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Business Plan for Imagined Product, 2006.
A paper outlining a business plan for VIVID, a skin care product imagined by the writer.
1,778 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the business prospects for the product VIVID, an anti-wrinkle cream containing Retinol. The paper explores the marketing edge of this product over existing products in the market, citing both the timing of the product and the lower cost of VIVID. The author describes the marketing techniques and the business plan for the product.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Marketing
Financial Management
Operations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As compared to creams which sell for $90 or higher per ounce, it is the guarantee of VIVID that wrinkle lines will vanish when used over a 30 day period. The majority of women see immediate results. VIVID has been receiving a lot of enquiries every week enquiring the causes regarding selling the product for 10% of the price charged by Estee Lauder for a comparable Retinol cream. We provide our answer that we have tested our Retinol against theirs and our cream wins by a large margin. However, we lack the marketing savvy of Estee Lauder which is beneficial to our clients. Majority of the large cosmetic companies give greatly publicized anti-aging wrinkle cream. What they are unsuccessful in disclosing that these products speed up the aging process of the skin and increase the risk of skin cancer. Clinical studies in the US and Europe demonstrate the effects of these skins to be short-term based and cause damage in the short-term and an important factor of aging of skin in the long term. (Retinol Wrinkle Treatment, 2 OZ)"
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Internationalization of Branding, 2006.
An in-depth paper on how retail clothing companies are working to internationalize their brand names.
17,074 words (approx. 68.3 pages), 46 sources, APA, AU$ 375.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses at length the challenges faced by the retail fashion industry. After a thorough overview of current issues, the paper launches into a case study of Perry Ellis, Inc., a major fashion retailer, which owns thirteen brands, including Perry Ellis, Penguin Sport and Southpoint. Perry Ellis, Inc. also licenses an additional five brands, including Nike and Tommy Hilfiger. The author explains how Perry Ellis has leveraged the brand-name familiarity to become a lucrative company. The paper also provides a case study of the Levi Strauss company, and shows its distinct branding style.
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, issues surrounding branding in the retail industry have emerged as a significant concern for retailers, consumers, and the fashion industry alike. Organizations are using branding as a strategy tool in today's business environment with increasing regularity. Although brands and branding are not new ideas, retailers are applying them to more diverse settings where the role of branding is becoming increasingly important (Wentz & Suchard, 1993). The traditional role for brands has recently reemerged as a topic of interest, as retailers are increasingly turning toward the internationalization of brands to survive in the highly competitive industry. With the growing realization that brands are one of a retailer's most valuable intangible assets, branding has emerged as a top management priority in the last decade. As a result of its highly competitive nature, branding carries a significant effect in the retailing industry as one of the main drivers influencing customer perceptions, store choice and loyalty. Thus, as an attempt to offer more to the consumer than just low prices, retailers are developing marketing strategies that build store equity and differentiate their brand."
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Accounting Scandals, 2006.
Examines the Enron and WorldCom accounting affairs which led many to question the meaning of business ethics.
2,983 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the events leading up to the Enron and WorldCom accounting scandals. It examines the course of these two affairs and the subsequent results. The paper discusses the Sarbanes-Oxley Act which is considered the most significant change to federal security laws in the United States since the New Deal.
From the Paper
"On August 27, 2003, the State of Oklahoma filed a 15-count indictment against Ebbers. The indictment charged that he violated the state's securities laws by defrauding investors on multiple occasions between January 2001 and March 2002. These charges were dropped, with the right to refile retained, on November 20, 2003. An agreement to extend the statute of limitations on these charges, allowing Oklahoma prosecutors time to see the results of federal sentencing, was signed on March 30, 2005. Federal authorities indicted Ebbers with security fraud and conspiracy charges on March 2, 2004. An amendment to the indictment on May 25, 2004 increased the list of charges to nine felonies: one count each of conspiracy and securities fraud, and seven counts of filing false statements with securities regulators."
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Privacy and Automated Banking, 2006.
A paper on internet privacy and automated online banking.
