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Federal Reserve Bank, 2004.
An extensive analysis of the workings of the Federal Reserve Bank.
3,285 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that a properly functioning, effective banking system is necessary for the successful functioning of a capitalist economy. The paper introduces the Federal Reserve Bank, the central bank of the United States, that acts as the banker to the banking community as well as the government, besides issuing the national currency, framing monetary policies and contributing significantly to the supervision and regulation of banks and bank holding companies. The paper examines the banking system as a whole, with a focus on the role played by the Federal Reserve Bank.
Outline
Introduction
Various Reporting Formats Employed by the Banks
Maintenance of Necessary Reserves
Submission of Reports
From the Paper
"Financial services as an industry has progressed to become one of the widely transforming sectors of the global economy, having significant changes in information transference and processing, innovation in terms of commodities and processes, and rapid competition among the financial institutions -- among themselves and also among their several customers. The industry and its part in the transformations in the economy show that the supervising and regulatory structure also needs to be reevaluated periodically. The aim of bank regulation is mostly the same - to attain maximum static and dynamic efficiency levels in the midst of a politically and economically permissible framework which is stable and equal. However the profits are always associated with a cost by means of stability and equity. A more stable and equal financial system usually need sacrifices with regard to efficiency."
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Stock Market Investment Strategy, 2005.
A paper detailing the author's personal investment strategy.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 93.95
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Abstract
In this essay the author describes the details of her investment strategy and explains the reasons for choosing such a strategy. She also describes other investment strategies that might be available and why she did not choose these strategies.
From the Paper
"On the surface it might seem that there are similarities between stock market investing and Las Vegas style gambling. This assumes, however, that the individual can exhibit the same amount of control over both activities. In Las Vegas, the individual has no control over the game. The odds of winning are established and they cannot be altered. This could be equated to dart throwing as an approach to investing. The outcomes are completely based on probabilities. There is little or no skill involved."
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E-Banking, 2004.
An analysis of the risks involved in e-banking.
1,197 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the increasing trend of online banking. The paper contends that there is little doubt that the innovation of e-banking and the growth of technology have combined to increase the risks faced by financial institutions. The paper asserts that these risks need not be seen as detrimental, but rather as an opportunity to establish services of high quality for customers who will provide value for the institution. The paper states that no venture is risk free; the aim should be to reduce risk through effective strategic management.
From the Paper
"The rapid increase of technology from the second half of the 20th century has touched nearly every area of life. Education, entertainment and other leisure activities have all benefited from technological advances, which mainly focuses on Internet and communication technology. Banking is no exception to this paradigm. The Internet has made a variety of banking activities possible from the comfort of one's home or workplace. Transactions can for example include payments, shopping and other account management possibilities. This however has opened up an opportunity for fraudulent practices by for example hackers, which would not before have been possible. This is only one of the risks associated with electronic banking, or e-banking. From the point of view of financial institutions then, e-banking has substantially increased the risks of banking in a variety of ways."
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Budgetary Tools, 2005.
This paper discusses three budgetary tools: The control function, forecasting and performance measurement.
2,420 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the control function plays an important role in both management and accounting because it includes a top-bottom flow, where the upper management or higher authorities oversee a certain process and a bottom-top process, when the feedback and follow-up actions come from the lower levels. The author points out that forecasting is essential in a relevant and well set-up expenditure system because forecasting permits the upper management and the decision factors within the company to establish what the financial requirements will be for the company in the next period of time, which creates the necessary premises for a thoroughly established budget. The paper states that the most relevant informational source within the company, which can influence the decision process in preparing future budgets, is the financial report, which lets the decision bodies know how the company is performing at the respective level from a financial point of view.
Table of Contents
Control Function
Forecasting
Performance Measurement
Preparation for Future Budgets
From the Paper
"The 4000 Direct Expenses account is where expenses that "will stop when you are not working." Labor and materials are two examples that come to mind in this case. However, there is a long list of indirect expenses that are associated with a business and these are recorded in the 5000 Indirect Expenses account. This are supposed to never go away, but it may often be the case that a manager will discover all kinds of expenditures that were made and were recorded here, expenses which do not necessarily increase the added-value of the company."
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The British Museum, 2005.
This paper discusses the financial management of the British Museum especially for long-term projects and displays.
2,640 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the expenses incurred by any museum including the British Museum can be sub-divided into cost categories: Salaries and benefits, occupancy, curatorial and conservation, public programs, marketing and administration. The author stresses that museums must reserve about 5% to 10% of their total budget for direct collection management costs other than salaries; lesser reserves indicate neglect of the museums most important resources, its exhibits. The paper relates that museums house thousands of art and artifact pieces valued at billions of pounds; therefore, insurance on collections, buildings, equipment, liability and loans to other museums around the world is essential. Charts and graph.
