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Soil Analysis, 2006.
This paper provides an analysis of soil and studies soil samples.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 32.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer points out that soil bacteria control the course of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus through ecosystems. Soil samples were taken from established sites, which have undergone existing long-term manipulations of temperature, nutrient and light availability. The writer discusses that the soil samples were found to contain bacteria through testing and are being studied to determine whether treatments known to affect plant communities also affect soil microbial biomass, activity, gene expression, and community composition as measured by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms.
From the Paper
"Soil is an intricate and active biological system, and at times it is difficult to determine the composition of microbial communities in soil. Yet, the study requires a wide variety of methods, which includes methods of extracting DNA from soil suitable for PCR amplification to monitor GM rhizobia and extracting mRNA directly from soil to use in gene expression studies. Hydrocarbons seem to be a contaminated factor when isolating the soil samples in determining bacteria characterization. "Bacteria were isolated from contaminated soil with the media indicating several homolog similarities (researched the possibility of several bacteria names through DP database as determined by the program SIMILARITY_RANK (10)"."
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The Analysis of Glass Fragments, 2005.
This text describes the glass analysis relevant in forensic science. The classical approach of glass analysis (measurement of refractive index) proved.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
This text describes the glass analysis relevant to forensic science. The paper examines how the classical approach of glass analysis (measurement of refractive index) proved to be unreliable method for a glass sample manufactured after 1980. The most recent approach uses chemical analysis to determine trace and ultra trace elements in glass. The paper analyzes two modern methods of chemical analysis.
From the Paper
"Glass fragments belong to the group of trace evidence, i.e. very small amounts of material that can link an item on which it was found with an otherwise unconnected source of it elsewhere. The traces of glass are frequently encountered on the crime scene. If the glass breakage occurred, the glass fragments are likely to be found on the objects or persons present at the scene. They can often be easily spotted because they are shiny particles (of course in the case of coloured glass the recognition is easier). Additionally they have irregular shapes hence they tend to remain attached to the material longer than the trace evidence with smooth surfaces."
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Air Canada, 2005.
A discussion on the deregulation of the airline industry in Canada.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper answers three questions. The first question deals with deregulation and its effects on Air Canada The second question looks at the history of the industry and the future. The last question looks at interest groups.
From the Paper
"Regulation is defined as, "an order issued by an executive authority of a government and having the force of law" (Anonymous 1999: 441). Deregulation is simply the process of removing regulations within an industry. Both regulation and deregulation have been and continue to be very important in Canadian industries. Traditionally the Canadian government has favoured regulating certain industries in order to protect them from competition from more competitive foreign competitors. This is the entire idea behind a Crown Corporation. "
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Browning and Mei Liqueur, 2005.
A look at a study on the mechanism of browning in mei liqueur.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 162.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on a study that was conducted regarding the browning agents in mei liquor. It looks at how the study was the first in the research regarding fruit related liquors and was begun to determine the cause of discoloration in mei liquor after shelf life.
From the Paper
"Shih-Chuan Liu, Hung-Min Chang, and James Swi-Bea Wu completed their research article, "A Study of the Mechanism of Browning in Mei Liqueur Using Model Solutions" for National Taiwan University in December 2002. The study focuses on the components of the browning agents in mei liqueur, and expands to consider discoloring in fruit liqueurs. The research is of scientific important because it aids in clarifying the elements in some acidic fruit products that cause the liqueur to become discolored over time. Determining whether this discoloration is caused by the preparation process, the elements within the main ingredients, or from contamination of the product is essential for food safety. Furthermore, the research benefits science in that it provides answers to inquiries relating to browning causes in liquor products for public knowledge, and product information."
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Pesticides and Effects on Humans, 2005.
This paper discusses pesticides and their effects on the human immune system.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses that science has proven that pesticides pose two separate yet related dangers. The writer notes that pesticides are everywhere in our environment and that children especially are exposed to them every day in their food and in the surfaces they touch. The writer points out that firstly, they cause various health problems, including cancer and that secondly, they attack the immune system. Thus, the writer shows that they not only create challenges for the immune system but they also make it unable to do its job.