3,741 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 156.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the privacy issues inherent in online banking, as well as practices in live banking. The paper describes the problems of online privacy and explains how certain practices, such as fingerprinting, have cut both bank fraud and more serious crimes. The author contends that because there are inherent risks to customer privacy, it is essential that there be a single standard for bank security and reporting to federal agencies.
From the Paper
"So indeed, why should bankers be turned into federal snoops? The proposal is supposed to attack money-laundering techniques employed by drug traffickers and other criminals who hide illegal profits. Such methods include wire transfers, bank drafts and "smurfing," the practice of cutting transactions into lesser amounts that don't have to be reported as suspicious under the $10,000 bank-reporting laws established under President Reagan. (Maier, 1999)"
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Activity-Based Costing, 2006.
An overview of the theory and practice behind activity-based costing.
2,583 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 118.95
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Abstract
Cost accounting is the process of tracking, recording and analyzing costs associated with the activity of an organization, where cost is defined as required time or resources. Activity-based costing (ABC) is a method of allocating costs to products and services. This paper examines how the major objective of the ABC process is to objectively determine a better way of doing business. It provides examples of cost analysis and concludes that the analysis of these costs and models serves to provide the basis from which decisions can be made and evaluated.
From the Paper
"Costs can be categorized in three ways. Direct costs are those that can be traced directly to one output. For example, the material costs (varnish, wood, paint) to build a chair. Indirect costs are those that cannot be allocated to an individual output; in other words, they benefit two or more outputs, but not all outputs. An example would be maintenance costs for the saws that cut the wood, storage costs, other construction materials, and quality assurance. General & Administrative-costs cannot reasonably be associated with any particular product or service produced (overhead). These costs would remain the same no matter what output the activity produced. An example would be salaries of personnel in purchasing department, depreciation on equipment, and plant security."
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'Lessinger' and 'Seggerman Farms', 2006.
Compares two corporate taxation cases and the resulting legislation.
2,355 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two corporate taxation cases to draw similarities and differences and analyze the resulting rules of law. First, 'Seggerman Farms' is closely examined for its impact, and then, reversing the process of time, an earlier case that it relied on - 'Lessinger '- is examined next. This paper demonstrates which case is more supportable and will endure into the future of taxation.
From the Paper
"Liability assumptions can also result in gain recognition or other tax consequences when property is transferred to or from a corporate entity or partnership. For instance, when a taxpayer transfers property to a controlled corporation in exchange for stock, the taxpayer is required to recognize gain under section 357(c) if the corporation "assumes" liabilities of the taxpayer in excess of the tax basis of the transferred property."
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Ethics in Accounting, 2005.
This paper discusses the importance of ethical behavior in the profession of accounting.
985 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the "Ten Universal Ethical Values" are--honesty, integrity, living up to promises, loyalty, equality, caring, admiration for other people, dutiful citizenship, quest for quality and answerability. The author points out that a profession is built on the foundation of a widely acknowledged body of knowledge, a popularly accepted standard of achievement and an enforceable code of ethics, which is most vital component in setting up of a profession. The paper stresses that the primary cause for holding ethical guidelines is not to give a panacea to all vocation-associated difficulties but to assist in the decision making process for circumstances, which entail ethical issues such as taxes.
From the Paper
"Definite duties of the accounting profession are put forth in the different code of ethics circulated by important establishments like the AICPA. The AICPA's foremost rule of professional conduct declares: In discharging their duties as professionals, associates must implement responsive professional and moral views in all their works. The failure of auditor sovereignty infringing Rule 101 of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct was the topic of a research project using 2,000 arbitrarily chosen AICPA members in public accounting profession as a staff auditor, senior, or manager."
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Derivatives, 2006.
This paper analyzes the various methods in which derivatives are used in the areas of business and finance.
