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Hershey Foods Corporation, 1995.
This paper is an evaluation of the financial performance and investment potential of Hershey Foods Corporation: Products, marketing, ration analysis, stocks and capital. Chart.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 104.95
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"Hershey Foods Corporation and its subsidiaries are engaged in the manufacture, distribution and sale of consumer food products. The company, primarily through its Hershey Chocolate USA, Hershey Grocery, Hershey International and Hershey Pasta Group divisions, and its subsidiary Hershey Canada Inc., produces and distributes a broad line of chocolate, confectionery, grocery and pasta products. This research examines the recent financial performance of the company and considers whether or not the company is an attractive investment opportunity.
Description of Business
The Corporation's principal product groups include: chocolate and confectionery products sold in the form of bar goods, bagged items, boxed items, and throat drops; grocery products in the form of ... "
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Citibank and Chase Manhattan, 1994.
This paper compares the financial performances of Citibank and Chase Manhattan: Industry conditions, services, assets, loans and net worth. Graphs.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 46.95
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"Chase Manhattan and Citicorp are two of the largest bank holding companies in the United States. Chase Manhattan is the sixth largest bank holding company and Citicorp is the largest bank holding company in the country. Both companies had checkered financial performance during the 1980s and early 1990s, and both have recently recovered. This research examines the financial performance of the companies in relation to each other and to the banking industry as a whole.
Citicorp provides a broad range of financial services for individuals and institutional clients from offices in 32 states and 92 foreign countries. Consumer banking services are provided through more than 1500 offices in five states and the District of Columbia, and through 2000 foreign offices. The company also has a ... "
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Capital Investment Decision Making Methods, 1994.
This paper discusses capital investment decision making methods as a means to minimizerisk under uncertain economic conditions: Budgeting, return analysis, cost, goals, Efficient Frontier and timing.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 19 sources, AU$ 116.95
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"This research examines the process of business capital investment under conditions of uncertainty. Capital investment decision-making methods that accommodate conditions of uncertainty are reviewed.
Background
Effective and efficient decision-making is important in the capital investment process because financial resources are typically scarce.. Conditions of uncertainty, competing goals, and utility tend to complicate the decision-making process.. The selection from among alternatives in the capital investment process is generally referred to as capital budgeting. Capital budgeting involves the making of investment decisions related to fixed assets ... "
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Activity-Based Cost Accounting, 1994.
This paper discusses activity-based cost accounting: Definition, techniques, compared to traditional accounting and use in the corporation.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 69.95
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"In recent years, activity-based cost (ABC) accounting has challenged traditional accounting methods as the preferred method for internal reporting. Some companies have incorporated ABC to provide external accounting reports, as well. This increase in the popularity of a relatively new technique suggests that the accounting profession as a whole and companies across the business spectrum are recognizing that ABC can offer increased benefits to those organizations willing to take the time to implement ABC systems. This research explores ABC techniques, how ABC compares to traditional accounting methods, and considers the environments where ABC can effectively be implemented."
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Philip Morris' Acquisition of RJR Nabisco, 1994.
This research examines the current financial and marketing state of Philip Morris and considers the company's efforts to acquire RJR Nabisco: Financial situations, cigarette divisions, acquisitions and future.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 57.95
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"Philip Morris is the largest cigarette company in the United States, the second largest brewing company and the largest American food processor. Its brewing business comes from the Miller Brewing Company, and the food processing business comes from its Kraft General Foods subsidiary. In addition, Philip Morris controls what is arguably the world's most valuable brand name: Marlboro.. This research examines the current financial and marketing state of the company, and considers the company's efforts to acquire RJR Nabisco.
During 1993, tobacco, food and brewing contributed 42 percent, 50 percent and 7 percent to revenue, respectively, while contributing 56 percent, 38 percent and four percent to profit, also respectively. The remaining revenue and profit came from the company's financial and real estate activities."
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Johnson & Johnson, 1994.