From the Paper
"The museum currently gets a grant of about 36 million pounds. This is nearly one third of its total budget. Although the income from the shops on the piazza has doubled, it is not sufficient to ensure that the museum is profitable. The actual operating costs of the Great Court were higher that the initial estimates. At present effective marketing can combat these unique situations that the museum faces. Fundraising is essential. There are two methods that have been identified in effective fundraising for any establishment. The first is a pace setting donation method in which the museum approaches its most valuable donators and petitions for a donation. This is generally done on a personal, one on one level where interaction is critical. The fundraisers then approach other individuals who might be willing to donate to the cause if they feel that they will gain recognition or popularity from that move."
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Banking Technology, 2004.
An analysis of technological advances in the banking world.
792 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper states that technology is noted for increasing the overall efficiency of any business and banking is no exception. The paper focuses on more recent technological advances in banking-- digitization, on-line banking and systems integration for one-to-one marketing. The paper contends that these applications have dramatically altered the overall cost structure of banks and have completely transformed the way they now conduct business.
Outline
Introduction
Digitization
Online Banking
Customer Relationship Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Up until the late 1990s, institutions focused their technology strategies on the front end of the business. Data access in the back office continued to be mired in a myriad of costly manual business processes (Walker, 2005). Increasingly, digitization is being used to facilitate end-to-end process automation. Digitization formalizes, through technology, the business processes, content and associated metadata required for efficient business operations. It leverages a services-oriented architecture to create a more nimble business infrastructure that provides critical linkages, among the customer, the back office and emerging technologies. Gartner Dataquest forecasts double-digit licensing growth over the next four years for digitization tools such as content and document management and collaboration software because financial institutions are beginning to recognize the need to bring better cost control standardization, consistency and measurement to their business processes."
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Accounting Scandals, 2005.
A look at recent accounting scandals and their consequences to employees, investors, shareholder and ordinary consumers.
907 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly describes the Citibank and Enron accounting scandals, the cost of and damages caused by the scandals and the current status of the companies involved.
From the Paper
"$2.65 billion. That is the amount the investment Citigroup agreed, less than a year ago, to pay to investors who had bought stock and bonds in the telecommunications giant WorldCom before its bankruptcy filing two years ago. If the adage that 'crime does not pay' is not always true, it is certainly valid when estimating the tremendous cost the WorldCom and Enron investing and accounting scandals have cost employees, investors, shareholder, and ordinary consumers. (Morgenstern, 2004)"
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Professional Athletics, 2004.
An analysis of the career of professional athletes, with a focus on necessary financial and retirement planning.
3,226 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 141.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the current situation in relation to the job duration of today's professional athlete. The paper examines the amount that is optimal for the savings plan of the professional athlete who intends to ensure a retirement that is at least financially stable, if not productive or in the best case, lucrative. The paper includes charts and tables of salaries, amounts needed to save and amounts currently saved if available. Further the paper explores whether today's professional athlete is receiving proper advisement in the area of financial matters by mentors in the athletics field.
Outline
Objective
Methodology
Introduction
Literature Review
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper
"The International Foundation for Retirement Education or InFRE believes that one of the "foremost responsibilities are to promote the need for education and or advice from well-qualified retirement professionals." Further the Foundation (InFRE) believes that there is more to counseling individuals competently in terms of their retirement that assisting them in being able to communicate about investments, asset allocation, securities laws and the such. The InFRE organization has been in the process of working with elected officials in the initiative to offer education in the subject. The work entitled "Managed Accounts Model Makes 401(K) Advice Affordable, Easy and Unbiased" states that the "primary focus of the financial services industry" has been in signing individuals up but after that point had "largely left them to their own devices." (Henkel, 2002) The Foundation (InFRE) states that it is not the industry's fault entirely but also the employees who have access to advice concerning their retirement and don't utilize it. The question at hand is whether or not professional athletes receive proper advice or any advice as to their planning of finances for the future in terms of their retirement."
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Asset-Liability Management, 2005.
A description of the purpose and function of the business system known as asset management.
887 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper describes asset management as the business system that enables a company to collect, maintain and manage a complete list of all the components possessed by the company. The paper then goes on to explain the concept and main objective of asset management. The paper also reviews another paper written on the related topic of estimating the costs of capital, explaining that, in the paper, the authors strived to find out the appropriate method for estimation of cost of capital with respect to insurance firms and that they proved their method (the full-information beta approach) to be an appropriate and dependable one.
