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Martial law in Poland in 1981, 2002.
A discussion of General Wojciech Jaruzelski's declaration of martial law in Poland in December 1981.
665 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the relationship between Poland and the Soviet Union at the time. It explains that Poland implemented martial law in order to avert a Soviet-led invasion.
From the Paper
"Jaruzelski did not try to justify his actions in 1981 beyond asserting the need to protect Poland, but he has spoken on the subject more recently. The Communist Party's monopoly of power was threatened by the rise of Solidarity, and Jaruzelski knew that the Soviet Union had not hesitated to use force to suppress an anti?Communist uprising in Hungary in 1956 and had done so again against the liberal "Prague Spring" in 1968."
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Germany and European Union, 2002.
An analysis of the unification of West and East Germany, its integration in the EU and how it affected the identity of the country.
745 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the current social, economic and cultural state of a United Germany. It looks at how the previously ultra nationalistic country has been used as an example by the EU to show that a country can maintain its own identity and still be part of a Greater Europe. Contemporary history of Germany is examined, since the collapse of the Berlin Wall until present.
From the Paper
"After the fall of Berlin Wall and the Unification of West Germany and East Germany, the United Germany due to its size and strength has often been perceived as the leader of the European Union. This situation and perception worries and annoys the other European Union members because of the German reputation in the past, in the World War. This problem which is often called the "German Problem" and as European members try not to hold past against Germany to such degree that it damages integration. The problem of European Security was the major concern and an essential determinant in all proposals and considerations on Germany's European integration. The image of Germany in the past was also a major consideration and its neighbors knew that a united Germany would emerge at some stage in the postwar developments, despite the fact that they would have prefer the partition to remain in post war Europe."
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Turkey's Economy, 2002.
This paper compares Turkey's economy in the 1970's with that of the 1990's.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses major economy-related events that occurred during the two periods studied. An overview of the major events of each period is given and the features of each period?s economy are laid out. With respect to the 1970s, 1977 is examined as the ?crisis year? and failed economic stabilization programs are looked at.
From the Paper
"Turkey is a unique country that lies partially in Asia and partly in Europe. The Asian and the European part of the country are separated by the Bosporus, which is the water link between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. Although the areas constituting Turkey have a very ancient history, the modern day Turkey became a Republic in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Turkey?s economy is a mixture of modern industry and ancient agriculture that has undergone many ups and down throughout its history. In this paper we will focus on the economy of Turkey in the 1970s & 1990s, and discuss the major economy-related events that occurred during this period."
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Post-Soviet Ukraine, 2004.
This paper discusses the life and culture of those living in Kiev, Ukraine.
1,097 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the family structure of Ukrainian citizens as well as their marriage celebrations, the treatment of the children, the prominent religions and the system of education. The paper looks at changes in education and in the festivals celebrated that show the emergence of a new Ukrainian culture. The paper discusses how a Ukrainian immigrant would adjust to life in America.
From the Paper
"Ukraine is the sixth largest nation of Europe consisting of over 50million inhabitants. Filled with rich soil, educated people and ability to grow, the economy of this nation currently appears more similar to that of a third world country. Ukraine is a new country valiantly striving to break free from the ties of the once Soviet empire, and its people hold a strong conviction of national pride. Ukraine's identity however cannot be separated from the border countries that have developed this nation. Ukraine also acts as a borderland between the great nations of Europe, and has a mixture of many of the cultures and religions of Eastern Europe as well."
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Bulgarian Tourism and the Environment, 2008.
This paper looks at the vital relationship between Bulgaria's tourism and its environment.
2,546 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
The paper explains why Bulgaria's tourism industry suffered many losses in the summer of 2005. The paper looks at the over-development of Bulgaria's land and shows how the country ruined ecological standards and destroyed the quality of experience for foreign visitors. The paper discusses the short-sightedness of ignoring environmental limitations in favor of quick economic returns by the government and contractors alike. The paper emphasizes how Bulgaria's tourist economy will only succeed with the proper management of its environmental future.
From the Paper
"There is perhaps nothing more damaging to an organization with great economic potential than the crime of short-sightedness. Economic principle is a natural science which responds to logical relationships. Complex though they may be, relationships such as those which are naturally forming between industry, land and people are the fabric of the dense tapestry that is economy. Such is a condition which is uniquely apparent in the south-eastern European nation of Bulgaria, where the great potential for development is present but where many of the structural relationships of proper leadership and managerial competence have not yet been cemented."
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Corporate Risk Management in the Uncertain Global Economy, 2008.
