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"The Russian Revolution: 1917-1932" by Sheila Fitzpatrick, 1993.
An examination of the stages of the Revolution, including its causes, aims, the author's approach and the outcome and impact on society.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, AU$ 93.95
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From the Paper
"Author Sheila Fitzpatrick examines in her book, The Russian Revolution: 1917-1932, the most basic aspects of the revolution--causes, the aims, social support, the impact on the Russian society, the political outcome, and the time span of the revolution itself. Her essential theme is that the Russian Revolution differed from other revolutions in that it peculiarly has been described by various historians as ending at different times. Fitzpatrick treats the February and October Revolutions of 1917, the Civil War, the interlude of the New Economic Policy and Stalin's initial Five Year plan as successive stages in the overall revolution (p. 3).
Fitzpatrick compares her view to that of Crane Brinton in Anatomy of Revolution, suggesting that revolutions have a form of their own, passing through the stages of enthusiasm for radical..."
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Breakup of the Soviet Union, 1993.
A look at the history, ideology, leadership, politics, economics, Gorbachev's reforms, republic's sovereignty and the failure of communism.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 16 sources, AU$ 128.95
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From the Paper
"The Breakup of the Soviet Union
This paper will discuss the dissolution of the Soviet Union, focusing particularly upon the nature of the communist government and the effects of Mikhail Gorbachev's economic, political, and social reforms in the 1980s.
The Soviet Union was established in 1917 as a result of revolutionary developments in Russia dating back to the 19th Century. At the beginning of the 20th Century, Russia was essentially a feudal society, lagging economically and politically behind the countries of western Europe. A few individuals had been inspired by the American and French revolutions in the 18th Century to attempt to change the autocratic government of the Tsar, but had little support within Russia (Gooding, 1992, 38-39). The movement towards a more..."
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Bosnian Civil War, 1993.
An examination of the Bosnian civil war, including a look at the background, ethnic cleansing, international responses, parties involved, military aspects and the future.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 116.95
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From the Paper
"The civil war in Bosnia and neighboring "republics" of the former Yugoslavia has led in 1992 and 1993 to the most violent fighting and greatest bloodshed that has been seen anywhere in Europe since the end of the Second World War. It has added the phrase "ethnic cleansing" to our lexicon of cynical political euphemisms, and introduced such new horrors to the twentieth century's already-long list as the reputed existence of "rape camps" where women are raped on a large scale and a systematic basis, as a component of political strategy in inter-ethnic strategy (MacKinnon, 1993).
The Bosnian civil war has also posed an intense challenge to the "new world order" that was proclaimed so confidently after the collapse of Soviet communism and the US.-led coalition victory in the Persian Gulf War. Did the concept of a new world..."
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Criminal Justice in Russia, 1993.
A look at the evolution of the judicial system from Gorbachev's reform to the new Russian republic.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 104.95
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From the Paper
"The issues facing the various republics that were once bound together as the Soviet Union are considerable, and these formerly communist-led regions are having to rethink their various social, cultural, and political institutions and to try to develop new approaches more in keeping with the democracies they aspire to become. Russia today is faced with this problem in terms of its criminal justice system, and the restructuring of this system was actually started before the breakup of the Soviet Union. It is now being carried forward in an atmosphere of experimentation that may at times clash with the more conservative nature of law, and reform continues to be the motivating element in these efforts. This means that there is a recognition that the old system was unjust and that it would not suit the sort of society Russia has become and intends to build to an even greater degree."
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Gorbachev and Yeltsin, 1993.
A comparison of leadership styles and the aims of the two reformist Soviet leaders.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 81.95
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From the Paper
"Leadership - in the former Soviet Union and the current independent Republic of Russia - is a term that has only recently taken on a comparative meaning. Prior to the helmsmanship of Nikita Khrushchev (1953-64), the country was led by the institution of the Czarist empire (died 1917), then by the cults of personality centered around Vladimir Lenin (1917-1924) and Josef Stalin (1926-1953).. In the former case, imperial leadership was exercised primarily via bureaucratic momentum (or non-momentum, as World War I disastrously proved). Since that era, after the brief establishing rule of Lenin was succeeded by the long dictatorship of Stalin, leadership in the Soviet Union was reduced to the level of personal fiat. Policy dialogue with other national leaders, let alone political debate, was most definitely not a consideration. From Khrushchev through the..."
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U.S. National Security in the Pacific and Asia, 1993.
