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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2004.
A discussion of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and its shortcomings.
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the variety of reasons why Sarbanes-Oxley will fall short in meeting many of its objectives for making companies more accountable.
From the Paper
"The future of the accounting profession will be very different under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (How the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 impacts the accounting profession 2002). First, auditors will report to an audit committee, not management. This committee must pre-approve all services provided by its auditor. The auditor will need to keep the audit committee informed if accounting policies and practices to be used, alternative treatments of financial information within GAAP that have been discussed with management, accounting disagreements between the auditor and management and other relevant communications between the auditor and management."
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Trends in Expensing Stock Options, 2003.
An analysis of current and future trends in expensing stock options.
5,707 words (approx. 22.8 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 201.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review and discussion of the relevant literature to define what stock options are and how they are used. An examination of traditional and new valuation methods is followed by a review of current and future trends in expensing stock options. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion. Two excellent graphics are also provided within the text.
From the Paper
"During the past decade, American corporations have granted more and more stock options as compensation, especially for top executives. An option gives the holder the right to buy or sell stock at a specified price by a specific date. If the right to buy shares is set at a low price and the stock goes up, the option holder makes a profit. Critics of the proposed changes argue that options provide vital incentives for skilled employees and executives, especially those who work for risky high-tech ventures. Advocates of reform maintain that options give executives too much incentive to inflate profits falsely to boost the value of their options. Also, they argue that because stock-option costs are not counted in quarterly earnings statements, companies can mask their true cost to investors."
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Goldratt and Cox's "The Goal", 2004.
Book review of Goldratt and Cox's "The Goal".
899 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and reviews "The Goal" by Goldratt and Cox. The paper discusses "Theory of Constraints", a philosophy for improving production throughput presented in "The Goal", and looks at the concept of throughput accounting, a concept embraced by Goldratt and Cox in "The Goal".
From the Paper
"In The Goal, (Goldratt and Cox, 1986) Alex Rogo manages a troubled manufacturing plant. When his district manager informs Alex that profits must increase or the plant will be shut down, he turns to Jonah, a former professor. With Jonah?s help, Alex turns the plant around while at the same time abandoning traditional management principles in favor of Jonah?s Theory of Constraints and Throughput Accounting practices."
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United Airlines, 2004.
This paper discusses management issues at United Airlines, one of the biggest worldwide route networks.
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that United?s primary issue in human resource management is the conflict created by the fact that its employees are also the majority owners and, to date, have been unable to reconcile their interests as workers and owners. The paper points out that purchasing is currently being handled appropriately, given efforts to outsource certain areas as well as to achieve economies of scale where applicable. This paper concludes that United has many factors in its favor; but, until and unless it is able to resolve its corporate structure and labor issues, which are leading to an non-viable cost structure, it will be unable to compete effectively in a changing, more competitive market.
Table of Contents
Operations & Logistics
Human Resources Management
Information Systems
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In addition, United has harnessed information technology capability in order to provide enhanced flight notification, and superior sales support through its North America Sales Support Operations Center in Chicago (Business Travel News). Advanced technology and increased automation has helped United reduce disruptions caused by weather but extreme weather conditions and labor strikes are still vulnerability factors for United, as all other airlines. United is also vulnerable to sudden substantial cost increases in fuel and insurance premiums, which is compensated to a certain extent through hedging and insurance coverage by the FAA (United 2002 Annual Report, 8). As seen earlier, United is just about competitive now in terms of cost structures but is still at a disadvantage when compared with the cost efficient operations of low cost carriers. The significant trends that can be discerned here are the cost efficiencies generated by automation and technology, efficient planning via R&D and information systems, as well as cost cutting opportunities through outsourcing, negotiation and procurement efficiencies."
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Reengineering in Management, 2002.
Discusses the concept of 'reengineering', or restructuring, in the management world.