This paper is a financial analysis using liquidity ratios for 1990 to 1992 of Johnson and Johnson, the largest and most comprehensive health care company in the world: Debt, equity, profit margin. Tables.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, AU$ 57.95
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"Johnson and Johnson is the largest and most comprehensive health care company in the world, offering a broad line of consumer products, prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals, and various other medical and dental items. Johnson and Johnson brands include Tylenol, Band-Aid and Reach. The company has a large international business (contributing 49 percent of sales in 1993) and is divided into three major operating segments: consumer, professional and pharmaceutical.. This research examines the company's financial performance for the period 1990 - 1992 through the use of ratio analysis. A complete table of the ratios used in this document is provided on page six.
Liquidity ratios are used to determine the ability of a company to meet its current (short-term) obligations. Common measure ... "
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Accounting and Technology, 1994.
The applications and effects of electronic data interchange, including outsourcing, object-oriented programming, networking, Windows and data security.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 35 sources, AU$ 116.95
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"Changes Being Introduced Into The Accounting Profession By Technology In The 1990s
Introduction
What is described as a progressive surge of technological innovation is in the process of transforming the profession of accounting.. Unfortunately, many professional accountants have yet to recognize the significance of technical innovation to the profession.. Technological innovation, however, is one of the principal phenomena that will change the profession to a significant extent by the year 2000.. Those accountants who choose not to integrate technological innovation into their practices inevitably will be left by the wayside. This research examines some of the more significant changes that technological is either in the process of introducing or is expected to introduce into the..."
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Algorithms, 1994.
Describes problem-solving technique, types (greedy, divide & conquer, dynamic, randomized, backtracking), design, applications and evaluation.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 163.95
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"Introduction
According to Weiss, an algorithm is a "clearly specified set of simple instructions to be followed to solve a problem.". The problem can be in any field, although algorithms are most often associated with computer science, and the key to a successful algorithm is determining its relevance and accuracy to the problem at hand. Even algorithms which are relevant and which accurately solve a problem may be deemed inappropriate if they require too much time or other resources. This research examines why algorithm design is important to the biomedical field, and considers five commonly used approaches to algorithms and their relevance to the field of clinical engineering.
Overview
Everyone uses algorithms in performing day-to-day activities. The algorithm.."
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Pension Plan Accounting, 1993.
Auditing regulations covering development & administration of plans in accordance with reporting rules, tax laws, income statements, balance sheets and footnote disclosures.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 128.95
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"Pension plans are one of the most popular benefits a company can offer to its employees. By helping long-term employees plan for retirement and reducing the reliance on Social Security, pension plans benefit both the employee, through the future payments after retirement, and the company, by encouraging long-term employee tenure. Because pension plans are considered employee benefits, some employees will accept lower salaries when a pension plan is included as part of the compensation package. Pension plans represent the largest institutional investors in the securities markets, and control billions of dollars in the economy. Even small, one person companies use pension plans to help their owners shelter money from taxes and defer those taxes until retirement. Because pension plans are an integral part of the business environment, accounting and auditing procedures are also.."
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Accounting in the Recession, 1993.
A look at the conditions of and outlook for the field during economic stagnation including education, recruiting, sex bias, corruption and fragmentation.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 81.95
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"In 1989, a large problem facing many accounting firms and coporations was the hiring of qualified graduates for entry level accounting positions. At that time, the problem was magnified because of a decrease in the number of accounting majors.. Accordingly, many firms spent a great deal of time and money recruiting what students there were by on-campus interviews and second interviews at the firm's office, as well as by inviting the prospective candidates to company functions. Many firms established recruiting departments comprised of professionally trained staff charged with the responsibility of hiring entry-level accountants. Today, however, this picture has changed, and this research will concern itself with the changes that have been bought about by the current recession, as well as with where the accounting field is headed."
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Accounting Procedures, 1993.