Examines the effects of the breakup of the Soviet Union, discussing military, foreign policy, internal conditions in China, Japan, Korea and Indochina.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 27 sources, AU$ 174.95
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From the Paper
"National Security in the Pacific and Asia
This paper will discuss present United States national security interests in the Pacific region and future interests in light of the changing world situation. Specifically, the paper will examine 1) the effect of the dissolution of the Soviet Union on Asia and the Pacific region and how this event has changed the United States interests in this part of the world; and 2) the effect this dissolution has had on the various countries in Asia and the Pacific and their military capabilities.
Until 1992, United States interests in the Pacific and Asia revolved around containment of Soviet influence and interests in the region (Crowe-& Romberg, 1991, p. 124; Bosworth, 1991/92, p. 114). Since the end of the Second World War, the United States has sought to contain the spread of communism in Asia and the ..."
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Russian - Japanese Relations, 1993.
History of foreign and military relations between Japan and the Soviet Union since World War II, examining additional material on relations between the nations since the Soviet collapse and the rise of the new Russia.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 139.95
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From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
Relations between Japan and the Soviet Union have been much affected by the strategic position of Japan. It is relatively near the Atlantic coast of the old Soviet Union and current Russia. Japanese foreign policy has been conducted in terms of the geography of the country, with the four main islands of Japan standing off the coast of East Asia, near the peninsula of Korea, and surrounded by other islands, including the currently disputed Sakhalin and Kurile Islands to the north. Relations have shifted over the years, and Japan has drawn closer to the rest of the world as technology has improved:
The power of Russia, China, and the United States and the policies of these countries toward Japan have changed dramatically during the past fifty years. But ..."
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U.S.-Soviet Arms Control, 1992.
Looks at the evolution of disarmament since WWII, emphasizing the 1980s and the impact of the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991-92.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 69.95
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From the Paper
"This study will discuss strategic arms control and disarmament issues between the United States and the Soviet Union. The study will briefly review the evolution of these issues from the end of World War II up to February, 1992, in the wake of the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the extremely uncertain and unstable circumstances which prevail as a result of that disintegration.
The Cold War (now declared "dead" in the aftermath of the break-up of the Soviet Union) stretched over more than four decades and was most terrifying in terms of the nuclear issues which dominated that period from the end of World War II to late 1991 when the Soviet Union was officially broken up. For the bulk of that period --- in the wake of the American bombing of two Japanese cities and the creation by the Soviets of their own ..."
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"The Bridge on the Drina", 1992.
A critical analysis of this novel by a Yugoslavian Nobel Prize-winning author.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, AU$ 69.95
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From the Paper
"THE BRIDGE ON THE DRINA
The Bridge on the Drina is arguably the greatest work of the Nobel Prize-winning author Ivo Andric. This Yugoslavian writer (a Serbo-Croat) won that coveted award in 1961, and his masterpiece was published in 1945, translated in 1959.
In this novel, the bridge of Drina is on many levels the main character of the book. Andric organizes his narrative into a series of stories that deal with the bridge, which is near the Bosnian town of Visegrad. This is a historical tale, and the time span for all the events is over three and a half centuries.
What Andric wants to evoke in his story is the way that the people lived under the rule of the Turkish overlords. The Bridge on the Drina will be considered here by itself, but it is part of a trilogy, with the other volumes also being about the author's ..."
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Soviet Medical Cooperatives, 1992.
Discusses the background and development in the late 1980s under Gorbachev's reforms, examining failures and successes, restrictions and the impact on the medical care.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 27 sources, AU$ 198.95
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From the Paper
"In 1917, a bloody revolution in Russia resulted in the formation of the Soviet Union. In the socialist society that Lenin established at that time, the state was given complete control over all aspects of life. This totalitarian control was extended to the fields of medicine and public health. Lenin "condemned" the idea of doctors practicing medicine for profit (Ryan, 1989, 92). On this basis, all doctors were ordered to quit their private practices and to work directly for the Soviet government. By the 1920's, "the private practice of medicine was suppressed to an almost irreducible level" (Ryan, 1989, p. 93). In contrast to the development of the medical profession in the United States and Europe, doctors in the Soviet Union were subjected to both low prestige and low pay. The situation remained this way until the mid-1980's and the reforms of Mikhail ..."
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Vladimir Lenin's Theory of Imperialism, 1992.
Discusses definition, justification and applicability in the 1990s.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 57.95
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From the Paper
"This study will examine Lenin's theory of imperialism, and will consider whether his theory remains applicable in the 1990s, and why.
