalist system.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 139.95
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"The following research is on the subject of developed socialism in the Soviet Union. In the now almost two-year old Carter Administration we have witnessed a renewed interest in the more competitive aspects of the relationship between the United Stats and the Soviet Union. The rather crude utilization of the carrot-and-stick philosophy of relations with an adversary has focused attention on the relative strengths and weaknesses of both our respective military and economic systems. Those who seek to know the "bottom line" - and tend to oversimplify in getting there - are again asking, "Who is the stronger?"
It has been said of the development of our two nations that the United Stats is gradually becoming more socialistic and the Soviet Union more capitalistic; and some speculate that the two nations will, at some unspecified future date, meet, their ... "
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Lithuania, 1974.
This paper studies of how Lithuania became a nation, having won independence in post WWI Europe and being seized by the USSR in a pre-WWII power grab.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 186.95
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"The tiny country of Lithuania, located on the shores of the Baltic Sea, is dwarfed both in size and population by the other Eastern European countries. Indeed, Lithuania is no longer a sovereign state; since 1940 it has been a member of the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics, herein known as the Soviet Union. The purpose of this paper will be to analyze the events in the years 1939 and 1940 that led to the reincorporation of this small country into its giant neighbor to the east. An analysis of this nature necessarily involves not only a brief look at the background of the country, but also a discussion on the causes of the events that occurred during these two years.
Lithuania was under Czarist control for approximately one hundred and twenty years before the outbreak of World War I. However, one must be led to believe that the Lithuanians are ... "
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Agricultural Development Of USSR, 1973.
This paper reviews the agricultural development of the USSR up to 1970, plans and collective farms. Statistics.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 57.95
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"As might be expected in a country as vast as the USSR, there is an abundance of almost all natural resources. Almost the only commodities which the environment of the Soviet Union does not provide for itself are those of tropical agriculture, such as natural rubber, cacao and coffee. It is above all in minerals that the country is exceedingly wealthy.
But the prime resource of any country is land, and the USSR has one-seventh of the world's land surface. Not all the land, however, is of great value. Extensive areas are tundra, desert, or mountainous, where climate or relief make agriculture impossible and even settlement difficult. The arable land of the USSR is largely confined to the three natural zones of steppe, forest steppe, and mixed forest. Outside these zones there are only very limited, although important, areas of arable land in ... "
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Emancipation of the Serfs in Russia, 1972.
This paper discusses the reasons, plans, results and problems of the emancipation of the serfs in Russia.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 81.95
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""I drink this toast with particular pleasure. No others are needed, for in reality we owe the Emancipation to the Emperor alone."Count Leo Tolstoy.
The Emancipation of the serfs in Russia was instigated by the Tsar himself and supported by a narrow coterie of liberal intellectuals who considered serfdom a moral evil. The Tsar's opposition to serfdom originated in moral indignation against what he considered a "centuries old injustice.". It did not arise from pressure on the part of the nobility nor as a result of agitation on the part of the peasants themselves.
More importantly, it did not result from any sort, however limited or simplistic, of analysis of the economic problems of ... "
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The Destruction of a Country, 2002.
A research paper on the war in Bosnia which began in 1992.
1,246 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
A paper which traces the causes, course and results of the Bosnian war which destroyed this once peaceful country. The paper shows how, from a mosaic country made up of every religion and ethnic group, Bosnia became divided by racial hatred and led to a genocide not seen in the world since World War II. The paper examines the concentration camps, the Serbian atrocities and the way in which the international community became involved.
From the Paper
"Now, almost a decade after the brunt of the fighting has ceased, the country still remains in shambles. The war devastated the entire country to the point that no restoration is apparent. My friend, Sanela, has returned to her country once since she fled here to the Unites States. ?The whole country is demolished. I would say over 90 percent of the entire country has been completely destroyed by the war.?
Looking back on this war as part of a research paper, it is horrifying to try to imagine what it must have been like to actually have been there. I accidentally stumbled upon Sanela?s past; she has never talked to anyone about this except what is left of her family. I am thankful that she has shared her story with me and shed light on this subject that I knew absolutely nothing about. I am more thankful today for my friends and family and everything I have. Once you have become close to someone who has lost everything, you begin to realize how petty your problems really are."
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Turkey's Bid for EU Membership, 2002.
Examined whether Ankara can change its domestic and foreign policy sufficiently to satisfy the European Union.
2,441 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical relationship between Turkey and the European Union and analyze the five demands most recently placed on Turkey by the EU in order to be considered for full membership into the organization - Turkey must pursue political and economic reforms; address human rights issues; improve its relationship with Greece; support UN mediation efforts in Cyprus and finally Turkey must not object to Cyprus? EU membership.
From the Paper
"Turkey spans two continents. It wants to play a role in the affairs of both. Turkey is active in affairs of the Middle East, the Turkish-speaking former Soviet Republics such as Turkministan, and in European political, security, and economic organizations. Turkey is a member of every European organization except the European Union. It plays an active role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) which protected western Europe against Soviet aggression. Turkey has wanted to join the European Union for a long time. The EU has rebuffed it for many reasons including Turkey;s political structure, human rights abuses, and having a weak economy. But Turkey feels like the real reason that they have not been accepted is that they are a Muslim nation. This paper will examine the historical relationship between Turkey and the European Union and analyze the five demands most recently placed on Turkey by the EU in order to be considered for full membership into the organization."
