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Czechoslovakia, 1919-1993, 2006.
Looks at the history of Czechoslovakia from 1919 to 1993.
2,160 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the ways that, from 1919 to 1993, the United States, Germany and the USSR exerted their political power and sometimes their military power to manipulate Czechoslovakia in order to achieve their own political. The author points out that, from the restructuring of the European landscape through the 1919 Paris Negotiations, to Nazi occupation from 1939 to 1945 and to the Soviet domination from 1948 to 1989; finally, in 1993, the Peoples of Czechoslovakia made a choice of pluralist democracy and peacefully divided into two countries, Czech Republic and Slovakia.
From the Paper
"In reaction to Dubcek's Spring Reforms (otherwise known as the Action Program) of 1968, Soviet leader Lenoid Brezhnev perceived the reform as a break from Marxist-Leninist tradition and a move towards capitalist democracy. On 29 July, 1968, Dubcek met with Soviet leaders met at Cierna to discuss the situation. On August 20-21, WTO troops invaded Czechoslovakia to crush the Prague Spring, proving little violence as compared to the 1956 WTO invasion of Hungary. In the following months, negotiations between Brezhnev and Dubcek continued."
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Economics of European Integration, 2008.
An examination of how economic integration policy measures affect a country's location of production in the European Union.
2,852 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the extent to which integration policies, specifically the freedom for movement of capital, affects the intention of companies to engage in foreign direct investments (FDI) as the means of acquiring physical assets at a foreign location. The paper first looks at the theoretical framework, which explains how the free movement of capital is likely to create welfare gain- and/or welfare lost-effects for the parties involved. Then the paper investigates how the economic integration processes of the last two decades have influenced the countries' locational decisions across the European Union (EU). The paper includes tables of financial data as appendices to the paper.
From the Paper
"Although the determination to establish in Europe an economic zone, free of barriers for movement of labor and capital, was spelled out back in 1957 in the Treaty of Rome, two and a half decades later the European Commission had to confront with the fact, that only fairly limited progress had been achieved for turning this into reality. The main concern, preventing countries from opening their capital markets for foreign investors, was a fear of destabilizing flows, which would trigger inflation, depreciate the currency and lead to fiscal and monetary intervention to offset them. However, the mere elimination of the restrictions on movement of capital would not foster economic growth, were there no possibilities to use these capital endowments for purchasing of physical assets."
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1953 East German Uprising, 2002.
A look at the failure of the Americans to take advantage of the 1953 East German uprising against communism.
933 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the East German uprising of 1953. The paper first discusses the original reasons behind the uprising and then looks at how the US misjudged the uprising and consequently, did not formulate an effective strategic response.
From the Paper
'Looking at the US National Security Council guidelines (dated 29th June)for intervention in the region we see a couple key things. The interest is there, but the measures are too small-scale. They rely on propaganda, defection, or elimination. The first phase, meant to be carried out within 60 days, sets up the guidelines for propaganda and trying to convince officials to defect. The CIA was able to fund Radio Free Europe, which sent broadcasts all over the Eastern Bloc. Another recommended strategy was to bring East Germany before the United Nations for it's actions in suppressing the revolt. Phase II of the plan called for getting Soviet officials and intellectuals to like the West. It also included the infamous propaganda balloons which would fly over Eastern European countries and drop leaflets."
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The European Union, 2007.
A literature review on the concepts of economic solidarity within the European Union.
1,710 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper notes that the European Union (EU) has developed and expanded to become one the major political and economic centers of the world. The paper examines and contrasts three different pieces of academic output on the question of (EU) economics, politics and society. The paper makes a comparison between how three different academic sources conceptualise these issues and how they view future possibilities for cooperation. The paper highlights these similarities and differences and exemplifies the relative merits and pitfalls contained within each thesis.
From the Paper
" It has been widely determined that although the political structure of the union is democratic in nature, nonetheless much of institutional framework, particularly with regard the European Commission does not have adequate levels of democratic accountability (Peterson and Shackleton, 2002). As such, this lack of examination means that although Svenden's assessment offers new and informative insight into the political economy of the union, it fails to adequately address the underlying problem of anti democratic practice. "
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Literature Review on the European Union, 2008.
This paper provides a literature review on the European Union and looks at its impact and role in international relations.
