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Critical Thinking, 2007.
A case study presenting a 9-step decision making process to solve problems in an organization.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study of a problem with expectations and lack of uniformity, communication and stringent guidelines for carrying out services within the framework of the organizational setting. The paper identifies and resolves the problem using the 9-step decision making process, combined with techniques including brainstorming to develop alternatives to the problem.
Table of Contents:
Criteria, Goals and Objectives
Problem and Effects
Effects of Problem
Causes of Problem
Appropriate Solutions and Impacts
Rationale for Solutions
Evaluate Decision/Implement Decision
From the Paper
"Lastly the organization must overcome communication barriers. In this case lack of communication about hospital policies and procedures as well as individuals interpretations of the mission statement have resulted in diverse practices that resemble nothing more than a chaotic stampede. Top managers should consider breaking hospital staff members into small groups or teams, with each team appointed a communication's leader whose role includes dissemination information about organizational policies and procedures as well as goals, aims and objectives. Along these lines, members of each team can sit down and brainstorm salutations to problems that exist within these boundaries, like a step-by-step procedure for overcoming tension in situations where a staff members personal values do not agree with organizational policy or the wishes of patients in a given situation."
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Television Ratings, 2007.
This paper examines current rating systems and looks at whether the
Q-Score reports accurately represent the American television viewing public.
4,800 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 196.95
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Abstract
This research proposal identifies the known problems with the rating systems and proposes a study that would help determine if the Q-Score reports are misrepresenting the American television viewing public. In this article, the writer discusses whether Marketing Evaluations'
Q-Scores for television ratings accurately represent the television viewing habits of all Americans, including minority groups, or whether the limited population samples and data analysis methods are skewed in such a way that minority populations are underrepresented in ratings and the media. The writer claims that this is an important study because of the integral role that television and the media play in the lives of all Americans, and as a part of American society overall. The writer concludes that if there is a misrepresentation of minority groups in the current Q-ratings reports, this must be identified and this information made available to the public so that all members of society can make an informed decision regarding media-related activities, such as advertising, that are affected by the quality of television ratings reports.
Outline:
Abstract
Purpose and Rationale
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Limitations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"If a small-scale study finds a significant problem, other researchers will be interested in doing further analysis on this issue. Also, the public may simply be made aware of the issue, therefore considering these questions when taking stock in ratings reports. It is known that the television media industry and their advertisers depends on ratings reports to make decisions regarding programming and product placement. It is also well documented that minority groups have been significantly underrepresented in the Nielsen ratings, the country's leading marketing provider of television ratings, as will be illustrated by the following literature review. What is not known is whether the Q Rating system, which collected data in different ways than the Nielsen ratings, also has a problem in properly representing minority groups and providing accurate data on the television viewing habits of the American public."
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A Study of "The Simpsons", 2007.
This paper offers an ethnography research study of "The Simpsons," focusing on episode 1X05, "Bart the General."
1,164 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that one of the longest running series in television history is the animated series, "The Simpsons." The paper reveals that there are some important cultural issues under consideration in virtually every episode. The paper provides an ethnographic analysis, including an analysis of the verbal and nonverbal communication styles used in a selected episode and the cultural artifacts that emerge in the process. The paper discusses what types of new knowledge can be inferred from this episode and describes the culture that is expressed in the viewer's interaction. The paper concludes that this series provides a wealth of insightful and timely information that can be used to develop an accurate analysis of what is really important to many Americans and what cultural implications are involved for certain types of behaviors.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In this regard, Japp and Meister (2002) report that, "On April 19, 1987, America was introduced to the Simpsons, the title family of the first animated prime-time television series since the 1960s" (p. 63). Unlike the unrealistic versions of the American family portrayed in earlier series such as, "Ozzie and Harriet" and "Father Knows Best," "The Simpsons" captures the essence of family life for many Americans today. In fact, described by its creator and executive producer, Matt Groening, as "a celebration of the American family at its wildest" (Steiger, 1999, p. 1, cited in Japp & Meister, 2002, p. 63), "The Simpsons" provided American audiences with a critical view of mainstream social and cultural norms of the day."
