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Financial Statements, 2004.
A discussion on the importance of published financial statements.
4,140 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 230.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of published financial statements and of accounting ratios as a means of interpreting the position and performance of a business. It compares the strengths and weaknesses of an absorption costing approach compared with a marginal costing approach in decision making. The paper explains how the use of activity based costing might improve a firm's decision making.
From the Paper
"Published financial statements including audited financials statements have a number of weaknesses. Some of the limitations of financial statements and financial statement analysis include Past financial performance good or bad is not ..."
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Stock Options, 2003.
A discussion on accounting for stock options.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses employee stock option programs and FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) accounting requirements The paper includes recent changes that now treat options as expenses. It mentions the use of stock options as a reward for employees and executives.
From the Paper
"For many years stock options provided companies with a key tool used to reward employees and executives. Beginning in the stock options became an increasingly popular way for companies to tie corporate performance ..."
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Classification Systems, 2003.
A discussion on the role of classification systems.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief review of proposals to develop a classification system for the categorization of national accounting systems. The paper uses the United Kingdom and the United States to illustrate the effectiveness of such systems in developing and understanding the accounting regimes in different countries.
From the Paper
"The increasing globalization of economic activity has demonstrated a need for coherence in accounting standards. The efforts to develop such coherence referred to most often ..."
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FAS 143, 2004.
A discussion on FAS 143.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the elements of FAS 143 focusing on assets and liability as they relate to statement of accounting concepts. It offers a comparison to international accounting standards. The paper includes practical examples of companies already implementing FAS 143.
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International Accounting Standards, 2005.
A discussion on adopting international accounting standards.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether or not Quaccess should move to adopt international accounting standards. It considers the role of financial statements and international implications. The author concludes that American firms should wait and see before moving toward adopting international standards.
From the Paper
"Accounting is sometimes referred to as the language of business. Financial statements and accounting pronouncements are used by stakeholders in organizations-shareholders employees creditors ..."
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Nordstrom Annual Report, 2005.
An analysis of the 2004 Annual Report from Nordstrom, Inc.
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 191.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the 2004 annual report from Nordstrom, Inc. It discusses the purposes of financial statements. It mentions the annual report in order to emphasize the good over bad outcome. The author also discusses the company's performance in 2004.
From the Paper
"Nearly all companies produce financial statements including income statements, balance sheets and statements of cash flows. These financial statements help managers understand the company's position and how ..."
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Tax Preparation Software Journal Article, 2005.
Reviews an article about tax preparation software.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The article being reviewed in this paper appeared in Volume XIII (Fall, 1998) of the Journal of Accounting and Computers published by South Western College Publishing. The title was "Accounting Student Acceptance of Tax Preparation Software", and it was authored by Thomas W. Dillon, Michael Garner, Jean-Pierre Kuilboer, and Joseph D. Quinn. It tests to the usefulness of the Technology Assistance Model in identifying which users will have difficulty in mastering new software.
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Accounting Governing Bodies, 2006.
Reviews the roles and effects of several organizations on accounting practices in the U.S.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the roles and effects of (a) the SEC, (b) the IRS, (c) the FASB, (d) the GASB, (e) the AICPA, and (f) the IASB on accounting practices in the United States, with some attention given to residential mortgage service companies.
From the Paper
"This research examines the role of six governmental professional and international organizations that affect the accounting practices of firms operating within the United States ..."
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Risk and Investment, 2006.
An evaluation of the factors impacting risk and return on stock portfolios.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper studies how a hypothetical stock broker managing a diverse stock portfolio would evaluate the risks and return on his clients' various investments. The paper provides a valuation and analysis of individual securities and a valuation of CAPM and APT models to estimate the value of securities; discusses possible problems related to the models; explores diversification and selection of a portfolio of securities; and details the risks and returns of the portfolio.
Development of a Basic Model
Some Problems
Diversification
Portfolio Selection
Risks and Returns
From the Paper
"What does a reliable fund manager have to do today to ensure that his clients will obtain a realistic picture of the risks and returns of investing in his portfolio? The first part of the investment decision process involves the valuation and analysis of individual securities, which is referred to as security analysis. The valuation of securities is a time consuming and a difficult job. First of all, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the various securities ad the factors that affect them. Secondly a valuation model is applied to these securities to estimate their price or value. Value is a function of the expected future returns on a security and the risk attached. Both of these parameters must be estimated and brought together in a model. For bonds, the valuation process is relatively easy, because the returns are known and the risk can be approximated from currently available data. Interest rates are primary factor affecting bond prices, but no one can consistently forecast changes in these rates. The valuation process is much more difficult for common stocks than for bonds because the investor must deal with the overall economy, the industry, and the individual company; both the expected return and the risk of common stocks must be estimated. The secondary major component of decision process is portfolio management. After securities have been evaluated, a portfolio should be selected. Having built a portfolio, the astute investor must consider how and when revising it. If the investor pursues an active strategy, the issue of market efficiency must be considerated; if prices reflect information quickly and fully, investors should consider how this will affect their buy and sell decisions. Even if investors follow a passive strategy, questions to be considered include taxes, transaction costs,and maintenance of the desired risk level, and so on."