1,652 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a review of three different pieces of academic literature that deal with the Union's role in international politics. These works are an article by Birol Yesilada, Brian Efird and Peter Noordijk entitled 'Competition among Giants', Stanley Sloan's 'NATO, the European Union and the Atlantic Community' and Stephanie Anderson's book 'Crafting EU Security Policy'. The methodological approach is outlined for each work along with the main issues it highlights. Ultimately, the writer assesses to what extent these pieces of academic literature offer new and developed insight into the question of international relations from the European perspective. The writer concludes that the wide diversity of possible solutions available with regard to European expansion and international relations are clear by the different answers and responses contained within each of the above mentioned academic works.
From the Paper
"Indeed, although the NATO alliance has undergone some particularly difficult years implementing a united policy, particularly with regard the war on terror, I still agree that this is where the most effective future for the European Union lies. Above all, the framework for cooperation on this basis has already been largely established with all the leading union members also being members of NATO. Moreover, Sloan is quite right to declare that social and cultural similarities that have developed over decades and centuries provide much support for a reinvigoration of the Atlantic alliance.
"However, is it possible that there is a third option that does not require the union forging ever closer links with outside powers, whether they are Russia or the United States?"
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The Just War Doctrine (JWD), 2000.
Applies the just war doctrine (JWD) to the 1999 Yugoslavian war.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the 1999 situation in which NATO and its allies bombed the Yugoslav republic of Serbia in response to the genocide sponsored by the Serbian government, which had been occurring in the Kosovo province. The paper relates the history and conditions of the just war doctrine (JWD) and describes the three parts to the just war doctrine as we know it: motive, means and consequences. The paper concludes that the bombing was justified.
From the Paper
"Petrov also tells us that the US believed that the government of Milosevic would fold and that his people would rise against him. She believes that the people blamed NATO and saw themselves as victims. Now, when she wrote that she had grounds to stand by. I think that given the current situation with Milosevic in jail, we did prove that reasoning was valid. As with all things, certain effects take time to produce. While it would've been ideal to have the people rise up immediately, they did do so on their own in a year's time-span."
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What was gained from Nazi rule in Germany, 2008.
The paper examines the economic and social benefits gained by the German people following Hitler's rise to power.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper looks at Germany after the rise of Hitler to power in 1933 and up until 1941. The writer examines the advances made in Germany during those years in fields such as education, health and medicine, industry, infrastructure, standards of living and science. The author examines the methods chosen by the German government to combat unemployment and to jump-start the depressed German economy. The author contends in his conclusion that: "In many ways, Nazi Germany during the early years of its existence was not such a bad place to live (given that you weren't considered racially inferior, of course). Germans were better off under Hitler than they had ever been under Weimar rule."
From the Paper
"Overlooking the fact that they were not all awarded cars, the gains German citizens made under Nazi rule were significant. Their economy was fully revived, every citizen could find work, housing was affordable, social changes brought gains in equality before unheard of in the class-based nation, and Germans were enjoying a standard of living they remembered only from their distant past. Territorial gains and victory reports were helping to restore a sense of national pride. German researchers and scientists were making tremendous progress in areas such as propulsion and healthcare with the creation of the jet engine and some of the first research to link smoking with lung disease. Programs providing for better food and cleaner drinking water and preventive medicine were established. In many ways, Nazi Germany during the early years of its existence was not such a bad place to live (given that you weren't considered racially inferior, of course). Germans were better off under Hitler than they had ever been under Weimar rule. Hitler brought about many of the economic and social changes he had proposed. For better or worse, Hitler promised and Hitler delivered."
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The Break-Up of the Yugoslav State, 2006.
A critical analysis of explanations for the break-up of the Yugoslav state.
1,317 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, after break-up of the Yugoslav state, many explanations and theories have been put forward; some plausible, others merely a product of propaganda or ignorance of the true underlying issues. It looks at how one explanation has been that the lack of a strong, unifying leader, combined with the long-standing ethnic hatred amongst the groups, led unavoidably to the break-up. The paper also examines how others argue that unscrupulous, power-hungry politicians manipulated the masses to their own ends. In addition, the paper discusses how it has been put forward that part of the blame must be laid at the door of the international community, whose actions, at best haphazard and at worst negligent, have certainly lengthened and exacerbated the conflict.