This paper examines the article "Managing Global Risk to Seize Competitive Advantage" by Paul A. Laudicina.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the article "Managing Global Risk to Seize Competitive Advantage" by Paul A. Laudicina, which promises to offer corporate decision-makers a blueprint for managing risk in today's global environment. The paper asserts that the greatest service which Laudicina offers his readers is the overview which he gives on the topic of globalization. The paper maintains that while it consistently points to the necessity of risk management in the unpredictable frontier of international trade, Laudicina's article does not furnish its readers with any applicable counsel on minimizing risk damage. The paper shows, however, how the article successfully explains how corporate planners will find themselves at a loss to compete if they are not readily equipped to conform to a rapidly changing trade climate.
From the Paper
"For much of the world's history, its economies have been divided, with different cultures, politics and social ideologies often reinforcing sharp geographical dividing lines between countries. Even throughout the 20th Century, when the Cold War split the globe into two opposing nation-building parties that were embodied by the United States and the Soviet Union, separation of nation-states was a fundamentally protected international value. With the collapse of the latter of the imperial powers, the world entered into a new phase of economic principality, with the notion of the world functioning as a single, interdependent fiduciary entity becoming a greater reality. Though it has opened up the floodgates for corporate opportunity, this process, known as globalization, is one that has likewise invited a glut of controversy and has created a theretofore unseen atmosphere of deregulation and subsequent unpredictability for corporations."
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European Union Constitution Failure, 2007.
This paper examines the rejected Constitution for the European Union.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the European integration project has moved so rapidly that the push for a European Constitution and its failure are causing doubts about the EU's future. The paper explains that the EU is not ready for a Constitution that could possibly place restrictions on the member states of the Union. The paper asserts that dwelling on the failure to ratify the Constitution will only breed negativity about the European Union and must be forgotten for the time being in order to save the European integration project from crumbling. The paper believes that the EU is being over-zealous in its aim for European integration and should slow down the process.
From the Paper
"The grounds for a European Constitution lie in the demand for a simplification of the numerous Treaties forming the European community and the former European Economic Community; the merging of more than 2800 pages into a single document. As well as the practicable arguments for this project, the implementation of a Europe wide Constitution also sees to reiterate that the European Union is more than just an economic community founded on coal and steel, but a Union of the European people."
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Russian Famines, 2006.
This paper explores the different world reactions to the Russian famines of 1921 and 1931.
2,669 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Russian famines of 1921 and 1931 and explores why the famine of 1921 received massive world wide assistance while the one in 1931 did not. The paper looks at "Harvest of Sorrow" by Robert Conquest who maintains that the famine was a deliberate strategy of Stalin in order to gain control over the farmers. The paper then looks at R.W. Davies and Stephen Wheatcroft's "The Years of Hunger" where the authors claim that it was embarrassing for Stalin to admit that his agricultural plan was failing. The paper concludes therefore, that Stalin's inability to seek aid in 1931 was either because of his pride or because he designed his agricultural program with famine as its specific result.
From the Paper
"Harvest of Sorrow by Robert Conquest does have an anti-communist tone throughout the book. Conquest listed the Ukrainian famine of 1931-1933 as intentional, caused by Stalin as a way of dealing with the rebellious province of Ukraine, and to shift the Soviet Union to a path if intense industrialization . Robert Conquest's primary focus throughout the book is that the famine should not simply be seen as a tragedy, but as an avoidable situation brought about by Stalin. Famine as a tactic of control was discovered by Stalin, by accident according to Robert Conquest, in how they dealt with Kazakhstan . Stalin and his cronies denied the existence of any famine within the borders of the Soviet Union; whether out of pride or malice this denied his people the ability to call for aid for the outside world."
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The Franco-American War on Culture, 2007.
This paper explores cultural imperialism and France's battle against globalization.
3,649 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 123.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a study on imperialism with a focus on France and her battle against English as an international language. The paper shows how France's battle against the use of English as the main language of the world is essentially a fight against globalization and the loss of French culture. The paper examines French cinema and its war against Hollywood.
From the Paper
"On March 23rd, 2006, during a meeting in Brussels, Jacques Chirac, the President of the French Republic, followed by two of his ministers, went out of the room when Ernest-Antoine Seillieres, the boss of the European bosses and former boss of the MEDEF, started delivering a speech in English. However bizarre or ludicrous this attitude may seem to many, whether French or not, it indicates something important as far as language is concerned. It reveals the omnipresence of the English language: even though translation was available - for, in the European Union, all languages of the member-states are official - a Frenchman chose to express himself in a foreign tongue. Why didn't he stick to his native language?"
