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The Bank of Montreal, 2001.
The following paper examines the key strengths and weaknesses of The Bank of Montreal with regards to the banking industry.
7,260 words (approx. 29.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 259.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the ability of The Bank of Montreal to foresee and make provisions for risk. It also examines how in limiting its risks, the bank also limits its potential for growth. This essay examines how overall the bank retains a strong leverage position and is a leader in the banking industry.
From the Paper
?The key to successful banking lies in the ability of balance many activities at the same time. They bank must maintain a healthy growth rate, while at the same time analyzing the risks that the institution faces and taking action to minimize those risks. At the same time the institution must maintain enough cash on hand to meet obligations. There are several types of risks, which a banking institution faces. We will look at several factors to determine the fiscal health of the Bank of Montreal. We will look at how the amount of liquidity that they have available to meet any reasonable demands which might have to meet, how they manage to minimize Interest Rate Risk (also known as Market Risk), Credit Risk, how they control cost sin an effort to maximize profits and they manage their capital so that they have sufficient funds to remain solvent.?
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The Royal Bank of Canada, 2002.
The following paper looks at how the Royal Bank of Canada manages to minimize Interest Rate Risk (also known as Market Risk), Credit Risk, and how they manage their capital so that they have sufficient funds to remain solvent.
2,785 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 134.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the key to successful banking which, according to the author, lies in the ability to balance a healthy growth rate, while at the same time analyzing the risks that your institution faces and taking action to minimize those risks.
From the Paper
?Risk comes from the uncertainty of future events. Effective risk management involves the understanding of the risks associated with the various areas of the business and the associated operating environment. Investments are primarily exposed to foreign currency, interest rate volatility and credit risk. The Royal Bank of Canada has set formal policies and procedures that establish an asset mix among equity, fixed income and real estate investments; require diversification of investments within categories; and set limits on the size of exposure to individual investments and counter parties. In addition derivative financial instruments are used, where appropriate, to assist in the management of these risks.?
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The Costs Structures of a Firm, 2001.
This paper takes a look at the economics of running a company.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
An examination of the financial side of running a business. Includes graphs and tables. Topics discussed are short run costs, long run costs, monopoly and oligopoly.
From the Paper
"In economics, the short run is defined as a time period in which a company?s inputs are fixed. The short run costs of a firm are the cost functions that are prevailing in the production of a firm?s goods in the short run. In the short run, the obligations of the firm per time period for all fixed inputs are called ?total fixed costs?. These includes the interest payments on the capital borrowed for the purpose of business, property taxes, leasing expenses etc. on the other hand, the total obligations for variable inputs over a period of time are the ?total variable costs? of the firm. The variable inputs include those inputs that can be very easily changed and on a short notice. The variable costs of a firm usually includes the payments for the purchase of raw materials, labor costs etc. within a certain limit a firm can easily increase or decrease its output by varying the consumption of variable input. This gives rise to the Total Fixed Cost (TFC), Total Variable Cost (TVC) and Total Cost (TC) functions of the firm."
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Development and Structure of the Korean Banking System, 2001.
Looks at the development of Korean banking systems, and compares it banking systems of other countries.
3,105 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 11 sources, AU$ 145.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development and structure of the Korean Banking system, provides a contrast with the banking system in the United States, and then uses this research to discuss the difficulties leading up to and since the Korean monetary crisis.
From the Paper
"Like their counterparts in countries having more advanced economies, Korean banks have gone through a process of deregulation sparking financial innovation and structural chances. Korean banks have become gone from traditional banking to full service financial institutions, offering securities business and a variety of fee-based activities considered outside their interests only a few years ago."
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Chrysler Financial, 2001.
2,705 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the challenges, the current status and the future of Chrysler Financial.