From the Paper
"Pesticides have served mankind since ancient times, mostly as insect repellents. More than fifteen hundred years before Christ, the Egyptians used natural preparations to get rid of fleas in their households. In the 1930s, a whole range of new products was developed to destroy or repel insects, rodents, fungi, weeds and other unwanted organisms. The most notorious of these new pesticides was DDT."
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Xanthine Oxidase, 2005.
This paper examines the substance xanthine oxidase and looks at its potential functions in biology and medicine.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, AU$ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly explores the xanthine oxidase enzyme, its impact upon the body, and the research which has explored how and why this enzyme functions. The writer discusses that due to the easy accessibility of xanthine oxidase in cow's milk, this enzyme has been the subject of numerous studies for more than a century. However, the writer points out that despite this heavy level of scrutiny, xanthine oxidase is still not fully understood. This paper explores the literature which reflects upon past studies into xanthine oxidase and current research and potential applications for this substance.
From the Paper
"The basic construction of xanthine oxidase has been extensively documented and is understood: This enzyme functions as a dehydrogenase which converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and converts xanthine into uric acid. The conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine alters the hypoxanthine, a purine, into a degraded purine, which then is further degraded into uric acid which is then passed from the system. Granell et al stress that: Under [normal] physiologic conditions, the enzyme exists mainly as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), a form that uses NAD^+ as electron acceptor. Nevertheless, under certain circumstances, XDH can be converted to xanthine oxidase (XOD) by limited proteolytic cleavage. XOD uses molecular oxygen as electron acceptor and consequently generates the superoxide anion, a molecule that participates in the generation of other reactive oxygen species including hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite."
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Matrices, 2005.
This paper present a study of the theory of matrices that includes its history, development and uses.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the theory of matrices, how it was developed, how it changed, some of the applications for which it has been used, and other aspects of the issue. The writer notes how the underlying ideas are ancient and began with the Babylonians and Chinese and then resurfaced in the seventeenth century with the world of Cayley and others. Further the writer points out that the theory of matrices has led to uses in physics, chemistry, and economics as well as mathematics.
From the Paper
"Matrices are a means of visualizing mathematical concepts and relationships in graphic form. A matrix is a rectangular set of elements viewed as a single entity, identified by the number of rows and columns of which it is made. Matrices can be added or multiplied on the basis of an algebra of matrices, and one application of this sort of operation is seen in vector analysis and in the solving of systems of linear equations. The basis for the matrix is found in the Cartesian system of Rene Descartes, whose contribution to mathematics was in the development of analytical geometry, closely tied with the development of the Cartesian system of mapping on a grid or graph, for Descartes saw that a function or polynomial can be represented graphically by points."
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Hydrogen Fuel, 2005.
This paper discusses hydrogen and examines its use as an alternative source of fuel.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper concerns the alternative fuel hydrogen. The writer notes how this fuel is produced and looks at some of the problems of making it practical for use in automobiles and other vehicles. The writer explains that storage is a major issue, because hydrogen takes up four items the space of a comparable fast energy source. Some of the research being conducted to correct this situation is noted, including new materials for storage.
From the Paper
"There are many reasons to embrace the demand for alternative fuels. The current state of the world's ongoing energy crisis, of the demand for fossil fuel and of the constant fighting over oil in the middle east, are all current events that are related to oil and fuel. However, we should also look to the future for the true reasons for using alternative fuels. The emissions from power plants, refineries and automobiles are causing global warming and irreversible damage to the ozone. This is why it is so important for scientists, engineers and researchers to break down the fossil fuel barrier and replace it with alternative fuels, one of which is hydrogen."
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"Food for Sloth" by Carol Krenz, 2005.
This paper discusses the article "Food for Sloth" by Carol Krenz, which discusses the way carbohydrates and sugar effect the brain.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Carol Krenz' research explores the way sugar and carbohydrates stimulate differing parts of the brain. The author points out that, by realizing the soothing powers of both sugar and carbohydrates, there can be little doubt that both offer a solution to depression in the winter. The paper relates that, by keeping a balance of both of these necessary dietary factors, relief from depression can be found without hazardous health problems, which each one may provide singularly.