2,449 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 112.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper defines a derivative as a contract that specifies the rights and obligations between the issuer of the security and the holder, to receive or deliver future cash flows based on some future event. This paper examines the various uses for derivatives which are standardized much the same as stock futures and traded through a securities exchange or futures exchange. This paper discusses the use of derivative securities as a tool to transfer risk. For example, a business can sell futures contracts on a product to a buyer, even before that particular item hits the shelf. The writer cites the various types of derivative options, such as the swap and the forward contract, which is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell a particular asset. A swap is an agreement in which, generally two, parties agree to exchange future cash flows, arising from financial instruments. This paper details how forward contracts are implemented in the corporate business world, as was the case with Lufthansa, who contracted with Boeing to purchase aircraft in the mid-1980s. This paper delves into the process known as financial engineering, which combines options and other derivatives while at the same time controlling the risk in a given transaction. This paper also discusses how derivatives are used as an option in tax planning.
From the Paper
"A common use of options for tax planing involves the deferrment of a gain from one period to another, thereby delaying the payment of taxes. For example, one company may have an investment in another company's stock that has appreciated. Company A would like to lock in the gain on Company B's stock, but does not wish to recognize the gain in the current year. It can accomplish this by using put options. This strategy would involve buying put options at the current stock price, expiring in the next fiscal year. If the stock price declines, the value of the option would increase, locking in the profit. Another strategy would be to sell a call option at the current market price. This would also lock in the gain, as any decrease in the price of the stock would be offset the increased value of the option. These strategies can also be used to reduce the risk of a drop in the stock price without regard to tax issues."
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Offshore Financial Centers, 2006.
An explanation of the function and future of offshore financial centers.
3,500 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper studies offshore financial centers, or OFCs, which are any financial institutions that conduct offshore transactions. The paper provides a technical definition of OFCs, and then discusses their historical use and relevance. Next the paper discusses the location of OFCs -- and answers why places such as Switzerland and the Cayman Islands host these institutions. The paper then examines the role of OFCs, focusing on their legal protection from investors' local tax burdens. The paper concludes with an assessment of the future of OFCs, citing the effects of international tax reform and other financial guidelines that may impact the perceived utility of OFCs.
Outline:
Definition
History
Where are they?
The Role
Future:
From the Paper
"Offshore Financial Centers or OFCs are areas that choose reduced taxes or lenient financial controlling administration as a shield in case of overseas investors. (The future for offshore financial centers (OFCs)) IMF defines OFC as an area that fulfills the norms as stated below: it is a location marked by a large number of financial institutions, a majority of the business dealings are started in foreign shores, nearly all institutions are managed by non-residents, possesses assets and liabilities disproportionate to the internal economy; and has low or zero taxation, restrained or lax financial guidelines and privacy of banking business. The last norm is related to what is usually known as "tax haven". Nevertheless, whereas the description contains "tax havens" as well, it is not restricted to this category of country. (Canadian Direct Investment in 'Offshore Financial Centers) Offshore finance is, in its general meaning, the provision of financial services by banks and other representatives to non-residents. These services comprise of borrowing and lending of funds to non-residents. This can be in the shape of lending to companies and other financial institutions, financed by liabilities to the offices of the bank who is lending elsewhere, or to market participants. It can even take the shape of accepting deposits from individuals, and investing the profits in other financial markets. (Offshore Financial Centers: IMF Background Paper)"
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Accounting Ratios, 2006.
This paper defines the term accounting ratios and details why they are a significant tool applied by accountants when presenting accounting statements.
1,841 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 89.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper examines the importance of accounting ratios in business. Accounting ratios illustrate the present as well as the prospective, so that shareholders can visualize how much gain a business attained, the total worth of the assets and the level of cash reserves available. This well-researched paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of accounting ratios. One significant drawback of the accounting ratio is that it depends too heavily on the conventional costs that lead to twists in quantifying performance. Ratios are required to be represented meticulously. They can entail the evidences to the performance of the company or financial environment. However, they are unable to demonstrate whether the performance is good or bad out their own. The writer details the manner in which the final figures of accounting ratios are achieved, while discussing the fact that these ratios necessitate some quantitative information for an informed analysis to be made. The writer contends and clearly explains why accounting ratios are completely dependent on the supplied data which may or may not be accurate.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"A markedly low accounts ratio may give rise to angry suppliers and remarkably high inventory turnover ratios may lead to supply shortages and angry customers. The one that is correct for one company may not be considered appropriate for another one. Besides, no two companies are found to be similar irrespective of the fact that they are competitors in the same industry or market. Application of ratios to evaluate one company with another provides misleading information. Businesses may be within the same industry but have distinguished financial and business risk. Ratios are completely dependent on the data that may or may not be accurate."