From the Paper
"Chrysler Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on June 6, 1925, as a successor to the Maxwell Motor Car. Walter Chrysler became Chairman of the Board and President. In 1925, the company introduced the Chrysler Four, Series 58 with a top speed of 58 mph. More than one million people visited showrooms in the first four days the corporation displayed the new automotive wonder. By the fall of 1925, more than 3,800 dealers were selling Chrysler cars and, by 1926, the corporation had risen from 57th to fifth place in industry sales. Chrysler expanded into electronics and aerospace activities and enlarged its international operations in the 1980s. In 1984, the company reported its best earnings year ever and reorganized itself into a holding company made up of four operating divisions -- Chrysler Motors, Chrysler Financial, Gulfstream Aerospace and Chrysler Technologies."
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| Essay # 3199 |
temporarily unavailable
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Accounting for Charitable Contributions, 2001.
A look at the financial structure of charity organizations and to what extent these are effective in supporting intended objectives.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the financial structure of charity organizations and at what extent these are effective in supporting intended objectives. The author argues that often charities spend donations not in connection to their stated mission, and in many cases the money goes not where it is most needed.
From the Paper
"Americans are a very generous people, reaching into their pockets again and again to provide their personal and corporate dollars to support what they believe to be worthy causes ? they may not have the time to personally volunteer, but most are willing, at least occasionally, to write a check to support those that do.The U.S. has 1.4 million tax-exempt organizations. It?s probably a safe bet that most are well-intentioned and honest. But a lot of them are simply ?inefficient? ? they spend donations meant to help people in need on staff salaries or direct-mail marketing. Some do not even put donations to use toward their stated mission (Forbes, 1999)."
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Hershey Foods Corporation and Tootsie Roll Industries, 2000.
An analysis of two confectionery companies, Hershey Foods Corporation and Tootsie Roll Industries.
2,520 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two confectionery companies: Hershey Foods Corporation and Tootsie Roll Industries. The confectionery industry is shown to be highly competitive, and the companies worthy of investment will be those that combine the abilities to maximize sales, minimize costs and maximize operating efficiencies. An analysis of their annual reports and financial statements is carried out to find out how profitable and viable they are, as well as how they manage and finance their operations.
From the Paper
"The global confectionery industry, estimated at $100 billion USD, has never been more challenging, or more competitive. The world?s leading confectionary companies struggle for market share in a mature industry characterized by increased numbers of firms competing for the same business, price erosion, and the necessity to produce more to maintain profit margins. To compete effectively, manufacturers are challenged to create new products, maximize efficiencies at the factory and corporate level and increase penetration within existing markets (Candy Industry, 1998). "
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Market Analysis of Wm. Wrigley, Jr. Company, 2000.
An overview of the Wrigley chewing gum company, their marketing and product strategy and how they revitalized the market by catering to evolving consumer tastes.
2,447 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 11 sources, AU$ 119.95
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From the Paper
"Industry experts have characterized Wrigley?s marketing and product strategy in the past as ?conservative?; however, marketing and product changes reflecting an awareness of changing demographics are helping Wrigley maintain their position as market leader and revitalize a mature market. "
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Lawyers and Money Laundering, 2006.
This paper explores the ethical dilemmas inherent in lawyers' rights to defend individuals and the need to protect society.
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the delicate balance between the sanctity of lawyer-client privilege and the need to protect society. The paper begins by defining money laundering and presenting examples of lawyers who have been involved in money laundering. The paper then explains why the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) views lawyers as potential "gatekeepers" of the money laundering process. Next, the paper discusses the sanctity of lawyer-client privileges. A discussion on law enforcement efforts to balance the rights of the individual vs. the protection of society then follows. The paper concludes that this ethical dilemma of the relationship between lawyers' right to defend individuals and organized crime involved in money laundering creates topical discussions with no clear answers.