5,541 words (approx. 22.2 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 198.95
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Abstract
The paper is a discussion about reengineering management methodologies in the business world. It provides an annotated bibliography, including several books and articles, discussing the process of management methodology reengineering. Examples of companies, such as Sprint and Citibank, are discussed in terms of their advantages in the management field because of the schematic restructuring of their management system. The appendix includes several graphs and tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Annotations
Company Examples
Conclusions
Appendix
Bibliography
From the Paper
"A term that could best describe such an escalating sequence of changes is known as re-engineering. This term has been synthesized by adding ?re? in the beginning of ?engineering?, wherein engineering is defined as ?manufacturing something valuable through the combination of various elements.? Hence we develop the idea of re-combining or rearrangement. The element that must be rearranged is the method of carrying out the work..."
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Contemporary Management, 2002.
An annotated bibliography concerning the importance of restructuring management practices in the modern world.
5,459 words (approx. 21.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, AU$ 195.95
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Abstract
This paper is an annotated bibliography of several books and articles discussing the process of management methodology reengineering. Examples of companies like Sprint and Citibank are discussed in terms of the advantages resulting from the schematic restructuring of their management systems.
From the Paper
"For the past four decades technology has been growing at an astronomical pace and it has only been due to the very fact of continuous improvements and modifications in the existing styles and techniques. As technology moulds itself to become better and better by the day so must the managerial support behind it improve to keep the pace. A term that could best describe such an escalating sequence of changes is known as re-engineering. This term has been synthesized by adding ?re? in the beginning of ?engineering? wherein engineering is defined as ?manufacturing something valuable through the combination of various elements.? Hence we develop the idea of re-combining or rearrangement. The element that must be rearranged is the method of carrying out the work; the process more appropriately, it is the business process."
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Enterprise Resource Planning, 2001.
Discuss the benefits of ERP with industry examples.
1,654 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 19 sources, MLA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses advantages and disadvantages of enterprise resource planning, alongside company examples. There is a detailed budgeting analysis included in the paper. The importance of ERP is discussed, and then the cost and benefit of the system are detailed.
From the Paper
"Definition ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software, is a business management system that integrates all facets of the business, including planning, manufacturing, sales, and marketing. As the ERP methodology has become more popular, software applications have emerged to help business managers implement ERP. The true ambition of an ERP is the enterprise part. It attempts to integrate all departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all those different departments? particular needs. It is normally purchased as an off-the-shelf package, which is tailored by a consultant. A single package can replace many different previous packages. Costs and Benefits of ERP Advantages of ERP ERP offers only one real advantage of Integration, however, it provides a significant boost to the industry provided that it has been implemented correctly taking into mind accurate requirements. (See prior to ERP , Appendix I) By implementing an ERP, a single uniform source of information is used throughout a business. This should lead to a reduction in errors like insufficient inventory levels which could lead to unfulfilled orders which mean unpaid creditors, which in turn leads to poor cashflow management, which we call know leads to a business going under. Innovative works on ERP have focussed on redefining the integration market to include not only point-to-point data and metadata exchange between ERP packages, but the linking of all data sources, object models, and execution architectures--including the Web. Most important of all, speed up to implementation process For e.g. SAP?s innovation on its R/3 to the Ready-to-Run R/3 (RRR) is a new program, which makes it easier and faster to implement the R/3."
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Criminal Prosecution of Corporate Management, 2004.
A look at the phenomenon of the criminal prosecution of managers as a weapon against corporate crime.
1,102 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 56.95
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Abstract
Using the case of Enron as a backdrop, this paper asks and answers several questions relating to the prosecution of management in corporate crime. The questions involve which laws are broken in the current cases at issue; whether prosecution should include accounting firms and the CFO, how much authority managers have in accounting activities, whether managers should be prosecuted if they had no role in the crime, whether prosecution is becoming a deterrent,and whether corporations are exempt from criminal prosecution?
From the Paper
"Recently, a number of headline-grabbing cases, such as the accounting fraud that existed at the Enron Corporation, have highlighted the role of management at various corporations and in the financial industry, in the commission of corporate crime. The role of accountants and the major corporate accounting firms, as well as the chief financial advisors of corporations and the management personnel whom may or may not be aware of illegal accounting activities, are now under strict scrutiny by the SEC."
