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Time Value of Money, 2006.
A review of financial planning (time value of money applications) when preparing for retirement.
4,892 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 199.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the application of the time value of money (TVM) theory when planning for retirement. The paper reviews the case of Mr. and Mrs. Smith, taking note of their current financial situation. The paper discusses what steps need to be taken to prepare for their future and their retirement.
Outline:
Retirement Planning Case Study
Saving For College
Retirement Living
Discussion and Recommendations
Sensitivities
Alternative Investment Opportunities
From the Paper
"Other types of investments, such as stocks, or mutual funds have high rates of return. However, they also carry a substantial amount of risk as well. One has to weigh the amount of risk involved with each type of transaction. In general, mutual funds are much less risky than single stock purchases. However, there are options, such as combining low risk investments with higher risk investments in an attempt to balance risk with return. The type of investment depends on the level of risk that the customer is comfortable with. "
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Data Management, 2006.
A look at the importance and significance of data management systems for small accounting practices.
2,717 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the significance of data management for small accounting firms and the concerns these firms have related to data management costs and security issues. The paper interviews and surveys managers from fifty accounting firms.
Outline:
Abstract
Chapter 1-Introduction
Background
Purpose
Importance of This Research
Statement of the Problem
Specific Aims
Method of Inquiry
Limitations
Paper Organization
Chapter 2- Review of Related Literature
Purpose of Paper
Purpose of Chapter
Chapter Organization
The Importance of Data Management for Accounting Firms
Chapter 3-Methodology
Purpose of Paper
Purpose of Chapter
Chapter Organization
Sampling Unit
Sampling Frame
Method of Selecting the Sample Elements
Participants
Data Analysis
Experimental Procedures
Research Hypotheses
Strengths and Weaknesses
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is important to note that several research studies related to data management systems for accounting companies have been carried out (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979; Johnson, 1990; Reckers, et al. 1993; Rutledge, et al. 1993; Asare, 1992; Lewis, et al. 1983; Messier, 1992; Bamber, et al 1991; Brown, 1985; Budescu and Weiss, 1987; Mowen, 1987; Pei, et al. 1992). However, no research has focused on the costs and security issues of data management systems for mid-sized accounting firms. Therefore this research will fill this vital gap existing in the literature of data management systems. The issue of data management security and costs for mid-sized accounting firms not only in the local but also in the global context has been a neglected subject. Despite its significance, very few research studies have actually presented a conceptual framework for high-quality data management systems. One reason for this can be the fact that data management security and costs issues are difficult to measure (Pei, et al. 1992). This study aims to fill this gap by exploring data management security and costs for mid-sized accounting firms. "
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Australia Banking Industry, 2006.
A discussion regarding whether Australia should introduce deposit insurance in banking.
1,921 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the issue of deposit insurance banking in Australia. According to the paper, Australia does not currently have systems of financial regulation which include deposit insurance. The paper discusses the recommendation made by Australia's Council of Financial Regulators (CFR) to introduce a deposit insurance scheme.
Outline:
Introduction
Current Regulations of the APRA/ Powers of the APRA
Explicit Deposit Insurance - Advantages
Explicit Deposit Insurance - Disadvantages
Disadvantages of Explicit Deposit Insurance
Does Australia Need the System Proposed by the CFR?
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to the government in Australia who has identified an issue that it states "would arise on closure of a distressed financial institution, it has also identified an issue which would arise on closure of a distressed financial institution. In these circumstances, there is currently no mechanism for providing depositors/policy holders with access to their funds on a timely basis. While the relevant legislation give depositors/policyholders first claim on the assets of a failed institution, it makes no provision for timely payments. Given the lengthy nature of the wind-up process, it could take many months, or even years, before funds are available for distribution." (Council of Financial Regulators - Failure and Crisis Management in the Australian Financial System 2006) This would be expected to results in financial hardship for many homes and businesses and place a great deal of pressure on the Government to "do something". (Council of Financial Regulators - Failure and Crisis Management in the Australian Financial System, 2006) The Council states that this "is an inappropriate outcome both for the more vulnerable members of society" (Ibid) as well as for the Government. The Council states that it is: "not attracted to the cumbersome pre-funded deposit insurance and financial system guarantee schemes found in other countries."