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Nepal, 2007.
An analysis of the culture and society in Nepal, using a communication perspective.
1,538 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper looks into the culture and societies of the country of Nepal. It analyzes the country's cultural and social environment, attempting to lead to an understanding of its basic characteristics, such as geography, demographics and the socio-economic and political structures that it is comprised of. The paper focuses briefly on communication in Nepal and the Nepali language.
From the Paper
"However, within the Nepalese culture, some groups are also trying to dismantle the discrimination that is the caste system. In a recent study by Liechty (2005), the majority middle class individuals in Nepalese society are gradually trying to re-identify themselves based on their role and productivity in the society, rather than being identified as a member of a particular class or caste. This protest supports the notion of low power distance, in which the only superiority-inferiority dichotomy exists between individuals who provide/produce or do not provide/produce significantly for the society. Thus, one's worth is assessed based on his/her use to the society, not on the tradition of the caste system (i.e., those who were born Brahmin should remain Brahmin despite his/her insignificant contribution to the improvement of Nepalese society)."
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Public Relations, 2007.
This paper offers an analysis of public relation skills in the public and non-profit sector.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that one of the primary functions PR serves in the public and non profit sector includes disseminating information to the public. The paper relates that when accomplished effectively, PR managers can help boost the reputation and stability of an organization within the community. When addressed or approached inefficiently, however, a PR campaign may result in disaster. The paper explores how and why public relations skills are important to managers in the public and non-profit sector. The paper includes examples of good and bad practice of public relations skills, with particular emphasis on the UK. The paper concludes that without strong PR skills, government and non profit agencies will lack the support and understanding they need from the community to carry out important operations.
Outline:
Public Relations Skills in the Public and Non-Profit
Overview of Public Relations
Non Profit Public Relations
Public Relations
Public Sector
Case Studies
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Communication is perhaps one of the most essential skills a PR manager possess (Bruning & Ledingham, 2000). Through communication a PR manager learns to create messages that will entice and attract the target audience. Through communication efforts the PR manager sends ideas and pitches to the public or the target audience to entice them to take an active interest in the organization or cause the PR official represents. It is important that the PR manner use communication as a tool for building relationships with the public and between the public and the organization the PR manager represents."
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Instantaneous Anonymity, 2006.
A discussion regarding how e-mail and instant messaging affect our lives and society.
2,494 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the wonders of modern technology, focusing primarily on e-mail and IM, discussing the impact it has had on our lives. According to the paper, e-mail and IM not only draws us closer together, but also erects strange new barriers between us. This technology possesses the potential to isolate each of us within our own cocoons of created personality. The paper further discusses how the anonymity of those using these technologies also paves the way for potential abuse.
From the Paper
"Groups bent on bigotry and social disruption can spread their messages quite easily in cyberspace. E-mail can be used to provide children, teens, and adults with false information; information that these individuals may not realize is inaccurate, or wholly incorrect; designed only to insight. The anonymity of the Net makes it is a simple matter for the organizations that disseminate these messages to keep their true identities and bases of operation secret. In addition, the fact that their communications are "one-on-one" - direct from themselves to their audience - abrogates the possibility of moderating influences in the form of other, more knowledgeable, individuals. Again, teenagers are especially open to this kind of manipulation. Criminals may attempt to recruit them into gangs, sending out IM's or e-mails that glorify their activities, or message. Parents may be unaware of cyber conversations being carried on by their children. Sometimes, e-mail and IM users are coerced by the very information they send and receive online. "
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Human Language, 2007.
This paper discusses theories relating to human language.
2,580 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, despite the ubiquity of human linguistic ability, pinning down exactly how language helps people and how people use it is not at all a straightforward task. The author points out that Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget and Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky examined how children acquire language and the relationship of thinking and language learning. The paper relates that the comparisons of bilingual and monolingual children, as well as comparisons of bilingual children of varying levels of development, indicate that bilingualism can lead to superior performance on a variety of intellectual skills.