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The Financial Planner, 2006.
This paper examines the role of a financial planner and discusses why it was voted the number three job in America.
978 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper contends that the career of a financial planner, while very rewarding, is not without its challenges. This paper details the responsibilities and requirements needed to become a financial planner. This paper distinguishes between the position of financial planner and that of the certified financial planner, which is actually a designation obtained by a financial planner. There are currently no educational or experience prerequisites to become a financial planner, other than the requirement in most firms that the applicant pass several licensing examinations, which are detailed in this paper. This paper discusses the areas in which a financial planner typically operates in, including: Investment planning, estate planning, retirement planning and business succession planning. While describing the ins and outs in the financial planning field, the writer contends that this career is primarily a sales position. The writer also delves into the pay-scale of this particular profession, which varies by firm and level of experience. Those with more experience and with an inventory of clients can demand up to six-figure salaries.
From the Paper
"Another group of firms includes brokerage firms, also called wire houses, that may offer some or all of these services, but their primary aim is investment management. These companies include Merrill Lynch, Saloman Smith Barney, Goldman Sachs. They may call their personnel Financial Planners, but they tend to be focused on gathering money from clients to invest through the firm. Some of these firms may offer some of the specialized planning services for their high-dollar clients. The most important thing for someone who is considering this profession is that it is primarily a sales position, particularly in the beginning of the planner's career."
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The Xerox Debacle, 2006.
An overview of the corporate fraud scam involving Xerox Corp.
2,290 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
From 1997 to 2000, Xerox used a host of concealed accounting practices to meet or outstrip Wall Street expectations and conceal its true operating performance from investors. This paper examines the history of the Xerox debacle and the outcome, including new lessons learned regarding company management and the role of the SEC.
From the Paper
"Xerox dismissed KPMG and retained Pricewaterhouse Coopers to conduct their accounting procedures. Although the SEC allegations contain various accounting practices, the most concrete involve two. One is the recollection of revenue from multiyear leases on office equipment. Xerox crudely recorded revenue that was not yet received in order to extend and deform operating results. The second practice was setting aside 'cookie jar' reserves to harbor restructuring costs, and then incorrectly adding them back later to earnings."
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Financial Statements for Insurance Companies, 2006.
A look at Financial Accounting Standard 115, adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and the problems it will create.
2,248 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the increased difficulties in understanding the financial statements of insurance companies that will occur as a result of Financial Accounting Standard 115 (FAS 115) adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The paper explains that FAS 115 will create wide variations between companies in the carrying values used for debt securities which will necessitate even more analysis to determine a company's financial condition as well as make it impossible to compare companies' financial positions without restating each company's debt-security portfolio values to a common basis.
From the Paper
"Higher equity levels created by having debt securities carried at market will be misleading to financial statement users. Hardly anyone believes that a company can fully retain the security gains that currently exist in their portfolios. To do so would require curtailing crediting rates to those available based on current rates on new money. Competitive pressures won't allow companies to do this and retain their policyholder funds. To reflect such gains as equity of the company in the financials is just plain misleading."
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International Financial Reporting, 2005.
This paper explains that many factors, such as history, politics, differential currency types, ease of conversion and regulations of various international banking institutions, prevent full harmonization of international financial reporting.