From the Paper
"An alternative theory argues that the conflict was cunningly engineered by politicians like Milosevic and Trudjman, attempting to gain power in the vacuum left after Tito . They argue that the break-up of Yugoslavia wasn't inevitable; on the contrary, these people had peacefully co-existed for decades, and that Yugoslavia was "deliberately and systematically killed off by men who had nothing to gain and everything to lose" . To substantiate their claim, they point to the manipulation by Milosevic of Serb nationalism and the local media, using propaganda and scare-mongering as tactics to create a "greater Serbia". Not to be outdone, Trudjman in Croatia employed similar methods."
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Dr. Strangelove and the Cold War in America, 2008.
A review of Stanley Kubrick's film, "Dr. Strangelove: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb".
1,154 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Stanley Kubrick's film, "Dr. Strangelove: Or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb", and how Kubrick takes shots at all the different attitudes toward the Cold War. The paper states that Kubrick's mind developed a very different view of this time in American history, one of sarcasm and ridiculous characters, but his film will go down as one of the first of its kind. The paper then notes that Kubrick believed that the United States was just as much to blame as the Soviet Union for this difficult period in American history. In the end, the paper maintains that Kubrick's movie is an important watch for anyone studying Cold War America as well as provides for some entertainment and another outside look at the entire situation.
From the Paper
"Sometimes as Americans we find our every possible action throughout the world as being righteous. As Terry H. Anderson wrote, "Most Americans agreed that in a world of good and evil, they represented the beacon of hope, the defender of freedom" . Despite what most Americans thought, Kubrick believed both countries to be very wrong. He found it ridiculous that the two major powers in the world would use a nuclear weapon to kill off all human life over nothing. I believe that's why he found so much humor in the situation."
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Krushchev's Cuban Missile Crisis, 2006.
A discussion of the Soviet role in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the Soviet Union, led by Krushchev, intentionally caused the Cuban Missile Crisis. The paper shows how Kruschev used Cuba as an indirect means to stop the United States from abusing power in international affairs. The paper describes the Soviet Union's strategies of taking advantage of the United States' political upheaval and turning Cuban leader Fidel Castro into a communist. The paper discusses how although Krushchev agreed to withdraw his missiles from Cuba, the United States had to pledge "never to invade Cuba again." The paper uses MLA style footnotes in place of a bibliography.
From the Paper
"One of the most dramatic events in U.S. diplomatic history, the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, led the world to the brink of nuclear war. The crisis began when U-2 reconnaissance planes illegally flew over Cuba and discovered new Soviet medium-range ballistic missile bases on the island. America's "formidable Cold War adversary" had installed the weapons within range of the U.S. in order to protect Cuba and threaten the U.S.; The Soviet Union, led by Khrushchev, intentionally caused the Cuban Missile Crisis and used Cuba as an indirect means to stop the United States from abusing power in international affairs."
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The Euro, 2008.
Describes how the euro aids globalization of the world market.
2,905 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the euro has served as the greatest economic policy experiment, uniting several large countries and facilitating greater competition, trade and financial stability. The paper points out that the euro spawned a new era of competition for Eurozone businesses, radically reducing transaction costs, creating a broader pool of savings with a diversified set of options for borrowers and increasing competition between legal environments. The paper also reports that the implications from increased international trade due to the euro include the elimination of deadweight loss and a gain to consumers. The paper concludes that the euro will continue to play a critical part as the Information Age continues to mold previously segmented economies into one thriving global economy.
Table of Contents:
The Globe
Unprecedented Competition
Trade Amplification
Financial Stability
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is intuitive that sharing a common currency increases trade between a pair of countries, but the major question is why. Rose simply admits that he does not know. He speculates that a common currency might mean greater political commitment to a long-term economic integration or perhaps greater financial integration between two countries. While the reason behind this is still a puzzle, it nevertheless has many implications for both the EMU and the increasingly global economy."
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Why Communism Failed, 2008.
A discussion on the many factors that contributed to the fall of communism in the U.S.S.R. and other previously communist nations.
2,441 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
The paper states that the idea of a classless society with no exploitation brought about communist societies throughout the world. Countries such as Russia, China and North Korea had all embraced the communist ideology and had run their countries based on communist principles. The paper comments that, grand though the communist idea was, communism still failed in the countries that embraced its principles. Communism failed because of several reasons. This paper gives an overview on what communism is all about and why it was adapted by different countries. The paper also discusses the numerous reasons why communism ultimately failed.
