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Pepsi Case, 2007.
This paper discusses the manner in which Pepsi dealt with the case of the syringe in the Pepsi can.
991 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in the situation in which syringes and various other foreign objects were found in the Diet Pepsi can, the corporation was exceptionally effective in their communication with all intended publics. The writer notes that Pepsi knew they had to have support from outside sources such as the FDA and the media to support the idea that the foreign objects could only have been placed in the cans after the consumer had opened them. The writer points out that Pepsi very effectively handled the media and the consumers and was able to turn a large amount of negative publicity into a tool for saving company market share. The writer concludes that Pepsi acted efficiently and with minimal financial cost to the company and saved their market share and company reputation all due to good planning and quick thinking.
Outline:
The External Publics
The Internal Public
Public Relations Tools
From the Paper
"The internal public in this case would be the staff of Pepsi and the media as well. Internal public relations focus on ways to keep a positive attitude among the staff members. In a way, the media can be considered both internal and external but in this case, Pepsi had to bring the media in to change it from being a sensational story on the news and instead reporting information that can work to the advantage of the company. Pepsi was able to do this by opening its bottling facility to the media. It was not enough that the FDA had been able to determine that the bottling line ran far to quickly for anyone to place a foreign object in the can before it was sealed. Pepsi essentially invited the media to be a part of their internal machine and used the media effectively to their advantage to get the message out that it was likely the foreign objects had been placed in the cans after the consumers had opened them. This did much to serve the internal public of the staff as well."
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Fallacies, 2007.
This paper examines three fallacies that constrain critical thinking skills.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that critical thinking skills require a careful assessment of all of the facts and avoidance of many of the constraints introduced by various fallacies. The paper discusses the three common types of fallacy: the ad hominem arguments, the false dilemma and the straw man fallacy. The paper maintains that in a day and age where a "culture of fear" is being foisted on the American public by politicians and the media alike, critical thinking skills have become more important that ever.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Walton (1989), ad hominem arguments are personal attacks on the answerer himself. Not surprisingly, for many people, "It may be difficult to know how to handle such powerful and subtle attacks, and whatever the answerer does or fails to do can be tricky and dangerous. In particular, it is hard to know what form of criticism is appropriate, or even to know how to reasonably and fairly evaluate whether or why such a question is open to justifiable criticism or not" (p. 147). This author emphasizes that in ad hominem fallacies, the attackers frequently focus on the personal situation, actions, character, or affiliations of the person whose arguments or statements are the subject of criticism, an approach that has long been regarded as a fallacy and which represents a lapse in critical thinking skills (Walton, 1989)."
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Advertising, 2006.
This paper discusses the theoretical and descriptive application of linguistics and retextualization to the field of advertising.
7,530 words (approx. 30.1 pages), 20 sources, APA, AU$ 265.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that advertising must catch the customer's eye and offer something that he or she is interested enough to read. The author points out that, although most large advertising agencies have been aware for some time of the use of color, text and design especially in print ads, smaller agencies or companies that wish to self-promote their products or services may have more difficulty with these particular issues. The paper describes three print ads, what is right and wrong with them and what should be done to correct the problems through retextualization.
Table of Contents:
Theoretical
General Introduction
Introduction to the Discourse of Advertising
Functions and Structure of Advertising Discourse
Components of the Advertising Discourse
Descriptive
Analysis of Advertisements
Retextualizations of Advertisements
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many employers will take surveys and do other things to try to find out whether customers are satisfied with their company. Advertising agencies also do this, to determine what it is that people need and whether they like a new advertising campaign. After these have been conducted, the more conscientious companies will try to incorporate suggestions from their customers into the way that they do business in order to raise the satisfaction level that these customers feel when they shop with the company, and the more conscientious advertising agencies will try to adjust their advertisements so that they meet with the approval of the company that is buying the advertising and with the customers that will be viewing them."
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Defining Public Relations, 2007.
This paper presents several definitions for public relations.
1,051 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to explain the term public relations by presenting several existing definitions. The paper also discusses the role of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA), the PR professional organization. The writer concludes that PR is a form of communication that enables an organization, and its public, to adapt to each other in a better and more practical manner.