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The EU and Ukraine, 2007.
This paper analyzes political relations between the European Union and Ukraine since its independence.
6,881 words (approx. 27.5 pages), 43 sources, APA, AU$ 188.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the EU constitutes an important international actor, exercising both passive and active leverage force on its neighbours who aspire to join the Union. The paper illustrates the difficulties Ukraine faces in acquiring full EU membership. The paper, however, describes the positive change in European rhetoric towards Ukraine in recent years as well as Ukraine's intensification of cooperation at top political levels. The paper maintains that the past track of EU-Ukraine interaction should be left behind, as Ukraine now embarks on a series of new domestic reforms under the guidance of European values.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Common Norms, Values, Political and Socio-economic Standards
The History of Interaction
Recent Developments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The existence of borders is rarely unchallenged - by the end of 1990s there appeared new lines of division on the continent between an almost united Europe and the rest. After the European Union (EU) enlargement in May 2004, Europe's political boundaries still do not coincide with its geographic ones and Ukraine is very active in attempting to regain its rightful place in Europe. According to Avery, 'the term ''Europe'' has not been officially defined. It combines geographical, historical and cultural elements, all of them constitutive of the European identity. The common experience of proximity, values and historical interaction cannot be gathered in a simple formula and should be revised by each new generation. Therefore, the Commission estimates that establishing the frontiers of the European Union, whose limits will be redefined in the next years, is neither possible nor opportune' (Avery, 1992, p. 11)."
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The Cold War: An Inevitable Conflict, 2007.
This paper discusses how the events following the Second World War made the Cold War unavoidable.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that the sequence of events following the Second World War provided the foundations which unavoidably led to increased tensions and an ensuing Cold War. The paper discusses the differing ideologies, the competition for spheres of influence, the advancement of weaponry, the arms race, as well as a lack of trust, all of which entrenched the Soviet Union and the West into an unpreventable power struggle. The paper shows how these events made friendly relationships between the two sides impossible for decades to come.
From the Paper
"The end of the Second World War brought forth a dramatic change in the global power structure. Whereas before the war there had been a power struggle between five great nations, the completion of the war brought an end to France, Germany and Britain's claim as world super powers. Emerging from the chaos were the two remaining super powers: the Soviet Union and the United States, with the remnants of three former super powers aligning themselves with the U.S. to create a power bloc. The result was the Cold War, where from 1945 to 1989, these two sides involved nearly the entire globe in a conflict. Yet from very early on, Historians and Political Scientists have questioned whether or not the Cold War was unavoidable, or if the Western World could have in fact lived in peace and cooperated with the Eastern Bloc."
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Globalization and Higher Education, 2003.
This paper explores globalization and the challenges it presents to colleges and universities.
2,627 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 18 sources, MLA, AU$ 96.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how information technology, globalization, multinational economies and the educational needs of developed nations present universities with a number of challenges and opportunities. The paper looks at the US system of higher education and reveals that it is among the most innovative and responsive in the world. The paper shows how it is ideally suited to form international partnerships with other educational systems. The paper illustrates how the US system can impact the need for access to education in a global context. The paper also points out that this will likely not happen, however, because of the the lack enthusiasm of the US university faculty for international collaboration.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Challenge to Higher Education
Impact on Education
Knowledge as Product
Access
Potential
Critical Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The world is dynamic and changing. The impact of information technology, from the fourteenth century printing press to twentieth century instant messaging, has changed, and is changing, patterns of communication, relationships and life. The ultimate effects that the scope and speed of societal change in the twenty-first century will have on higher education in the coming decades is yet unknown. Hans van Ginkel (2002), president of the International Association of Universities (IAU), believes globalization is not a new process. Van Ginkel says that the stimuli of distant cultures have always played an influential role in society. However, it is the scale and rapidity with which these influences impact the culture that set the contemporary stage, with the phenomena of information technology setting the direction for the prevailing wind of globalization."
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The First World War, 2007.
This paper analyzes who was responsible for the outbreak of WWI.