From the Paper
"The difficulties in the estimation of the divisional cost of the capital are indicated to be the conglomerate firm itself instead of the division traded in the capital market. Universally, the pure play technique is applied to attain the desired results but specifically at the circumstances when a relatively large number of pure play firms of various sizes are found where it does not entail a satisfactory solution to the divisional cost of capital problem. Therefore, the paper applies a comparatively, new methodology, the full formation industry beta approach that resolves the principal problems of the pure play methodology. The paper mainly concentrates on demonstration of the full-information beta approach to cost of capital estimation applying a sample embracing all firms-insurance and non-insurance listed in the Compustat data base that caters to the selection criteria for the sample period 1997-2000."
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On-Line Banking, 2004.
An analysis of the growing phenomenon of on-line banking.
1,477 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses on-line banking--the ability to conduct banking transactions on the internet. The paper claims this is revolutionizing the way that consumers bank. The paper explains that behind this transformation is information technology. With its use, banks have been able to scale and secure transactions, provide the same and often more functionality than brick-and-mortar banks and evolve from mass marketing to one-to-one marketing. The paper examines issues of security and fraud in on-line banking.
Outline
Introduction
Consumer Readiness
Hardware Infrastructure
Security and Fraud
Software Functionality
Customer Relationship Management
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The popularity of online banking is soaring with more than fifty million adults banking online in the United States as of November, 2004, an increase of forty-seven percent during the past two years (Sullivan, 2005). It is the fastest-growing Internet activity. Home broadband connections are credited with driving consumer adoption. Those with broadband access are about twice as likely to have tried online banking as users with dial-up connections because broadband encourages users to do more activities online. Demographic characteristics of those more likely to have broadband access include consumers between the ages of twenty eight and thirty nine, and more affluent households, reflecting a group inclined to be early adopters of information technology."
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Revenue and Expenses, 2004.
An analysis of recognizing revenue and expenses in a legal service business.
2,418 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the different issues concerning the revenue and expense recognition, as identified by the Financial Accounting Standards Board in several documents over the past couple of years. The paper provides the theoretical base on which a discussion is developed around the type of revenue and expense, as related to a company's specific area of expertise. The paper explains and summarizes the findings for the company's president, with a series of conclusions thereafter.
Outline
Introduction
Revenue and Expense Recognition
Report to the Company's President
Conclusion
From the Paper
"GAAP is a set of specific common guidelines, provided by the institutions such as the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Securities and Exchange Commission, about "acceptable accounting practices" . These acceptable practices should not necessarily be regarded as a set of ground rules. In fact, it is a common denominator, useful when foreign firms, especially auditing companies, proceed to financial verifications. The GAAP provide for an easier task from the auditing companies and anybody else who interprets the financial statements."
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The Role of the Modern Day Market Analyst, 2005.
Provides insights into the role of a typical business or market analyst in regard to the world of corporate finance and both public and private investments.
8,021 words (approx. 32.1 pages), 23 sources, APA, AU$ 261.95
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Abstract
This report aims to present some ideas that are associated with the role of the modern day market analyst and the influences they wield on corporations, shareholders and stakeholders. The report attempts to examine the specific roles of business and market analysts and presents views on some of the various connections between the analysts's assigned tasks. The report makes use of various approaches to accomplish this goal. One approach is to provide information about reports and equity valuation models and multiples and how they are used to provide insights into an analysis of a business or industry's value or valuation. The report also utilizes market and analyst specific history to demonstrate some influences analysts have had and will continue to have on corporations, shareholders and stakeholders. Another approach is to provide some market history and other associated insights into specific business sectors such as the technology, beverage, electronic and the pharmaceutical sector. These insights are used as specific tools to demonstrate the many manipulative persuasions market analysts can have and the various business results and comparisons they use to influence market direction and investor buying and selling habits.
Introduction
Role of an Analyst
Asset Bubbles
Efficient Market
Historical Change For The Analyst
Economic Indicators
Economic Value Added
Cash Value Added
Cash Flow Return on Investment
Industry Data
Results and comparisons
Use of the Analysts information
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To understand the historical role of analysts, consider the phenomena called Speculative or Asset Bubbles. Bubbles are an investing event that can be compared to a pride of lions all wanting a piece of a new antelope kill even if there is not enough to be shared. As is very often the case, investors get caught off guard as analysts inherently create bubbles that suddenly burst. These historical events clearly demonstrate the devastating effects analysts can have on the investment community even though they are simply doing their jobs by taking advantage of consumers' greed and or other flaws in the human makeup. "A bubble occurs when investors put so much demand on a stock that they drive the price beyond any accurate or rational reflection of its actual worth, which should be determined by the performance of the underlying company." "
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Islamic Banking, 2004.