From the Paper
"How can one define the term 'Public Relations'? This is difficult indeed, if only because of the fact that there are very many definitions of the term, and although the essence may be the same in all the definitions, the term is widely used and is also widely applicable to the management and the employees of an organization. As a matter of fact by examining the history of the two words crisis and consensus one can learn much. The word 'crisis' in Greek and Latin meant 'discrimination' and 'decision', and in old English, it meant a sudden change in a disease, while 'consensus' referred to the opposite of disease, perhaps, health. These are the two words that, in fact, are reminders of the very basis of all communication, which must either lead to a crisis, or to a consensus. (Roach, 2006) "
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Newspaper Comparison, 2007.
This paper analyzes the advertising content within three daily newspapers published in Las Vegas, Nevada.
813 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Las Vegas Review Journal (English language only); El Tiempo (Spanish language only) and La Voce (bilingual Italian and English). The paper highlights the diffferences in the advertising of all three newspapers. The paper discusses how these findings reflect the target population of these newspapers.
From the Paper
"In the Classified Section of the Las Vegas Review Journal on Sunday, June 25, 2006, I perused a 42 page group of ads, covering four separate sections of the newspaper (Sections "F"; "G"; "H"; and "HH") and 33 separate advertising categories, including, for example, "Accounting/Financial"; "Healthcare"; "Hospitality"; and "Work from Home", to name just a few. The section also included "Help Wanted" ads; "Personal" ads; and myriad automobile ads, both car dealership and private party. One interesting advertising category unique to Las Vegas (and other gambling areas" was "Casinos"."
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Philosophical Discontinuity, 2007.
This paper discusses philosophical discontinuity; disagreements in decision-making.
1,244 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how in business and other endeavors, communication and decision-making are invariable factors that contribute to the success - or failure - of any undertaking. The paper examines Mark H. Fowler's term of philosophical discontinuity in a case where one manager left a company due to disagreements in decision-making. The paper shows how despite the misgivings of the one manager, the decision was seen as the best one for the company. The paper looks at Allan Chapman's "decision-making maxims" and at Carter McNamara's "downward and upward communications." The paper concludes that the key to avoidance of disagreement is communication.
From the Paper
"Simplistically, it may be termed as "difference of opinion" or "varying viewpoints." But as Fowler (2002) presented in the case of the "Owner vs. Manager" wherein the owners "wanted to focus on the existing customer base and develop new products for existing customers" while the managers "wanted to reach new markets and expand firm capabilities", despite growth in sales after "discussing the different plans and agreeing to" the direction of the owners, one manager still left. This is also a case in point of not being able to satisfy everyone's wish and if a person strongly disagrees with management decision, quitting is always a prerogative."
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Television Violence and Children, 2007.
This paper explores the effects of media violence on children.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how violence has always been an integral part of the television cartoon format. The paper explores research on the effects of violence on children and shows how younger children tend to be more deeply affected by televised violence than older children. The paper maintains that the correlation between television violence and the development of aggressive patterns of behavior obligates parents to become involved in the monitoring of violent scenes for their young children.
Outline:
Introduction
The Increasing Amount of Violence in the Media
Research on the Effects of Violence of Children
The Role of Parents
From the Paper
"Violence has always been an integral part of the television cartoon format and there is an increasing acceptance of media violence in our society. It is as if we have become inured or immune to scenes of violence. This also applies to accepted violence in cartoons aimed at very young children. As one critic states: " Every Disney cartoon I watch is violent. They all have very dark scary moments." ( Dickinsin A. 2000, p.90) Numerous studies also emphasize the connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in children. Experts state that there is no doubt about the relationship between television violence and the development of aggressive tendencies in children."
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Business and the Human Mind, 2006.
A review of how business exploits the psychological human mind.
1,829 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and shows how businesses use the innate and psychological human thought process to exploit, as well as help, their customers. According to the paper, identity and the question of who and what we are, is largely determined by two main factors. These two factor are our genetic and innate psychological makeup and the influence of our environment, society, family and peers.