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Efficient Market Hypothesis, 2006.
An examination of the critiques on efficient market hypothesis for portfolio management strategies.
3,220 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 22 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
Many studies on the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) and portfolio management suggest that the majority of professional investment managers cannot regularly beat a buy-and-hold strategy on a risk-adjusted basis. This paper attempts to examine the critiques on the efficient market hypothesis and the trend of the investors, financial analysts and portfolio managers to gather information to obtain excess-return. It begins with a brief description of the efficient market hypothesis and an outline of the characteristics associated with it, followed by a brief description of the new critiques against this hypothesis. It also discusses the relevant patterns that predict an excess return adjusted to the risk as well as new strategies applied by the investors.
Outline
Introduction
Efficient Market Hypothesis
Under-Reaction to New Information
Technical Trading Rules
Contrarian Strategy
Seasonality Anomaly
Predictable Patterns Based on Valuation Parameters
Book Value-Market Value Ratio
Initial Dividend Yields
Initial Price-Earnings Multiples
Predictable Patterns Based on Firm Characteristics
Insider Trading Abnormal Profit
Emerging Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"New conditions to beat the efficient market hypothesis has supported the shift away from market performance theories, based purely on mathematical or logical bases, to psychology and economics that offer some predictable patterns. (Mills, Roger p.37)
In fact the investment analysis still play an important role in decision-making concerning the purchase and sale of ordinary shares.(Arnold and Moizer 1984 p.195) The survey conducted by Arnold and Moizer (1984) suggests that the analyst use a common general pattern to appraise the ordinary shares using fundamental analysis like primary analysis technique to indentify shares over/under-valued. The other techniques, like technical analysis and beta anlysis, have a different purpose. The former is to determine the timing of the purchase and the latter is to evaluate the performance of portfolio management.(Arnold and Moizer, p.205)"
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ViroPharma (VPHM), 2005.
A stock market analysis of the pharmaceutical company ViroPharma.
2,575 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the explosion in market gain by ViroPharma is due mostly from the huge success of the prescription antibiotic drug Vancocin, which is used to treat intestinal bacteria. It points out that ViroPharma's is most likely trading at the correct level and probably would be a good buy even at the current price. It discusses how this strength is due to the fact that the price of Vancocin can be raised somewhat considering that the alternative treatments in the brand-name drugs being produced by Pfizer and Elan cost more and because the promise of new product that they are developing for the treatment of other diseases.
From the Paper
"In order to purchase the rights in the U.S. and its territories to manufacture, market, and sell the drug Vancocin from Lilly, ViroPharma had to free up the revenue required. To do this, VPHM used $53.5 million from cash reserves and gross proceeds to the amount of $62.5 million from the issuance of aggregate principal amounts of senior notes and warrants to purchase 5.0 million shares of their own common stock, with stockholder approval. Those senior notes and warrants will be exchanged for $62.5 million aggregate principal amount of 6% Senior Secured Convertible notes due on October 2009. With VPHM having to use multiple means of financing to meet the purchase requirements of acquiring Vancocin, if this drug does not continue to do well even after the Return on Investment has been realized; it is possible that the stock price may not be able to maintain its current trading level."
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Foreign Currency Exchange, 2006.
This paper defines some of the important industries in the foreign exchange market and examines the gold standard.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
International business is important to every business person today. Even if a company does not have international locations, it is necessary to stay afresh of the situation in the foreign currency exchange markets. By keeping abreast of these markets, a business can monitor their competition and perhaps even move internationally someday. This paper examines the various institutions and markets that are in place to help monitor international trade, including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the gold standard.
From the Paper
"The modern financial system is called the "floating currency" system. This have proved to be a more efficient system in most people's eyes, but there are some that think the system should be set back to the gold standard. Since 1976, the United States government no longer sets the gold value of a dollar. The price rises and falls in relation to the demand for the metal. During the time of the gold standard, it was actually illegal for any United States citizen to privately own gold. This was to ensure that there was not any accidental increase in the monetary system, which would cause an inflation (Pagewise 2002)."
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002, 2006.
An analysis of the benefits and hardships on small businesses of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002
3,487 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 158.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the impact of the act on small businesses. As part of this review is an outline of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and an exploration of the importance of Sarbanes-Oxley conformity on the market and economy. It looks at the cost of implementation of internal controls and audit fees, provides a review of fraudulent behavior and a review of prior academic research. It also discusses the impact of Sarbanes-Oxley on small businesses and what, if any, is being done to help the small business community to conform to the new regulations.