3,445 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 147.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the history of the inter-relationship of political and economic changes that effect today's problem of harmonization of currency and reporting such as (1) competing economic policy objectives similar to today's problems with oil, (2) the Janus-faced nature of international capital flows and (3) the changing center of influence of the international system from the United Kingdom and toward the United States. The author points out that the new ISO engineering standards represent a model for standardizing accounting and reporting processes not only by solving the problems of harmonizing the accounting and reporting process but also by offering an open-ended approach, easily adaptable to even the smallest of enterprises. The paper stresses that this need for global standardization means that the mundane "bean-counters" of the past must be replace by today's global accountants trained in several disciplines.
Table of Contents
Thesis Statement
The Powerful Influence of History
The Gold Standard
The Rise and Dilemmas of Bimetallism
The Development of the International Monetary Systems between WWI and WW II
The Bretton Woods System and its Problems
The Harmonization of the British Pound, U.S. Dollar and the European Common Currency
The Future Outlook from an ISO Point of View
From the Paper
"Between the wars, the United States overtook Britain as the leading player in the commercial and the financial domains. However, America's foreign financial and commercial relations did not yet fit together in a way that produced a harmoniously working international system. Moreover, with even today's technological edge America is finding the attainment of harmonization a difficult task at best. Great Britain likewise struggles with several issues in this area. Hence, when postwar planners again contemplated the reconstruction of the international system, they sought a framework capable of accommodating these changed conditions. The solutions to the problems are not at all straightforward and thus the pronounced lack of harmonization of accounting and reporting."
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Defining Artificial Intelligence, 2006.
This paper examines the modern day debate that questions whether artificial intelligence (AI) is a reality or merely an extension of expert systems (ES) application programs.
1,810 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 88.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper defines the terms for both artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems (ES) which to a limited degree is currently making its way towards the fields of accounting and auditing. This paper explores the lingering doubt and disagreement over whether AI truly exists or if it's merely a highly sophisticated ES application. This paper contends that AI's history is traceable backward through the millennia to the point where humankind first walked upright and attempted to make tools an extension of themselves.
Topics covered in this report include:
Thesis Statement
Defining the Topic
The Artificial Intelligence Side
Prehistory
The Modern Birth of AI:
Enter the Pseudo Science of Psychology
The Chinese Room
Can Computers Be Creative?
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The technological advances and particularly their rapidity in the just past half century - and particularly the last decade - began as an effort to build a digital computer for military use. This use was, to not only help in the guidance of munitions but also to help decode secret messages coded by several clever schemes all created within the minds of men and women. The Nazi Germany's Enigma Machine is the classic example and indeed the code was broken, however by intelligent personnel rather than a machine, digital or otherwise. Ironically, the Japanese military codes were broken early on in the war by the U. S. Navy Code-breakers located in Pearl Harbor."
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IRS Up for Improvement, 2006.
Discusses the problems revealed with the IRS, after an audit by the General Accounting Office, and what management can do to address those problems.
5,615 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 33 sources, MLA, AU$ 205.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses an audit performed on the IRS by the General Accounting Office and the problematic issues discovered by that audit. The paper points out that some of the issues include information security problems that include the potential for damage to both the government and taxpayers as well. The paper also breaks down the issues individually in order to determine which issues can be resolved by managerial changes.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Situation
The Issues
Governmental Proposed Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"He noted that historically, IRS reports has had significantly overstated its receivables primarily because IRS included duplicate and insufficiently supported assessments that it had recorded as part of efforts to identify and collect taxes due. Bowsher explained that while IRS may have a need to maintain such records for enforcement purposes these and many erroneous assessments were not valid receivables for financial reporting purposes and should not have been included in the reported balances. He also noted that in addition IRS' estimates of the collectibility of its receivables have been unreliable because, in addition to including invalid receivables, IRS relied solely on collection experience and did not group assessments according to their collection risk or consider the taxpayer's current ability to pay. Bowsher concluded that this unreliable information on IRS' accounts receivable has affected decisions about the impact of increased collections on the deficit, evaluation of enforcement and collection performance, determination of staffing levels, and allocation of resources."
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