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Organizational Behavior, 2007.
This paper explores the issue of workplace and employee motivation.
1,642 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how management must be able to motivate all staff employees, improve performance and appropriately address employees' resistance to increasing productivity. The paper examines the organizational efforts of an average retail store and identifies motivational theories such as managing diversity, releasing every employee's potential, mentoring, motivation through equity, expectancy and goal setting, and levels of trust between management and employees. The paper concludes that a retail establishment would be well-advised to implement an "employee ethics" theory into its management efforts.
Outline:
Introduction
Releasing Every Employee's Potential
Managing Diversity
Motivation through Equity
Expectancy
Goal Setting and Levels of Trust
Overview of Motivational Theories
Employee Retention
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One such theory of employee motivation is called motivation theory, which seeks to explain all kinds of motivated behavior in different situations, including behavior in organizations. Compensation administration is an application of motivation theory (Mitchell, 1992). Since the majority of behavior is sense motivated, individuals are greatly influenced by their environment. Thus, retail establishments can influence people's behavior by changing environments and rewards. The best known theory of motivation in this area is Maslow's theory of human motivation, which centers on the theory of "physiological needs (Maslow, 1943)."
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The Enron Corporation, 2007.
The paper discusses how former employees and investors of Enron can learn from their experience.
1,401 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the series of scandals by the Enron company that involved irregular accounting procedures, bordering on fraud. The paper discusses how displaced Enron employees stood to learn from their experience. They can learn how working for a large and seemingly stable company, which promises a lot of incentives, benefits and security, is not an assurance that they will receive what the compan promises or offers. The paper concludes that the labor sector should continuously lobby for its interests in both Houses of government in response to these developments and in preparation for probable problems linked to these developments.
From the Paper
"The Enron Corporation is an American energy company formed with the merger between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth with Kenneth Lay as Chief Executive Officer in 1985 in Omaha, Nebraska (Wikipedia 2006). It was immediately renamed into Enron and its headquarters established in Houston, Texas. Its original business lines were the transmission and distribution of electricity and gas in the United States and the development, construction and operation of power plants, pipelines and other infrastructure worldwide. But right in its first year of operation as a merger, it went into a partnership with Spectrum 7, an oil well venture, whose chairman and CEO was George W. Bush, the son of the then US Vice President George H. W. Bush. In 1998, the company opened a water sector, Azurix Corporation, but which failed to break into the water utility market and Enron would, in April of 2001, announce that it would dissolve Azurix and sell its assets (Wikipedia)."
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Internal Auditing, 2007.
This paper looks at the changes that have taken place in the auditing field in recent years.
2,051 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that over the past two decades, a number of changes took place that greatly altered the business world. The writer points out that some of these changes were external, such as ever-increasing globalization, growing competition and fast-paced technological innovations. However, some of the changes were internal. The writer relates that at the beginning of the millennium, for example, huge cases of company fraud rocked the structures of many organizations and that, as a result, the entire auditing field was put on trial. The writer maintains that Enron and similar financial disasters made many companies think and then think again about how to enhance their own internal audit functions. In order to find out more about auditing in present times, the writer interviewed, Robert Norwick, the internal auditor of a local mid-sized family-owned business.
Outline:
Background
Internal Audit Position
Need for Internal Auditors
Future Growth
Average Current Compensation of Internal Auditors
Certification
Organizations/Resources
From the Paper
"Norwick works for a farsighted company that recognizes the value of prevention. They also realized that if they ever wanted to go public or acquired a public company, they would be accountable by legislation. Instead of using external auditors, they decided to expand their internal department. It hired him a couple of years ago after an extensive search to find the right individual for the new internal audit position. They put together a cross-functional search committee, including the human resources director and CFO, to get varied input. They also looked at additional skills beyond the traditional ones normally required for internal auditors. For example, they wanted someone who was just as comfortable in front of the desk talking with people as well as behind the desk crunching numbers."