A comprehensive analysis of whether entry into the Islamic banking market is a viable option for western financial institutions.
19,525 words (approx. 78.1 pages), 73 sources, MLA, AU$ 378.95
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Abstract
This paper considers whether the move to the Islamic banking market is viable for financial institutions. Included is an examination of the differences between Islamic banking rules and western rules, the potential size of the market, examples of successful Islamic financial institutions and the factors that contribute to the success of these institutions. Success factors including corporate culture, marketing considerations as well as financial issues are also explored to determine whether this market is a viable one for western financial institutions.
Table of Contents
Chapter One
Introduction
Background
Statement of the Problem
Definition of Terms
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Research Questions
Overview of the Study
Chapter Two
Review of Related Literature
Western Banking Systems
The Sharia and Financial Transactions
Islamic Financial Institutions
Analysis of the Islamic Financial Market
Western Financial Institutions in the Islamic Sector
External Considerations
Chapter Three
Methodology
Research Design and Approach
Population and Sample
Calculation and Tabulation of Data
Data Analysis Procedures
Reliability and Validity of the Data
Chapter Four
Analysis of the Data
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
Works Cited
From the Paper
"This way of using the language significantly distinguishes savings and loan associations from the activities that are undertaken by the commercial banks (Lawai, 1994; Bakar, 1999; Gambling, 1978). Credit unions also have various features that distinguish them in many ways from the more standard banks and from the savings and loan associations as well (Davidson, 1998). Concerning credit unions, it has been said that "like the savings associations, credit unions have traditionally been limited by statute to involvement in noncommercial deposit and consumer lending activities. However, while the savings associations have tended to expand their activities to the point where they may rival commercial banks in the offering of certain types of products and services in certain geographic markets, credit unions have to a greater extent maintained their original role. They specialize in providing more modest financial services to member/customers delineated in relatively narrow terms" (Maududi, 1975)."
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Portfolio Risk Management, 2005.
A discussion of portfolio risk management techniques used by risk managers.
1,322 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes portfolio risk management techniques such as performance analysis, value-at-risk models, stress testing, Monte Carlo simulation and heuristic controls. Included in the discussion of each technique is a look at their strength and weaknesses.
Table of Contents
Performance Analysis
Value-at-Risk (VaR) Model
Stress Testing
Monte Carlo Simulation
Heuristic Controls
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In today's competitive banking environment, an important challenge is to ensure adequate diversification of revenue sources across products, market segments and market and credit risks (Sturzinger). Banks must assess their risk appetite and risk capacity as basic components of the budgeting and planning processes and identify their vulnerabilities through risk management techniques."
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E-Banking Operations, 2004.
An analysis of the emergence of e-banking operations.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that in terms of speed, availability, operational ease or time saving, e-banking has become one of the most revelatory experiences in the way information technology was applied. It investigates the separate benefits and advantages that e-banking provides, both for the customers and for the banks where the services are available.
From the Paper
"Any enumeration of the advantages and benefits of e-banking should perhaps first start with a definition of the concept, which will highlight some of the essential profiles of e-banking. As such, e-banking refers to "a service (...) that allows you to conduct banking transactions over the Internet, using a personal computer, mobile telephone pr handheld computer, such as a personal digital assistant". These transactions generally range from simple bill payments, to B2B transactions and to money transfers between accounts."
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Employee Stock Options, 2005.
A look at accounting treatment of employee stock options, the benefits and disadvantages of stock options and present legislation of employee stock options.
13,680 words (approx. 54.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, AU$ 378.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the practice of issuing employee stock options as a benefit. The paper goes into detail about how a stock is exercised and what kind of tax benefits result. The paper also details past practices of accounting employee stock options and how these practices have worked. Also included in the paper, is information on present legislation and how that works or doesn't work to better the situation. Furthermore, the paper discusses the controversy brewing over such changes being made and explores the different viewpoints on the matter.
Introduction
Definition
Methods and Models
Controversy of Stock Options
Baseline: Americans with Stock Options
Recent Legislation
Economic Impact
High Tech Industry
The Cisco Company
Why Employees with Stock Options Should Worry About Valuation
From the Paper
"Within the last ten years a demand for changing how Employee Stock Options (also referred to as ESOs) are accounted for within an organization's financial sheets has been underway. Such a proposal for change has received much commentary from not only the financial community and corporate America but also key members of Congress, union leaders and the public. Such a response results from the uncertainty that such change will benefit businesses and economic growth in this country. It is feared that such change will have the opposite effect and cause America to lose its competitive edge in the global market. Still this has not stopped the fuel of the fire as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (also referred to as FASB) has struggled for an answer to such a dilemma."
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