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Sorrow in Bosnia, 2001.
A review of the book, "Sarajevo Blues" by Semezdin Mehmedinovic, illustrating an insider's view of the Bosnian war.
1,562 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a historical background of the war in Bosnia. The book, "Sarajevo Blues" by Semezdin Mehmedinovic is discussed in order to illustrate a personal account of the day to day existence in Sarajevo, during the Bosnian war. The factors that tore Bosnia apart and rendered it helpless to the conflicts raging within, are outlined in the paper.
From the Paper
"The war started in April 1992, when Yugoslavia was dissolved because the former leader, Tito, had passed away. This resulted in a vying for power between the three ethnicities in Bosnia. The Muslims and Croats favored independence for Bosnia while most of the Serbs did not. However, the votes were over 63% in favor of independence and since this meets the standard for recognition by the US and the EU, Bosnia was recognized as an independent country in April 1992."
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The Kosovo Conflict: Military Intervention and Humanitarian Crisis, 2002.
A paper which studies the structure and dynamics of the Kosovo Conflict and the humanitarian crisis management by the international community.
7,694 words (approx. 30.8 pages), 20 sources, MLA, AU$ 244.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the Kosovo conflict, its escalation in 1998 and its subsequent management. It is divided in four parts. First, it deals with the accusations of human rights violations within the province and presents diverse evidence from various human rights groups on the existence of such abuses. Second, it examines the Serbian response to these allegations and the reasons behind Milosevic's unwillingness to rectify the worsening situation. Third, it presents an evaluation of the need for intervention with regard to International Law and previous humanitarian practice. Fourth, it analyzes the diplomatic and military actions taken by the International Community.
Table of Contents:
Introduction.
The Human Rights Situation in Kosovo:
History of Albanian Mistreatment.
Allegations of Human Rights Violations.
The Serbian Response to Accusations of Human Rights Violations.
An Evaluation of the Need for Intervention with Regard to International Humanitarian Law
An Examination of the Accusations of Human Rights Violations.
On the Legality of Military Intervention.
International Action
International Humanitarian Action in Perspective: The Failure of Diplomacy and the NATO Bombing Campaign
Belated Recommendations: Was there an Alternative?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Bosnia and the Kosovo conflicts marked the biggest outbreaks of violence in Europe after the end of the Second World War. The instable political environment in federal Yugoslavia after the fall of communism, brought about the emergence of salient ethnic issues, which led to the deaths of tens of thousands of people. The focus of this paper is the Kosovo conflict, the human rights violations that led to its escalation, and the international response that followed. Even though the situation in Serbia has changed and democratic parties are in power, the Kosovo question is still far from being resolved due to the mutual hatred of Serbs and Albanians. Moreover, the downturn of the Kosovo crisis gave credibility to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) as a political player, which has further exacerbated the situation not only in Kosovo, but also in neighboring Montenegro and Macedonia."
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Enlargement of the European Union, 2002.
A discussion of the criteria for new countries attempting to enter the European Union and the effects of enlargement.
2,702 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an insight to the European Union. It begins with a brief history from the Treaty of Paris in 1951 with 6 countries until the current 15 member countries. It examines the effect of enlargement such as the political, economical, and cultural benefits and shows how adding the prospective countries would instill a greater sense of safety and peace. It looks at the 13 countries who are currently being examined to enter the European Union, the necessary economic and political conditions that must be met and the extent to which each individual country meets them.
From the Paper
"After having gone through two major world wars, Europe was ready for a settlement. This basic idea was the start of the need for a unification of the European countries, since this unification would be the key to finally keeping peace. In 1946, Churchill called for a ?United States of Europe? that would have control over the production of coal and steel, two German resources that were known as being instrumental catalysts of war. The allied countries after the war felt that if Germany continued to have complete control over these resources, a future outbreak of war could be possible. As a result of this the six countries, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, became the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community by signing the Treaty of Paris in 1951."
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"Out of this Furnace" by Thomas Bell and " How The Other Half Lives" by Jacob Riis, 2000.
A comparison of the depictions of Jewish immigrants and Slovaks, with a brief consideration of Lithuanians in Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle."
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 69.95
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"Thomas Bell, in his novel Out of This Furnace, deals with three generations of Slovaks and their experience in the United States, and Jacob A. Riis, in his photojournalistic How the Other Half Lives, covers the experiences of immigrants of a number of different nationalities and ethnicities at the turn of the century. This study will focus on the experiences of Jewish immigrants as depicted in Riis, comparing those to the experiences of the Slovaks in Bell's novel. Despite some important differences among the experiences of the Jews and the Slovaks, and the specific years examined, the studies are far more alike than different in their overall portraits of the suffering and exploitation of those immigrant groups in the era in which the industrial revolution exploded. The study will also briefly consider Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle, in which..."
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