Outline:
Introduction
Consumerism
Business and Marketing
Negative and Positive Influences
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Advertising and business today is often critically associated with having a negative impact on society. It should also be remembered however that businesses also sell products based on positive as well as negative selling points. For example the Audi car is promoted and sold to the public on the basis of its design quality and good customer communication. Not only does this make us more are of the positive aspects of good design but Audi has also based their marketing on establishing communications and trust with their client base using the idea of quality and innovation. The company developed a 'communications platform' which was centered on the theme of expert and sophisticated design. (Audi.) This therefore promotes the value and importance of good communication and cordial business ethics."
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Globalization and Communication, 2007.
This paper explores the extent that globalization contributes to the shaping of communication systems in different areas of the world.
2,275 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the many contending theories in the debate surrounding globalization. The study focuses on the relationship between communications, cultural accessibility and globalization. Throughout the paper, attention is drawn to the fact that the various elements of globalization, such as culture, politics and economics are inextricably intertwined and that any analysis of one aspect must include references to the others. The paper concludes that despite the positive aspects that globalization brings, there is a growing sense of discontent with globalization from many quarters.
Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Perspectives
The Realities of Globalization and Communication
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The concept and meaning of globalization is in itself a source of contention in term of its definition. "What does "globalization" mean? As a term and concept, "globalization" lacks concise, universal interpretation because it is too complex a concept for clean-cut assessment. " (Muraoka K.T.) Part of the reason for this situation is that the term has been used to express different meanings in different contexts. The term 'globalization 'is used in a monetary context to refer to, "...the efforts of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank and others to create a global free market for goods and services.""
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George Orwell's '1984', 2007.
This paper looks at George Orwell's book '1984' and discusses it relevance in today's world.
2,337 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article states that post-9/11 America is an uncomfortably appropriate time to be taking a look at literature like George Orwell's '1984'. Given the current political climate of the United States, the writer notes that Orwell's dark, repressive world hits close to home. Not only does the power of language exist within the pages of Orwell's fictitious dystopia, but the writer points out that there is increasing evidence that the American government is attempting to control and manipulate the masses by hijacking the common language. The writer concludes that with the current war in the Middle East and the actions of the American government smacking uncomfortably like the policies and actions of those in Oceana, now is the time to revisit 1984 and take a good, hard look at what is going on.
From the Paper
"However, it is the people that offer the control by using the language that is given to them in the first place. Though this is a sound theory, and can, unfortunately, be seen in practice all over the world, the weakness in language that allows this to occur, is ironically the same as the strength that will keep it from taking over completely and pushing society over the edge into the kind of system that is presented in 1984."
"When the year 1984 came and went without the gloomy socialist world of the novel 1984 coming to fruition, the Western world probably sighed a bit of relief. However, as Orwell points out in his appendix entry on Newspeak, the full implementation of Newspeak isn't actually scheduled to occur until around the year 2050. This gives the Western world another 66 years to worry about the predictive nature of Orwell's work. Though in the fictitious 1984, Newspeak was in wide usage already, it has taken until the 21st century to really begin to see this concept implemented in the real world."
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Headlines, 2007.
This paper analyzes the structure and function of headlines by examining their grammar and vocabulary.
1,373 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper examines headlines from Associated Press (AP) news and compares them with headlines from the news magazine "Time." The paper highlights the differences between the AP and "Time" headlines and shows how each news organization writes headlines for its intended audience. The paper discusses how headlines may seem like a very small part of a news article or story, but they are the primary way a reader decides whether to read an article or not. The paper concludes that headlines, therefore, are one of the most important parts of any news story.
From the Paper
"The first headline comes from Time magazine, and is the headline for a book review regarding a biography of a man named James Holman. The headline reads "Have Cane, Will Travel." Immediately, it draws the reader into the article, posing questions the reader wants answered. 'Why does the person carry a cane, and where do they travel?' might be two of the first questions that pop into the reader's mind. The lead paragraph literally 'leads' the reader on, introducing the book and the person it chronicles, but still not answering the questions the headline generates. It is not until the end of the second paragraph that the reader learns the 'rest of the story' - that Homan was blind, and traveled the world in the 19th century, when travel was much more difficult, especially for a blind man."