2,155 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when considering all of the dominant factors that were instrumental to the start of World War One, it is clear that no one element or country was absolutely to blame for this war. The author points out that social ideologies, imperialism, nationalism, colonialism, the arms race and political changes throughout Europe played a part in causing this tragedy. The paper concludes that man's greed, the need to be seen as more important, powerful or superior and the desire to see one's country as the most advanced, prosperous and evolved were all implicating factors. The paper includes a chart of the naval strengths of the powers of 1914.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The War to End All Wars
Social Darwinism
The Structure of Europe
Imperialism, Nationalism, and Colonial Expansion
The Arms Race
Over By Christmas
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Austro-Hungarian government, with full support from Germany, waited for three weeks before issuing the July ultimatum to Serbia, which insisted that Serbia should take full responsibility, and which basically asked to be included in the investigation concerning the assassination. Serbia refused to hand over the three men that were implicated in the assassination, and appealed to Russia for help. Russian mobilization began, and on the 28th July 1914, Austro-Hunagria declared war on Serbia. Due to their promised support to Austro-Hungaria, on July 31, Germany issued Russia with an ..."
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Turkey and the European Union, 2007.
This paper explores whether Turkey should be accepted to the European Union.
2,868 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Turkey's possible entrance into the EU through a brief historical view of the country's political program. The paper also looks at the questions raised concerning any future acceptance as a member state and Turkey's present position in relation to its possible candidacy. The paper considers the significant impacts Turkey's accession would have on the Union, how such an enlargement could be managed and how this would affect the future of the European Union.
Outline:
Introduction
Asian or European?
Political Impacts Regarding the Acceptance of Turkey
Turkish Accession and Cyprus
Human Rights, Religious Liberty and Freedom of Speech
Looking Towards Continued Reform and the Future
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Turkey was officially accepted as a possible candidate for EU membership in December 1999, and in 2002 the European Council stated that if Turkey met the 'Copenhagen' criterion by 2004, it would immediately open negotiations. Since 1999, and in particular since the AKP government's election in 2002, Turkey has introduced radical reforms promoting democratisation, and has made considerable efforts concerning human rights. However, these reforms are still not complete, and there are problems concerning their implementation in many areas, including within the area of human rights. In other words, judicial reform, according to the European Commission, remains insufficient."
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'The Berlin Stories', 2004.
A report on the wild and decadent lifestyle as presented in Christopher Isherwood's book 'The Berlin Stories'.
983 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This book report reviews Christopher Isherwood's book 'The Berlin Stories'. The paper highlights examples of the wild, decadent and colorful lifestyle in Berlin before World War II, by tracing the characters portrayed in 3 short stories, 'The Nowarks', 'Sally Bowles' and 'On Reugen Island' contained in this book.
From the Paper
"The story that best describes decadent or debauched behavior however is "Sally Bowles." The heroine encountered by Isherwood here is Sally Bowles, a 19-year-old English girl who works as a singer in The Lady Windermere, a cabaret. No doubt a colorful character, Sally exemplifies the wild and wicked lifestyle of her time. Sex for her was a mere trifle. She points out the men she sleeps with no hint of self-consciousness or shame. "That's the man I slept with last night. He makes love marvelously. He's an absolute genius at businesses and he's terribly rich." (Isherwood, 1963, p. 23). Seduction, fun and games, are all part of Sally's way of life as well as that of the people around her. "For heaven's sake, don't leave me alone with this man! Or he'll seduce me down the telephone. He's most terribly passionate" (Isherwood, 1963, p. 22)."
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The Motivation and Intent Behind "Maus", 2005.
A review of the motivation behind Art Spiegelman's books "Maus: A Survivor's Tale: My Father Bleeds History" and "Maus: A Survivor's Tale: And Here My Troubles Began".
1,818 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the purpose and intent of Art Spiegelman's books "Maus: A Survivor's Tale: My Father Bleeds History" and "Maus: A Survivor's Tale: And Here My Troubles Began". The paper discusses the intensely personal side of the story and suggests that it tells a great deal about Spiegelman's motivations for creating these books. It discusses the themes and emotions that he reveals in the books.
From the Paper
"When considering Art Spiegelman's books Maus: A Survivor's Tale: My Father Bleeds History and Maus: A Survivor's Tale: And Here My Troubles Began, the reader twice asks, "Why did Art Spiegelman write these?" That is, the reader wonders what purpose Spiegelman hoped his books would serve, and what personally drove Spiegelman to write the books in the first place. Though related, these are two different questions. These books are very personal works that not only chronicle his father's experiences as a Jew in Poland during WWII, but also reveal "Artie's" struggles to relate to his father. The intensely personal side of the story tells a great deal about Spiegelman's motivations for creating these books; this aspect is about Artie. Yet clearly purpose of the books is not to tell Artie's story, but to tell Vladek's."
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