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Real Estate Investments, 2007.
A discussion on how to fund real estate investments.
11,417 words (approx. 45.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 358.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how it is in the field of internal or corporate finance that most innovation has been shown by property development companies over recent years. The range of devices, instruments and techniques has appeared endless, with many American mainstream corporate financing practices being adapted and adopted in global financial markets. The paper examines mortgages for residential properties and discusses what they are and how to obtain one.
Outline:
Introduction
History of Mortgages in Common Law
Traditional Mortgage Funding
Federal Housing Administration
Veteran's Assistance and Fannie Mae
The Development of Mortgage-Based Securities
What Are Mortgage-Based Securities?
Chapter Summary: Obtaining a Mortgage
Step-By-Step Guide
Funding For Commercial Real-Estate
References
From the Paper
"A careful review of how capital can be raised on the stock market is beyond the scope of this chapter; however, it is important to note that there are two types of new issue by which this can be achieved. First, the bringing to the market of companies that have not previously been quoted. Second, the raising of additional capital by companies already quoted. The former will normally be effected by an 'offer for sale', whereby an institution such as a merchant bank buys a block of shares from the existing shareholders and offers them to the general public at a fixed price; by a 'placing', where an institution may buy the stock or shares and arrange for the placing of the issue with various funds or companies known to be interested; an 'introduction' when a company already has many individual shareholdings and Stock Exchange quotation simply provides a public market for shares that previously could only be dealt in privately; or a 'tender', which is exactly the same as an offer for sale except that the price of the shares is not fixed in advance."
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Credit Cards, 2007.
This paper looks at the lingering effects of the easy availability of credit cards.
1,057 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
In the first part of this paper, the writer discusses the rise in credit card use and looks at the reasons behind this increase. The writer then examines how the availability of easy credit caused a fundamental shift in American tastes. The writer also evaluates how these trends could affect a consumer's purchasing power, the credit industry, and even the national economy. The writer concludes that a combination of consumerism, economic need and the easy availability of credit have contributed to the revolving debt figures in the US. Further, the writer argues that as more people become knowledgeable about credit and are turning to debit cards and cash, creditors will have to devise new ways to encourage credit spending.
Outline:
Credit History
Credit Aftermath
Economic Effects
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Previous research has suggested that only a small amount of credit-card holding households were responsible for the vast majority of credit card debt. Others have shown that as credit cards became more common forms of payment, average balances increased across the board. The fact that credit cards became more readily available in the early 1990s partly accounts for this phenomenon, and tends to support the latter conclusions. It is far more likely that all people are using credit cards more, rather than merely a fraction of American households."
"Bernthal et al attributes this increase in revolving debt to intense competition among lenders. There was therefore a strong incentive for lenders to extend loans to riskier households. In the 1980s, credit cards were seen as a status symbol, only acquired by those who had disposable income. By 1995, however, the average credit card holder had lower income and was more likely to be single. The average credit card holder was also more likely to rent rather than own their home, worked in a blue collar profession and often carried higher credit card balances."
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2007.
This paper analyzes the current issues and trends pertaining to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
1,118 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has been successful in enabling higher levels of accountability throughout publicly-held companies. The paper relates that this is mainly a result of re-defining core processes as they relate to financial reporting and the disclosure of events that impact a company's financial performance. The paper also points out the interpretative nature of the compliance legislation and the confusion that exists over just what constitutes a compliant strategy. The paper concludes that compliance is a corporate-wide strategy.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Fundamentals of Sarbanes-Oxley
Analyzing How Sarbanes-Oxley is Redefining Processes and IT Spending
Sarbanes-Oxley Audits Are the Big News for 2006
Bottom Line
From the Paper
"Inherent in Sarbanes-Oxley compliance efforts is the synchronizing of the many databases and data marts that contain financial data. The growth of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) has been in direct response to the need for greater coordination of financial data and the re-defining of processes to make Sarbanes-Oxley compliance easier accomplished including successful completion of audits by Sarbanes-Oxley auditors. Columbus and Murphy (2002) defined through their series of research initiatives on the adoption of enterprise content management (ECM) as a unifying strategy across all content stores had a 5% penetration rate into many organizations."