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Enron Additions, 2004.
Looks at how Enron violated certain ethical principles in business.
1,786 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the Enron Corporation defrauded the public and its investors through the use of Special Purpose Entity transactions. The paper also looks at the role Enron's public relations office had in hiding Enron's ethical violations, the role Wall Street had in helping Enron defraud the public, as well as how various independent advisors assisted Enron in cheating its investors.
From the Paper
"At these late points, Enron executives were calling on the public relations folks to fix their image, which was not possible. Because public relations? results are, well, public whereas accountings? results (barring failure and consequent exposure) are not, it was impossible for public relations at Enron to dig itself the kind of hole the rest of the company had. Any public relations staff who stayed on might have been seen as fools, or perhaps even liars, although many might have forgiven them trying to save their paychecks for a few more weeks since the were not doing anything illegal. One hopes."
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Soft Drinks vs. the Beer Industry, 2001.
In-depth analysis of these two industries, using Porter's Five Force Model and a SWOT analysis; focusing on the UK market.
5,380 words (approx. 21.5 pages), 25 sources, APA, AU$ 193.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the key environmental influences on the soft drink and beer industries in the United Kingdom, using the Political, Economical, Social, Technological (PEST) Analysis. It also evaluates the competitive environment by implementing Porters? Five Forces Analysis in order to compare the industries? competitive edge both today and in the future. The second section of the paper presents a SWOT Analysis for the two key players of each industry and illustrates how they respond to the main drivers to change. Finally, the comparable future prospects are discussed in Section Three. The appendix includes an analysis of gathered data for the two industries.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Environmental Influences
I.1 Soft Drinks Industry
I.1.1 Macro Environment ? PEST Analysis
I.1.2 Competitive Environment-Porter?s 5 Forces Model
I.1.3 Attractiveness of the Soft Drinks Market
I.2 Beer Industry
I.2.1 Macro Environment ? PEST Analysis
I.2.2 Competitive Environment-Porter?s 5 Force Model
I.2.3 Attractiveness of the Beer Market
I.3 Soft Drink Versus Beer Industry-Comparison of the Attractiveness
II Response of Key Players to the Changing Environment
II.1 Soft Drinks Industry
II.1.1 SWOT Analysis of the Key Players
II.1.2 Response of Key Players to Main Drivers to Change
II.2 Beer Industry
II.2.1 SWOT Analysis of Key Players
II.2.2 Response of Key Players to Main Drivers to Change
III Comparable Future Prospects
III.1 Soft Drinks Industry
III.2 Beer Industry
Bibliography
Appendix
From the Paper
"The soft drinks market is highly concentrated into the activities of a handful of major companies, led by two dominant alliances. The clear leader is the alliance between Coca-Cola and Cadbury Schweppes, knows as Coca-Cola & Schweppes Beverages (CCSB). Due to the high costs of market entry into a large, national sector such as soft drinks, and the significant resources required to meet distribution demands, it is expected that the soft drinks industry structure will continue to become more consolidated at the top, and increasingly fragmented at entry level."
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FASB Section 115, 2004.
An analysis and argument of the validity of establishing Section 115 by the FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board).
795 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) in the recent years has revised many accounting standards and policies to effectively govern corporations for the benefit of the public. In particular, it looks at how, in its attempt to curtail unaccounted for incomes and earnings, the FASB issued the FASB No.115 section in which it states that companies reporting their financials can determine their investment securities as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, or trading. It discusses the author's opinion that Section 115 is not only impractical, but it is also not feasible for companies who practice it.
From the Paper
"First of all companies that have held to maturity securities are often indebted but because of their credit worthiness, the face value of their securities remains high. At the time of sale of assets and settling of liabilities, these companies can bargain with the buyers of the fair price value of the securities. This is usually the case when there is a high demand for the securities in the market or that the industry is undergoing some changes. The mandate that the securities be sold at amortized cost and the securities? unrealized gains or loss be part of the equity often result in debt for the buyers as they are still considered to be liabilities for the company unless the securities mature."