From the Paper
"It is clear that normal children acquire a language that reflects their particular linguistic environment. A child brought up in Japan acquires a version of Japanese. The same child brought up in Brazil acquires a version of Portuguese. So, these languages must in some sense reflect some of the same underlying innate principles. Languages are basically the same in structure, up to certain parameters, for example, whether the head of a phrase goes at the beginning of a phrase or at the end. Children do not have to learn the basic principles; they only need to set the parameters."
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Media Impact on American Consciousness, 2006.
An analysis of the impact of the media on American public consciousness.
14,447 words (approx. 57.8 pages), 37 sources, MLA, AU$ 400.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at who and what manipulates the American media, and why. The paper discusses the impact this media has on the American public and their consciousness, and how it ultimately effects their lives and society as a whole. The paper also studies various writings related to this topic.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Further, the majority of the power to define reality, in this view of the news process, resides at the point of the reporter-source contact. By the time the story makes its way to the editor, the most important gatekeeping decisions have already been made. The factors that serve to constrain or, conversely, facilitate reporter interaction with some sources and events and not others are important for understanding news content (Rotberg & Weiss, 1966). In this environment, gatekeepers have played an increasingly important role in the West. "Due to widespread uncertainty over the precise ingredients of a best-seller formula," write Rossman and Suman, "administrators are forced to trust the professional judgment of their employees. Close supervision in the production sector is impeded by ignorance of relations between cause and effect" (2000, p. 72).
The concept of "agenda setting" took its name from the concept that the mass media have the ability to transfer the importance and relevance of items on their news agendas to the public agenda (Bryant & Zillman, 1994). The concept was originally investigated in the traditional context of mass communication and voter behavior; however, it is being increasingly applied to other social and political events as well. For instance, "Through their routine structuring of social and political reality, the news media influence the agenda of public issues around which political campaigns and voter decisions are organized" (Bryant & Zillman, 1994 p. 4). This impact is felt every day as journalists throughout the world deal with the news in several important ways, which are discussed further below."
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Media Effects and Body Image, 2006.
A review of the effect that media images have on a women's perspective of body image.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how images presented in the media provide unrealistic expectations of women. The paper further discusses how young women continue to rely on the media for advice and direction regarding their own sense of self-worth and beauty.
Outline:
Introduction
Thesis
Feminist Theory
Theme History
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Part of the media's power lies in its ability to influence self-perceptions of physical attractiveness particularly among women. Women are consistently bombarded with images considered "beautiful" by media standards. This may include images that in real life may be underweight or malnourished. What many women fail to consider when reviewing images portrayed by the media is that most of the women presented have been plucked, puckered, air brushed and more to appear more "perfect." On reviewing these women in real life many women would find they actually look no different than many of the women presented on television, except perhaps they may be at a healthier weight.
Women's attitudes toward their body and self-esteem are also influenced by their culture. The more value their culture has on meeting the standards established by the media, the more likely a young women is to succumb to false images of what is or is not considered beautiful in the eyes of the media."
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Islam and the Media, 2006.
A review of three Islamic websites.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses three websites in an attempt to understands how the media portrays Islam. The purpose of the paper is to help the world understand that the idea that Islam is a religion of terrorists, is a baseless accusation. According to the paper, only 2% of Muslims support terrorism.
From the Paper
"Some other features such as Hawza which refers to Advanced learning are also available for those who wish to continue learning about Islam on a higher level. Since our main topic was media's handling of Islam, I browsed the library to find out if they had material concerning this important issue. Surprisingly my search generated a lot of haphazard results. I couldn't understand how I was supposed to look for this important topic if it doesn't appear in my search. I was seriously disappointed because a site that claim to contain information on Islam and boasts a large collection of articles and books should have had some articles dealing with this burning issue. Even the term terrorism which is closely aligned to what I needed to know about media and Islam, produced only three results- two of which were not even related to terrorism. Quick links also pointed to some very basic information about Islam and its two sects. "
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Causes of Eating Disorders, 2007.