Outline:
Introduction
The Origin of Communism
The Fall of Communism
Summary
From the Paper
""Communism had its origin in the 1848 as Karl Marx and Frank Engels published the Communist Manifesto which cited the basic principles and ideas of communism. This manifesto criticized the capitalist economy as creating classes (The bourgeois and the proletariat) among its citizens which resulted to the oppression and exploitation of classes which are lower than the other classes. Communism was designed to develop a society without class distinctions and have a true sense of equality among its people without any social problems such as racism, sexism and class oppression."
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S. Drakulic's "How We Survived Communism", 2006.
Reviews Slavenka Drakulic's "How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed", a collection of short essays describing the everyday life of a woman under communism in Yugoslavia.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Slavenka Drakulic, in "How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed", tells of her experiences and her friends' everyday lives and political experiences living in communist Yugoslavia from a woman's perspective. The author points out that the reason for the collapse of communism, according to Drakulic's book, is the failure of communism to provide the basic necessities for the female half of the Yugoslavian population. The paper concludes that Drakulic believes that communism is more than an ideology or a method of government but rather a state of mind and habit, which has yet to be erased from the collective consciousness of those who have lived under it.
From the Paper
"Communism failed to provide freedom of expression and speech. Journalists who go astray and write negatively about the system are often given "tender persuasion" by the government. These persuasions cause journalists to self-censor themselves and cause paranoia and distrust for other journalists.
"The book also mentions on how Drakulic was in amazed bewilderment regarding the homeless people in New York and how she sees the injustices because of the "communist eye" that sticks to people who lived under communist systems."
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Carter vs. Reagan, 2007.
A comparison of the foreign policies of former US Presidents, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.
1,352 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the foreign policies of American Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. The paper then compares the strategies and goals of the Carter and Reagan administrations' foreign policy. The paper points out the nation's criticism of Carter's foreign policy and how Reagan inspired the people's trust and confidence.
Outline:
Carter and His Foreign Policies
Reagan and His Foreign Policies
Carter vs. Reagan
From the Paper
"James Earl "Jimmy" Carter was the thirty-ninth President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. Before becoming president, he was the Governor of Georgia, and served two terms at the senate. He was regarded as an outcast to traditional party politics. The start of his presidency was marked by caution, conservatism, frustrations, and disappointments. Economic stagnation together with inflation, the energy crisis, the war in Afghanistan, and the Iran hostage crisis were the events that besieged his presidency."
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The Front National Party of France, 2006.
An analysis of the ideological assumptions of the Front National Party of France.
2,615 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper critically assesses the main themes underlying the ideological discourse of the Front National Party of France in the 1980s and 1990s. It begins by outlining the ideological assumptions upon which the Front National is founded. Then, in order to understand this ideological, the paper examines the factors that led to the break down of the pre-millennium consensus.
From the Paper
"It is also clear that the growth of the Front National came about as a direct result of the collapse of the political consensus. With this political collapse there followed a parallel reduction in the acceptance of the liberalisation movements of the 1960s and 1970s and what they brought about. However, one thing that is certain is that the issues that have been highlighted above are important to a great number in the French electorate. Since 2002 the Front National has grown to be the third largest party in French politics. Moreover, given the proportional electoral system adopted in French elections it is far from impossible to think that in the future the party may gain a foothold in government. If the leading moderate parties are to avert such an end it will be necessary for them to clearly highlight the flaws in Front National's ideological outlook whilst at the same time addressing the very real concerns their ideological position has generated."
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Foreign Policy Decision-Making within the EU, 2005.
An analysis of the challenges that exist in foreign policy decision-making within the European Union and possible solutions to the problems.
2,784 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the main challenges involved in formulating and instigating foreign relations policies and decisions within the European Union (EU). It looks at the reasons why these problems and challenges occur and discusses the best ways to overcome the difficulties. The paper presents specific examples to explain the current situation.
From the Paper
"As such, the solution is a simple one in theory though enormously difficult in practice. In order for the European Union to carry out foreign relations in a manner which fit its theoretical global position, much higher levels of integration is required. A concrete and vital start to this process would be the establishment of a Union wide constitution capable of acting as the ultimate authority. However, both this and further measures to ensure the effectiveness of collective action outside the Union would require the large scale removal of sovereignty from individual member states to the central Union authority. Opposition to such moves would be considerable and thus given its fragmented mature, it is unlikely that the European Union will be able to act in such a way for some time to come."
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