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Memory and the Hippocampus, 2007.
This paper examines the effects abuse has on the hippocampus (a part of the brain) and the powers of recall.
2,329 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the formation of emotion, motivation and long-term memory happens in the limbic system and is performed primarily by the hippocampus. The paper relates that at age 6 or 7, memories consolidate and beyond this time, new memories are usually not processed. The paper shows how, therefore, if a person was abused or neglected as a child, painful or unbearable memory is preserved for a lifetime. This causes damage to the hippocampus and the powers of recall, making a healthy, normal life of open communication extremely difficult or impossible. The paper stresses how this is a consistent condition among survivors of severe childhood abuse whose subsequent interpersonal relations in later life are seriously compromised.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Psychologists and neuroscientists generally agree that the hippocampus plays an essential role in the formation of new memories about experienced events and as part of a larger medial temporal lobe memory system for facts and episodes (Wikipedia 2006). These memories last a lifetime but the role of the hippocampus ceases after a period of consolidation of the memories. Damage to it renders the formation of new memories or anterograde amnesia very difficult and impedes access to stored memories before the damage or retrograde amnesia. It is believed that older memories are transferred out of the hippocampus to other parts of the brain as a result."
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Controversial Commercials, 2006.
A look at the problem of controversial commercials and their effect on children.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at advertisers, commercials and the effect and influence that they have on the young generation. According to the paper, children are the most vulnerable group of viewers, too young to be able to distinguish between right and wrong.
From the Paper
"It is also important to mention here that children are more attracted to commercials than older people. They are less likely to enjoy the actual program and may wait for commercials because the jingles, the colorful sequences and the fast action are some of the things that they find far more engrossing than regular programs. Thus they typically are more attraction to advertising (Alexander & Morrison, 1995). We must also understand that the fact that children love advertisements more is evident from the pace and style of some actual programs which appear like commercials to attract children attention. This was the main factor in the development of different kind of pace and style in children's program 'Sesame Street' (Lesser, 1974). Since children also watch television more often than viewers between the ages of 18-34, it means they are more likely to be influenced by what they watch. An average American child is likely to be exposed to 600,000 television commercials during their first 20 years (Black, 1997)."
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The Effects of TV, 2006.
A discussion regarding how TV and the media influence young children.
2,119 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact that the media has on children and society. The paper also discusses the idea that due to television and the media, childhood has disappeared.
From the Paper
"Gauntlett (1998) disagrees. He believes that researchers go about their studies the wrong way. Instead of looking to the media as influencing and encouraging violent behavior, we should be looking at social factors like poverty, unemployment, and abuse. He cites a study of young offenders who watched the same TV programs as non-offenders. When they were asked to name someone on TV they would want to be like, they were unable to name anyone, and according to Gauntlett, this shows they were not very involved with television watching, yet they engaged in violent behavior. He believes the "effects model" of research treats children as though they were unable to think for themselves. Researchers often view children, he says, as other. They define children negatively in terms of what they cannot do, while research that seeks to establish what children can do shows that children are really sophisticated about the media and therefore not that influenced by what they see. "
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Technological Determinism, 2006.
Reflections of Marshall McLuhan's technological determinism theory.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how the evolution of human societies and the influence of technology in shaping the social (world) order, is captured best through Marshall McLuhan's technological determinism theory. This paper demonstrates how McLuhan's theory has influenced and served as a mirror to the radical changes occurring in today's human cultures.
From the Paper
"McLuhan's description of the future culture of the society cannot be any more specific than what we are witnessing today. With the presence of computer technologies, it has become possible for mass media to penetrate and reach people with the widest and most varied scope possible. Through the Internet and mobile technologies, it became possible to send/transmit messages to people, whether this message is in visual, audio, or audio-visual form. As a response to these cultural changes, society adapted by integrating these computer technologies in their everyday lives: keeping in touch with personal friends and family became easier through mobile phones, and using the computer anywhere is possible through notebooks and PDAs, among others. "
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| Essay # 94115 |
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