Outline:
Introduction
Money Laundering Defined
Examples of Lawyers Involved in Money Laundering
FATF Describes Lawyers as "Gatekeepers"
Ethics and the Sanctity of Lawyer Client Privilege
Balancing the Rights of the Individual versus the Protection of Society
From the Paper
"Balancing the protection of society versus defending individual rights is an ethical dilemma that criminal defense lawyers may experience. This is especially enhanced when lawyers represent the interests of organized crime. Money laundering endangers the social economic fabric of society and is linked to serious crimes of violence, drug trafficking and terrorism. Legislation is designed to assist law enforcement with investigating and prosecuting crimes such as money laundering. However, legalities have been overcome by professionals such as accountants, bank managers, insurance agents and lawyers. These professionals viewed as potential "gatekeepers" of the money laundering process can easily become embroiled into facilitating the needs of organized crime, either unwittingly or knowingly."
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The Core-Satellite Model Revisited, 2008.
This paper discusses the core-satellite model, tracking error control, exchange traded funds and satellites possibilities.
4,533 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 190.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer first defines core-satellite management and then discusses the efficency of the core-satellite portfolio model. The writer looks at the increase in exchange traded funds (ETFs) that are mainly used in the core of the portfolio. Furthermore, the writer notes that the list of alternative investments constantly increases, creating new possibilities for satellites. The writer maintains that thanks to the research, some models are improved and some others created that facilitate the use of the core-satellite management, for example, new methods are developed to measure hedge fund return. The paper includes color graphs and charts.
Outline:
Introduction
The Core-Satellite Model
Why the Core-Satellite Management?
The Tracking Error
Other Advantages/Drawbacks
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
Overview of Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
What are ETFs?
What Kinds of ETFs Exist?
What are the Advantages of ETFs Versus Open-Ended Funds?
What are the Ways to Use ETFs?
Hedge Funds
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The goal of the tracking error constraints is to limit the bad tracking error. However, tight tracking error constraints can lead to a suboptimal management of the portfolio.
"First, as most active managers still have dominant passive exposure to their benchmark, a great part of their fees reward a passively managed portfolio.
"Secondly, the active manager cannot use freely their skills. When an actively managed portfolio must follow a benchmark with tight tracking error constraints, it severely restricts the amount invested in active strategy. This means renouncing to opportunities of return enhancement and risk reduction. In case of economic downturn the opportunity cost is even higher because active absolute return strategies usually out-perform the market.
"With the core-satellite, on the contrary, because of the higher tracking error allowed to the satellites, the managers don't have to give up the potential of higher returns generated by selected active management strategies."
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Theory of Aggregate Demand, 2004.
A discussion on the relationship between financial institutions and aggregate demand.
1,009 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper states that the economics theory of aggregate demand suggests AD is the measurement of the ability and willingness of people and firms to buy goods. The concept has been derived from Say's law which states that supply creates demand. The paper comments that this means that when there is enough supply people are motivated to purchase things for consumption; firms are more inclined to invest in more projects as the supply of goods and services are available at a cheaper price. The paper highlights that world components of aggregate demands such as prices, international relationships and political institutions all create interdependency and therefore it becomes difficult to actually segregate how certain components affect the others. The paper determines the relationship between financial institutions and aggregate demand and to what extent the quantity theory of money is relevant. The paper concludes that financial institutions are indirectly linked to AD. The quantity theory of money in turn is a good model for explaining the way AD operates in financial market.
From the Paper
"Having said that it, one can now analyze the relationship of financial institutions and AD. Financial institutions deals in resources rather than goods and services and factors like credit level determined by the government, interest rates, and the monetary policies greatly influence its performance. Furthermore, financial institutions operate on a different platform as it does not apply the empirical model of AD theory."
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Prospective Payments by Medicare, 2004.
A discussion on the rationale of reimbursement systems with respect to prospective payments in the Medicare system.
811 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the prospective payment system developed as a quality comparison tool in order to address the increasing costs generated from the Medicare system. The paper relates that the federal government introduced the prospective payment plan into the Medicare system and that under this system, hospitals are paid a pre-determined rate for each Medicare admission.The paper then discusses the effectiveness of the payment system and highlights the strengths and weaknesses. The paper concludes that the prospective payment system has withstood the test of 22 years and its strengths and weaknesses will continue to be debated but according to government standards, it has been an effective system.