This paper explores the relationship between the mass media and eating disorders.
1,824 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the direct and indirect causes of eating disorders, with particular emphasis on the relationship between the mass media and eating disorders. The researcher hypothesizes that the mass media has a direct effect on eating disorders, contributing to more frequent and severe eating disorders among all age groups, populations' subtypes and genders. The paper explores the issue and concludes that people are increasingly internalizing images presented in the media. The paper contends that the media should be held directly accountable for increases in eating disordered behavior among all populations.
Outline:
Overview Eating Disorders
Psychopathology of Eating Disorders
Media's Influence on Eating Disorders
Social Agents Responsible for Eating Disorders
Summary of Research on Eating Disorders
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper
"Eating disorders generally refer to a range of disordered patterns associated with eating. Eating disorders generally encompass a wide range of activities and diseases including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and obesity (Levine, Smolak & Striegel-Moore, 1996). Theorists and psychologists have long researched the subject of eating disorders in an attempt to discern the direct and indirect causes of eating disorders among all populations, including children, adolescents, teens and adults."
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Teaching English as a Second Language, 2007.
This paper discusses the best way to impart a second language through a content-based and communicative immersion approach.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that unlike teaching a student how to diagram a cell in biology class or how to deconstruct a poem in English class, the aim of foreign language education is not simply to teach students how to learn, but to impart a functional skill. This is especially true in English as a Second Language (ESL) education, where the students are acquiring a language that may become their primary language in their education or in their workplace. The writer points out that it is critical that students acquire language vocabulary that is likely to be useful for them in their daily lives, and that the students are quickly immersed in the language in a way that replicates their exposure to the language in daily life. In this paper, the writer looks at the communicative language teaching (CLT) approach, which stresses the fact that students learn to communicate through the action of communicating without merely learning about communicating in that language.
From the Paper
"Unlike a purely structuralist approach to teaching language that stresses learning foreign grammar structures in isolated and often unnatural ways, the technique of language content-based immersion exposes students to a new language in a holistic fashion. Even a successful structuralist method, such as the audiolingual method, in which the foreign language lessons are arranged on grammatical principles but in which the students are not responsible for any metalanguage tends to isolate grammatical principles from one another in a way that is not commensurate with how students are exposed to language in the lived environment outside of the classroom, and also tends to isolate acquiring vocabulary through intuition from correct grammatical usage. In contrast, communicative orientation in language teaching, with a student-focused perspective, is more evident in a content-based immersion approach. Such an approach encourages students use new expressions to impart their desired meaning in a way that enables them to truly communicate what they want to say in a given situation, rather than replicate the language patterns of a teacher by rote. A communication-focused approach also breaks down possible inhibitions about using the second language and making mistakes, as sometimes the English language is not even the main focus of the classroom, merely communicating something interesting about another subject."
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The Media and Elections, 2007.
An analysis of Thomas E. Patterson's argument as presented in his book "Out of Order."
1,414 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Patterson posits that the role of the media in elections has shifted from that of reporter or even news analyst, to playing the role of "go-between" between voter and candidate. He suggests that the media has come to dominate people's access to the politicians and their views and in the process has colored what the voters hear, changing the very nature of American elections.
We live in a capitalistic society, and it is not the media's job to discern the truth or falsity of any politician's actions or statements. Patterson concludes that responsibility for interpreting what they read and hear ultimately falls on the voters' shoulders.
From the Paper
"Patterson points out that media coverage of politicians tends to be negative. This in itself might not be bad, as voters need to know about serious problems in a politician's stance, and it is important to evaluate the character of the people we put in power. However, Patterson reports a bias in this pattern of reporting. As a candidate is perceived to be a likely winner, positive reports in the media tend to rise. As a candidate is perceived to be a likely loser, negative reports in the media tend to rise (pp. 118-120)."
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The Clinician and the Client, 2007.