An examination of the changes in IBM and General Motors concerning pensions, inventory and retirement.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 93.95
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"Changes in Accounting Procedures: A Discussion of Examples
Introduction
This research considers changes made in accounting procedures by four firms. Both the nature and the effects of these changes are discussed. The Accounting Practice Board (APB) Opinion 20 holds that a change in accounting procedures initiated by a firm is not justifiable unless a firm can demonstrate that such a change involves the use of an alternative procedure that is clearly preferable in the context of fair and accurate financial reporting. Such a change in accounting procedures might, as an example, involve a change in the method for the valuation of inventory from FIFO (first-in-first-out) to LIFO (last-in-first-out). This type of change would not only require a justification of desirability on the part of the firm, but..."
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Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No 16, Prior Period Adjustments, 1993.
A look at its background, provisions, purpose, pros and cons.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 46.95
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"This research examines Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 16, Prior Period Adjustments. Of particular interest in this examination are the reasons prompting the development of Statement No. 16, the provisions of Statement No. 16, and the key issues addressed by the FASB in the development of Statement No. 16, including a consideration of arguments pro and con on the issues addressed.
In the mid-1970s, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Committee on SEC Regulations requested that the FASB consider the criteria for prior period adjustments, as those criteria were stated in APB Opinion No. 9, Reporting the Results of Operations, and provide further guidelines for the application of such criteria.1 APB Opinion No. 9 stated, among other things, that prior period adjustments were limited to the..."
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Managerial Accounting, 1993.
Examines how it is contrasted with financial accounting, purpose and costing operations in public and private sectors.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 81.95
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"This research compares the application of managerial accounting principles in government and private sector organizations. The movement toward making government more accountable includes pressures on public sector agencies to improve the efficiency of their application of public funds.. Measuring financial performance in government means applying managerial accounting principles to the operations of public sector organizations.. Managerial accounting principles were designed, however, with profit-oriented organizations in mind. This orientation of management accounting does not mean that the principles of the discipline are not applicable to government organizations, but it likely does mean that managerial accounting will remain more significant in the private sector than in the public sector."
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Financial Managers, 1992.
Examines the importance to a firm's profits, functions, forms, computers and mergers.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 93.95
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"Money. It drives the world and especially the business world. In the opinion of some people it is even the creative force of business. As Harvard historian David Landes insists, "factories appeared when big machines were devised to overcome the cost advantage of cottage industry and put out production" (1986, 22). This cost advantage was overcome by the putting together of bought materials and selling them as finished goods. This created another economic factor: profit. The profit of a business comes from the flow of bought materials into sold finished goods. There are many factors affecting the flow of this production line. Financial managers are needed to track, analyze, and recommend or take action toward keeping the flow at its most optimum speed. That is, the speed which creates the highest profit margin while still meeting the in-built quality ..."
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Credit Problems for Individuals, 1992.
A look at the symptoms, over extension, credit history, creditors, credit cards, credit repair agencies and counseling.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 104.95
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"People respond to debt in one of two ways. Some are overwhelmed by it. Others are slightly uneasy and worry that they are in too deep. Most people, in fact over 40 million Americans, fall into these categories;. and while credit offers wonderful opportunities to improve a person's material standard of living, unless used wisely, it is easy to fall into the nightmare of unpaid bills, overdue notices, collection agency letters, negative credit reports and even bankruptcy. However, it is possible to set up a credit repair system that allows an individual to get out of debt and manage money more wisely.
The first step is to recognize there is a problem. There are a number of danger signals. Credit borrowing doesn't make much sense when installments are made on products that are quickly consumed such as food, gifts and entertainment. A person..."
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Financial Accounting Standards, 1992.
An overview of the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the development of standards of accounting for research and development costs.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 69.95
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"Background Review on the Development of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 2: Accounting For Research and Development Costs
One of the first tasks undertaken by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) following its establishment in 1973 was to place ?on its technical agenda a project on ?Accounting for Research and Development and Similar Costs?? (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 1974, p. 9). The project was placed on the Board?s technical agenda in April 1973. The Board noted that, in 1972, total research and development expenditures in the United States approximated $30 billion, of which approximately $20 billion were made by business enterprises. The remaining research and development expenditures were made by government, research universities, and..."
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