Outline:
Introduction
Effectiveness of Prospective Payment
Strengths
Weaknesses
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Prospective Payment System is a way for spending to be curbed within the private sector (Tieman, 2003). Hospitals and healthcare facilities are given incentive to be efficient and cost-effective (Coulam and Gaumer, 1991). When the Prospective Payment System was implemented, there were strongly held expectations among promoters and skeptics (Coulam and Gaumer, 1991). Promoters of the policy hoped that payment reduction would be matched by lower levels of spending through a reduction in lengths of stay, a reduction in the intensity of care, and therefore, more efficient hospital operations. "
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Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, 2008.
Presents an extensive financial analysis of Pfizer Pharmaceuticals.
3,055 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the history, management and organization of Pfizer Pharmaceuticals and its industry. The author reports that accounting ratios are the key basis for the financial analysis of this company based on data from 2005, 2006 and 2007. Computations are included in the paper. The paper indicates that the drop in profitability and the declining liquidity, which is probably stemming from cash problems, may hinder potential investors from investing in this organization.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: History on Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
Management Level of the Pfizer Incorporation
Profile of Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
Financial Analysis of Pfizer Incorporation
Table: 2005, 2006 and 2007 Accounting Ratios
Liquidity of Pfizer Incorporation
Asset Utilization of Pfizer Incorporation
Profitability of Pfizer Incorporation
Stability and Debt Management of Pfizer Incorporation
Investors Ratios
Computation of Accounting Ratios
Liquidity Ratios
Cash Conversional Cycle
Profitability Ratios
Stability and Debt Management
Investors Ratios
Final Thought - Shareholder Value
From the Paper
"Another important element of the financial position of the company is the cash flow of the company. Indeed the Cash Conversional Cycle was computed in section 1.2 of this paper to outline such area. The ratios express the length of time, in days, which a firm takes to convert the resource inputs into cash flow. A steady decrease in this matrix is noted over the three years examined from 271 days to 183 days. This is a positive element for the liquidity of the organization because management is more effective in translating the revenue transactions into cash."
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2008.
Looks at the internal controls required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
5,856 words (approx. 23.4 pages), 25 sources, APA, AU$ 225.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act enacted in 2002 has changed the way companies do business. Stringent internal controls are now woven into the fabric of daily operations of public companies. Rigorous auditing is performed to ensure compliance with the requirements of the legislation. The paper then notes that the average investor, however, is not a CPA working for a large auditing company and that, for the layman, there are several things to look for in a company before investing capital. This paper discusses this criterion.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Introduction
Code of Conduct
The Control Environment
Remediation
Reporting Infractions
Motivation
Financial Reporting
Information & Communication
Risk Assessment
Monitoring
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Organizational structure should include a risk officer, financial officer, and internal auditor. These positions should all exist within an organization if it is serious about minimizing risk. Organizational policies should not be so loose that it tempts managers into an unethical situation. These policies should not allow management to take unnecessary risk that go unchecked by others and should have required documentation before being allowed to proceed. "Lastly, the company must periodically review its risk assessments process and management should respond if any new risk were identified.""
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Cost Terminology, 2007.
Explores the terminology used to describe various types of costs.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a variety of terms are used to identify costs within the business environment. The author describes each of these terms, including fixed, variable, direct, indirect, sunk, total and overhead, which categorize specific data used to complete a financial analysis. This data can then be used to identify the success and failure of a company.
From the Paper
"Within the business industry, a common example of sunk costs is found in the research and development department. Financial investments are made in this department with the intention of furthering the success of the company. However, if the investment is specifically intended for one particular element, the investment may be a sunk cost. In this situation, the costs cannot be recovered if the investment in the research and development of a specific product is not successful."
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