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Accounting Ethics, 2007.
This paper looks at the merits of the Accounting Code of Conduct.
1,262 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the Accountant Code of Professional Conduct is an instrument that provides guidance to accountants and protection to the clients. The paper discusses how the majority of accountants take pride in doing an honest and competent job for those who hire them. For the few who are either dishonest or incompetent, the code provides relief for clients by way of criminal punishment or fines. The paper shows how it is a code that stands as strong and tall as the Hypocratic Oath for physicians and one that is held to an equally strict standard so that the field of accounting will remain above reproach.
Outline:
Introduction
History
When An Accountant Fails
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At first glance the average laymen would be hard pressed to explain why accountants need a code of conduct in the profession. People are aware of the doctor and attorney professional vows or promises to follow certain ethical rules because of the severe damage they can do if they become unethical. Once one begins to explore the accounting profession, however, one will quickly discover that accountants have the ability to do great harm as well(Demski, 2000). Accountants have the financial survival, future, and life of their clients in their hands. If an accountant decides to become unethical he or she could easily destroy an individual, a family, a corporation or a government entity."
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Accounting Rule, FASB 142, 2006.
A review of the accounting rule, FASB 142.
1,074 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at FASB 142 and the impact it has had on companies. According to the paper, companies are now required to test goodwill yearly for impairment along with other specific guidance (provided by FASB) on the testing process for impairment. The paper goes on to discusses the overall benefits of the implementation of FASB 142.
From the Paper
"When investors see companies such as JDS Uniphase declare a $51 billion dollar loss, its perception of such losses can lead to a state of no-confidence in the financial markets overall. Many savvy investors knew enough to not use goodwill as any part of the analysis when considering whether to invest in certain companies (or not), but there are plenty of investors that are not savvy. These individuals may see the resulting changes in net income for companies such as AOL as signals to buy, instead of what the signs really are, which are signals to sell. Many analysts believe the same way and have been attempting for years to get the FASB to set higher standards, while demeaning companies attempts at obscuring the true costs of their acquisitions."
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Implementing a Budgeting Process, 2006.
A discussion regarding the implementation of a budgeting process.
1,342 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the budgeting process. According to the paper, this budgeting process is more than an exercise in estimating numbers for its own sake. The paper discusses how budgeting is about strategic planning, which involves identifying business goals and objectives, and mapping out in tangible terms how those goals will be accomplished over time.
Outline:
Use of Budget Manuals
What are The Characteristics of a Good System?
Cash Flows
Variance Analysis
Evaluating Risk
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Understanding the amount of cash that comes in and goes out of your company is one of the most critical steps in the budget planning process, because it provides an immediate view of how money is spent and if receipts are timely enough to cover expenses. For instance, Is the company taking advantage of vendor discounts by paying invoices earlier, or are too many customers paying on credit causing the firm to hold off on paying some of its own vendors, thereby losing discounts that can add up over time. Are visits to customers scheduled so that sales staff are available to customers at all times in the showroom? Are the full time carpenters sufficient to handle timely output? Would one additional full time person be more financially beneficial than using four on-call contractors? "
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Virtualized Data Storage & IFC, 2006.
A look at an information system solution for the Irwin Financial Corporation (IFC).
2,012 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at issues relating to information systems and virtual data storage at the Irwin Financial Corporation (IFC). The paper reports that any technology initiative aimed at budget analysis, reducing expenses and improving the efficiency ratio, with a projected return on investment (ROI) aggressive enough to pay for itself in six months to a year, would be welcomed by the CEO and bank management as a whole.