Lenin did not mean, by imperialism, what has generally come to be associated with the term. As we read in Fairbank, "The term 'imperialism,' has of course been ambiguous in American thinking. As first used in the nineteenth century, it referred to the European powers extending their political control over other peoples in the regions where those peoples lived. In short, it meant colonialism. But at the end of the nineteenth century, Lenin . . . . inspired partly by the new science of economics, saw the real evil as capitalist or financial imperialism, which might enslave a people from abroad without necessarily taking them over as a colony" (Fairbank, 1987,...."
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Soviet Constitution, 1992.
Examines the changes in the legal framework of the Soviet Union before, during and after the break-up of the nation, discussing leadership, national and ethnic hostilities, role of government and the Communist party.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, AU$ 104.95
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"Historically, the Soviet Constitution, Soviet governmental structure and the Communist Party all operated in unison to ensure the consolidation of centralized power. That power rested within the walls of the Kremlin. Much like the Tsarist regimes before it, the Soviet empire was ruled with a strong and often merciless hand. Deviation from Moscow's line was not tolerated, and any hint of nationalism, a dirty and derisive word in the Soviet book, was dealt with immediately and harshly. Until Mikhail Gorbachev came to power, there was also no question of opposition from any other political group or party. The Communist Party was clearly in command and the privileges and perquisites awarded to those who belonged to this elite group were not questioned. The concepts of perestroika and glasnost put forward by the Gorbachev government--in tandem with the ..."
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Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, 1992.
Examines reasons for the former's victory and the latter's loss in the Russian Revolution, discussing leadership, ideology, organization, popular support and the impact of WWI.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 198.95
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"Every student of the Russian Revolution is presented early on with a little word-paradox: that the Mensheviks, though their name means "minority," were the popular majority party in the revolutionary Russia of 1917, while the triumphant Bolsheviks, though their name means "majority," were actually only a minority faction when they came into power.
This paradox in naming is memorable because it effectively symbolizes a broader paradox: the victory of the Bolsheviks in the face of the broader support of the Mensheviks. Just as the Bolsheviks usurped the status of "majority" within the prewar revolutionary Social Democratic movement, so they later seemed to usurp the revolution itself. In the following pages we will examine the factors which led to the success of the Bolsheviks and the ultimate failure of the Mensheviks when the risks and ..."
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Russian Political Evolution, 1992.
Examines cycles of despotism and freedom from the early 19th Century to 1991, discussing power, social forces, leadership, reform, military and ideology.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 139.95
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"The purpose of this research is to examine the cycle of political despotism and freedom that is characteristic of the history of Russia, from the period of Tsar Nicholas I to the current period. The plan of the research will be to set forth the scope and limit of the study in the context of political development in Russia, and then to discuss what could be called the pendulum of social experience that has affected dramatic political and cultural change in the country.
The modern post-monarchical history of Russia is embedded in its monarchic past. To understand how and why sociocultural and sociopolitical change has so dramatically affected Russia from time to time, it is necessary to understand the forces militating both for and against such change throughout the country's history. And a decisive fact about that history is the massive ..."
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Soviet Economics, 1992.
Examines the history of its development from 1900 to 1990, discussing WWI, post-revolution efforts, leadership, five-year plans, reforms and the break-up of the Soviet Union.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 69.95
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"During recent weeks, Soviet republics have declared their political and economic independence from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Lithuania, the Ukraine, Latvia, Estonia and other republics have decided to set their own political future outside the confederation of the Soviet Union. This is not the first time that event has occurred in this century: a similar dissolution took place following the overthrow of Czar Nicholas II in 1917. Lenin and later Stalin moved decisively against the newly formed national governments, and the USSR took its present form by 1924 ("Rebuilding," 1990, p. 33).
It is nearly impossible to separate the economic developments in the Soviet Union from the political events which shaped this century. The two are intertwined in such a way that neither can be considered independently. This research examines ..."
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Israel and Soviet Immigration, 1992.
Examines housing shortages, unemployment, homelessness and Palestinian independence.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 116.95
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"The Effect of Soviet Immigration on Israel
Summary
Israel will face a severe economic and political crisis within the next three years as a result of its open door immigration policy accepting Soviet Jews into the country. More than one million Soviets are expected to immigrate to Israel during this time. The number represents a population increase of about 25 percent in Israel.. The consequences of this increased population during this timeframe include:
1) massive housing shortages and rise in homeless among native Israelis ..."
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