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Marginal Analysis and Health Care, 2004.
This paper applies the economics analytical model, known as the "marginal analysis model", to the health care industry.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains marginal analysis is the quantification of the time taken to serve the patient as the basis of cost, and any additional incurring dollars in this time frame are considered the marginal cost. The author stresses that, in health care organizations, there is no standardized service; therefore, quantifying health care service has become a great issue, and the marginal analysis method has become one of the keys for detecting the overall outcome of servicing each patient. The paper stresses that health care organizations run the risk of high costs and investments when they do not monitor operational costs through marginal analysis, which detects unnecessary costs associated with the patient care.
Table of Content
Introduction
Marginal Analysis
Purpose Statement
Discussion / Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On the other hand, the marginal benefit is the additional benefit or benefits that are derived from one more unit produced. Benefits therefore can be quantified by the units of utility or satisfaction level in dollar value. It can also be noted that marginal benefit or the satisfaction level gradually falls with each additional unit. This is because when there is an increase in the units that one consumes, satisfaction level decreases and hence there is a less demand for it. The level of efficiency of an organization is very much dependent on the management's ability to manage the resources to maximize production and hence to maximize the utility of the unit cost."
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Ethical and Liability Issues Faced by Corporations, 2004.
Examines the ethical and liability issues faced by non-profit and for-profit businesses.
2,203 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 28 sources, APA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ethical and liability issues that non-profit corporations and for-profit businesses face and compares them. It looks at the potential for corruption that exists in non-profit organizations, the growing concern regarding this potential, and how ethical standards are being adopted by non-profit organizations as a result of these concerns. Also discussed is the growing realization among executives of for-profit businesses that corporations must project an ethical public image and the basic principles these corporations must adhere to in order to maintain public confidence.
From the Paper
"There have been a lot of scandals lately regarding large for-profit businesses. These scandals stem from both ethical and legal issues. Many of these scandals have resulted in lawsuits and even criminal proceedings against those who have been involved with them. The true extent of corporate liability is just beginning to be seen in our society. We are watching the large corporations of this country ever more closely now, in order to make sure that they are acting in an ethical manner. The corporations, for their part, are being extra careful in their actions and words, fully aware of the liability that they are under should anything they say or do slip out of the socially acceptable line. With all of the focus on the ethics and liability of large corporations in our nation, the question naturally arises of how much of this, if any, applies to non-profit organizations."
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Activity-Based Costing (ABC), 2003.
Presents an overview of ABC trends and techniques.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the need for accurate information for decision making in the business environment. It discusses the value of activity-based costing (ABC) in providing management with accurate overhead attribution to product cost.
From the Paper
"GETTING TO KNOW THE ABC'S OF ABC
History of Activity-Based Costing
Cost effectiveness is a key element of business competitiveness (Goulden & Rawlings, 1997). In the competitive business environment, management needs accurate information for decision ..."
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Activity-Based Costing (ABC), 2003.
Discusses its relationship to Total Quality Management (TQM).
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 11 sources, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper describes ABC as a set of accounting concepts and systems that managers can use to trace historical costs to activities, products, and services. The paper looks at the advantage of ABC for managers.
From the Paper
"Activity-Based Costing and its Relationship to
Total Quality Management
What is Activity-Based Costing
Activity-Based Costing refers to the set of value-added or adjusted accounting concepts and systems that certain managers have adopted as a method to ..."
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Accounting Software, 2003.
Evaluates Business Works for Windows.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 69.95
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Abstract
Describes the accounting software application program. Discusses three areas: capacity and limitations of the software; innovations structured into the software; and the strengths and weaknesses of the software's internal control.
From the Paper
"This research evaluates the Business Works for Windows accounting software application-program. The developer and marketer of Business Works for Windows is Sage Software, Inc., Irvine, Califoria.
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