Outline
Overview of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX)
Which Companies Need to Comply With Sarbanes-Oxley?
Why is The SOX Act of 2002 Significant?
How Can SOX Help Small Businesses
Information Technology Solutions for SOX Compliance
What is the Impact of SOX on Smaller Businesses?
Is There Any Help for Small Business Compliance?
Are There Significant Findings in Academic Research?
Finally - Fraudulent Behavior
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the main focal points of SOX is to bring back investor confidence by forcing corporate accountability and giving the corporations the mechanisms to do so. Investor confidence is extremely important for the survival of the economy. As investor confidence declines so does the stock market and as a result we will also see a decline in the economy's health. When investors lose confidence in the market, consumers tend to spend less and less on big ticket items such as putting off buying a new car.6 If the economy continues to lose confidence the lack of big ticket purchases and the undervaluing of stock will begin to hurt businesses. "
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Rent Control, 2006.
Examines the economic, social, and political issues of rent control.
1,351 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
The economic quandary of rent control has successfully perpetuated itself in many different American communities for several reasons. Social beliefs and political controls have allowed for renters to retain their protected "right" to cheap rent at the expense of the rights of land owners and others who would hope to prosper from a free competitive housing market in these select cities. This paper details the economic, social, and political elements of rent control in large cities. It outlines both the positive and negative elements involvement, and draws an overall conclusion based on economic policy.
From the Paper
"Opening up premier properties to the market would spark interest and allow property owners to determine supply and demand. Property owners can determine how many properties they would like to rent as well as the amount for which they will rent them. These land owners will most likely choose to rent out as many properties as possible at the highest rate the market will endure. This will allow the above increase in supply that should prevent prices from going too high".
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Blockbuster Inc. vs. Netflix Inc., 2006.
This paper is a comparative analysis of Blockbuster Inc. and Netflix Inc., both movie rental companies, using financial ratios based on their respective income statement information covering the five-year period of 2001 to 2005.
1,085 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper uses four types of financial ratios---leverage ratios, liquidity ratios, efficiency ratios and profitability ratios---to summarize large quantities of financial data from Blockbuster Inc. (BBI) and Netflix Inc. (NFLX) and to compare their performances. The author points out that, because Blockbuster Inc. carries the heavy weight of debt, if Blockbuster loses market share and revenues are spread thinner, they will have a hard time repaying that debt. The paper states that current trends in this industry are in Netflix's favor because more and more people are opting not to drive to their local video store but rather have several selections mailed to them at once; however, both companies are challenged by companies that sell movie downloads. Many tables.
Table of Contents
Leverage Ratios
Total Debt Ratio (Debt to Assets) = Total Liabilities / Total Assets
Liquidity Ratios
Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities
Quick Ratio = Cash + Marketable Securities + Receivables / Current Liabilities
Net Working Capital to Total Assets Ratio
Efficiency Ratios
Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales / Average Total Assets
Profitability Ratios
Net Profit Margin = Net Income / Sales
Operating Profit Margin = Net Income + Interest / Sales
Return on Equity = Net Income / Average Equity
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In liquidity ratios there is a major focus on current assets. Efficiency ratios judge how effectively the company is using them. The asset turnover ratio shows how hard the companies' assets are working for them or against them. [Table: Yearly Asset Turnover Ratio] Blockbuster as expected has a steadily increasing Asset Turnover Ratio as their assets are older and more depreciated. Netflix and their assets are young compared to that of Blockbusters' and is evident in their highly erratic ratios. You can see spurts of growth between each year. Their numbers are greater in response to having less overall total assets than Blockbuster and their thousands of stores possess."
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Formation and Structure of a Limited Liability Company, 2005.
An evaluation of the establishment of a limited liability of a corporation with a partnership-like tax structure.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of all aspects of limited liability companies (LLC). With the exception of corporate entities, the LLC is the only form of legal entity that lets all of its owners off the hook for business debts and other legal liabilities, such as court judgments and legal settlements obtained against the business. This paper studies the legal and tax-structures of LLCs, such as membership, capital contributions and legal precedents and trends regarding LLC tax structure. They paper pays close attention to the similarities and differences between LLCs and partnership arrangements.
Members of LLCs
Legal Challenges of International LLCs
Legal Trends
Capital Contributions
From the Paper
"In some states, professionals such as lawyers, doctors, veterinarians, architects, life insurance agents, and accountants are allowed to set up LLCs. These are designated Professional Limited Liability Companies (PLLCs) and have the same characteristics as regular LLCs. A domestic LLC is one that is formed in the state where the business is conducted. A foreign LLC is one that is formed in a state other than the one where the business is being conducted. A person would choose to form a foreign LLC because another state may have more business laws than the state where the business is being conducted."
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