This paper examines the topic of psychotherapy and looks in particular at the relationship between clinician and client.
2,127 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the clinician/client relationship, created through the use of psychotherapy, is highly important when it comes to bringing about a radical transformation within the client. The writer points out that with reflective listening, the client is made to understand his/her problems from the bottom up and thus be convinced that the clinician truly cares about his or her mental predicament. In addition, the writer shows that reflective listening also creates a kind of symbiotic balance in which both client and clinician exist and function as one entity. With motivational interviewing, the process is relatively identical except for the direct focus upon creating motivation for positive change within the client. Thus, the writer demonstrates that psychotherapy, especially when based on the client-centered techniques of reflective listening and motivational interviewing, can bring about dramatic change in a person and result in a much better lifestyle for the client, yet only when the clinician is highly-skilled in the art of human relationships.
Outline:
General Definition
Psychotherapy--The Clinician Viewpoint
The Client Viewpoint
Client-Centered Psychotherapy
Reflective Listening
Motivational Interviewing
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"For the clinician, whether a psychotherapist or a psychiatrist, there are three main goals to be accomplished during a session or a series of sessions with a client. First, the clinician must do everything within his/her ability to alleviate psychological pain which often comes in the form of distressing feelings or emotions, such as anxiety or depression, or in the form of symptoms like phobia, obsessions, compulsions, inhibitions, panic attacks, psychologically-based physical problems, sexual problems and types of mental derangement which prevent the clinician from accomplishing any or all of these traits. Also, the clinician must be able to set the client at ease, either through emotional comfort or by creating a new sense of happiness in the areas which are disturbing to the client."
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Plagiarism, 2006.
This paper discusses the concepts of plagiarism and integrity.
1,573 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a definition of plagiarism and discusses how two groups are particularly concerned with plagiarism of the written word; universities and the media. The paper discusses these two situations and presents an example of a journalist who was penalized for plagiarism. The paper examines how problems associated with plagiarism are complex and not as clear-cut as might be assumed. Different people may define plagiarism differently and the definition decides whether a person actually plagiarized or not. The paper concludes that educating students in depth about the nature of plagiarism and how to avoid it could be a good first step to allowing a university to deal effectively with the issue of plagiarism.
Outline:
Definition
Example
Plagiarism in College
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Looking at various articles on the topic showed a variety of definitions. One writer said that academically, making an honest mistake does not constitute plagiarism. This writer defined plagiarism as a "dishonest process that requires a methodical approach of its own (Hinkson, 2002). Applying such a standard to the definition clarifies its status as intellectual theft and shows its relationship to other forms of theft, where the thief works from a plan and intends to steal."
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Punic War Propaganda, 2005.
This paper discusses the effectiveness of a propaganda poster from the Punic Wars.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Punic Wars were between Punic and Rome, starting in 264 B.C.E. and ending in 146 B.C.E., and were for control of the central Mediterranean Sea, which eventually resulted in Roman Empire's massive military forces subduing Carthage. The author points out a specific psychological poster made by the Romans, during the Punic Wars, to influence the Roman citizens as to the importance of the war and to imply that their participation in it would give them a sense of pride. The paper contends that this poster works because it neither belittles the enemy nor targets the wrong audience; rather, it correctly identifies its objective and glorifies its own resources instead of wrongly focusing on its enemy's attributes. The paper includes examples of Nazi and Japanese war propaganda.
Table of Contents
Punic Wars
War and Propaganda
The Selected Poster and Its Effectiveness
From the Paper
"The use of this poster was all about manipulation of emotions. During the war, people are often confused as to how they should react to the situation. Sometimes the media with its various tactics steps in the picture to make people's decisions for them and to help them think in a certain manner. Their emotions are manipulated and use to politicians' advantage. We can better understand this by the help of another example. During the Nazi period, the German government wanted to win the support of nation on the issue of driving Jews out of the country and killing them. The government tried to play with the emotions of people by issuing a leaflet "The Girl You Left Behind"."
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