Outline:
Company Information
Operating Challenges
Technical Environment
Management
Recommendation: Data Management, Business Intelligence and Integration
Areas For Future Improvement
Cost Savings
Functionality
Compliance
From the Paper
"HDS' advantage may also come down to successfully convincing IT management that the HDS array system is better than IBM's storage virtualization controller (SVC). HDS has been ahead of EMC in virtualization, and EMC considers the first version of Invista a high-end product. However, IBM has had early success in mid-range land, claiming 1,000 customers for SVC. Virtualization gives HDS a mid-tier product that EMC won't have until the middle of next year at this price range. HDS' virtualization performance should be similar to (if not better than) IBM's. Overall, however, IBM's edge is in implementation with IFC, whereas HDS' edge may be in price and functionality. Again, using Pacific Capital Bancorp in California as a case study, citing its recent award as the winner of Storage Networking World's Best Practices in Storage Systems Implementation, could be used by IS management."
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Bank Teller, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of the banking industry and profession.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer offers a review of the banking industry in general, to determine what trends and other factors currently influence the banking industry. In addition, the researcher identifies what challenges face the industry, particularly with respect to the field or career of bank teller, and identifies what obstacles an incumbent desiring a career in this profession will need to overcome to realize future success in the banking industry. Furthermore, the researcher explores what trends currently dominate the banking industry and what challenges the banking industry in general faces. The writer also discusses the job outlook for individuals desiring a professional career in the banking industry and looks at obstacles that tellers and other banking professionals need to overcome in order to succeed in this industry.
Outline:
Statement of Problem
Statement of Purpose
Literature Review
Overview of Banking Industry
Challenges Facing Industry/Profession of Bank Teller
Summary of Banking Profession/Discussion
From the Paper
"There is little doubt that diversification is essential to the success and well being of the banking industry in the years to come. Banks, as have many other industries, have realized the need to offer more services as technological advances have stimulated the growth of small to mid size firms and increased competition among all markets and industries. Diversifying services not only helps expand the ability of banks to meet the needs of customers but also affords customers more service opportunities. Expansion creates more jobs as well and enables customers to manage all their financial assets in one key location. More and more this trend is likely to continue as technological advances allow customers to handle their financial affairs, whether related to loan processing, banking or distribution of retirement income online."
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Supa Toys Company, 2006.
This paper is a case study of the Supa Toys company with a special focus on various strategic and financial aspects of the firm.
2,945 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 140.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Supa Toys has identified objectives to develop and expand the contracting of operational activities, alliances, joint ventures, outsourcing and sourcing opportunities. The author points out that one of the key strategic plans, upon which Supa focused, is its operational activities, which coordinates and prioritizes the major elements of the actual daily activities of the company's physical plant. The paper stresses that any business of any size needs to have an effective accounting system, which is especially vital to Supa Toys because of the firm's intense effort to grow, improve and lead its industry. The paper includes charts.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Opportunities, Trends and Objectives
Strategic Opportunities
The Importance of an Accounting System
Financial Trends
Trends in Light of Organizational Strategic Objectives
Measures of Efficiency and Profitability
Net Operating Profit per Person
Percentage of Net Operating Profit to Owner's Investment or Equity
Percentage of Operating Profit to Total Assets
Stock
Sales
Gross Profit
Debtors
Measure of Financial Stability
Short Term Financial Stability
Long Term Financial Stability
General Observations about the Financial Reports for Supa Toys
Pricing Remains Stable
Financial Management Training
Planning Objectives
Process Time-frames
Resource Allocation
Timing of Supa's Financial Planning Objectives
Closing Thoughts
From the Paper
"Over the past several years the product pricing for Supa Toys has remained the same, and has not increased in spite of the revenue increases that are being sought as part of the overall strategic plan. The unchanged price also can represent a significant source of additional revenue. While some people view price increases as a last ditch effort when their business cannot be grown or customer base is even dwindling, for a successful company like Supa, the prospect of increasing pricing, of course in a discreet and professional way while the firm is doing well can provide a way to increase revenues without actually having to sell more individual units or to undertake business with disreputable customers who will cause more harm to the organization than good."
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