From the Paper
"The article "Food for Sloth" by Carol Krenz begins with an argument that presents the similarities between comfort' foods and hibernation foods. This manner of food related analysis present the dietary and psychological process that leads to excessive sugar and carbohydrates in the winter months. The beginning pars of the article tell how human beings have a tendency to eat more sugars due to the normative depressive states that occur between December and March. The article then begins to discuss the indifference between comfort foods and hibernation that exist, but not without the 'poisoning' that sugar and carbohydrates can impart on the human body in a singular manner."
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Desalinization, 2005.
The paper discusses desalinization as a means of meeting the world demand for water.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 8 sources, AU$ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper examines desalinization as a process of removing salt from sea water so that it can be used for drinking, watering crops or industrial processes. The author points out that, because water is so important to the very existence of life, the methods used in its allocation and distribution can't be ignored. The paper looks at two methods of desalinization.
From the Paper
"Water is a very valuable resource. Water is essential for every organism on the planet in one form or another. Human's are no exception to this rule. For example Stephen Brooks and Lydia Milijan in Water Policy say, Water is essential for human life. We require water to sustain our lives, and about 83 per cent of our blood is water. Water helps digest our food, take in oxygen, transport body wastes, and control body temperature (Brooks and Milijan 262). The fact that water is so important to the very existence of life means that the methods used in its allocation and distribution can't be ignored."
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Bioterrorism, 2005.
This paper discusses the impact of bioterrorism upon the United States of America.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, AU$ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the impact of bioterrorism upon the United States of America is difficult to exaggerate. The author points out that bioterrorism has led to a more massive and unwieldy state apparatus, to unprecedented integration between various appendages of the state, to heightened fears and insecurities and to a new approach to immigration. The paper suggests that continued vigilance is essential to continued safety.
From the Paper
"Bioterrorism has emerged as one of the catch-phrases of the new millennium. Without question, how America grapples with this frightening reality of twentieth century warfare will go a long way towards determining the safety of everyday Americans in the years to come. This paper will outline how the persistent threat of bio-terrorism has changed the everyday lives of Americans, what steps are being taken by authorities to lessen the prospect of calamitous attacks on American civilians, and the manner in which disparate government agencies are working together to ensure that the biological or chemical equivalent of September 11 , 2001, never takes place. The effect of bioterrorism upon Americans has been significant."
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When SARS Ruled the World, 2006.
A research essay on the global effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome.
1,506 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a descriptive general interest essay on severe acute respiratory syndrome and its effect on world wide affairs. The essay cites specific references to instances in Toronto, Hong Kong, and China among others. This paper delves into the causes of SARS from gene mutation to the spread of the disease. It also analyzes the impact on healthcare systems, the global economy, and impact on workplaces.
Contents:
Spread of the Disease
Pathogens Responsible
Signs / Symptoms
Effect of Pathogen on the Body/Disrupting Homeostasis & Problems related to Treating SARS Patients
Impact on Healthcare
Ethics of Dealing with SARS
Ethics of Dealing with SARS in the Workplace
From the Paper
"A city in fear is no city at all. In November 2002 the disease known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) came to Toronto by way of China and set in motion a global fear of an epidemic. There was no cure, no background knowledge, and no available treatment. SARS was a sudden onset respiratory illness that scientists are still working on not only reliable testing for, but also a cure. This paper will discuss the rise and fall of SARS and its effects on the world community, and its impact on our lives in the greater Toronto Area. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a contagious and fatal form of pneumonia that originated in China in 2002 and quickly spread across the globe. When originally contracted no available treatments offered any relief to the sever symptoms that took over a victim. The swift worldwide spread of the disease combined with its fatal nature prompted the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) to issue a worldwide alert, designating SARS as a world wide health threat, a virtual modern plague. This onset of fear motivated governments to establish never before seen procedures for infection control to prevent an epidemic. Despite these procedures approximately 8,000 cases of SARS were reported and caused 800 deaths in 32 countries."
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Arson, 2004.
This paper looks at various aspects of arson.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the crime of arson. The writer examines how such a crime can be detected. The paper first examines the chemistry of a fire in detail and then looks at how fires spread. The writer discusses how to differentiate arson from an accidental fire, by detecting the presence of accelerants.
From the Paper
"The crime of arson is the willful burning of someone else's property and the crime is more dangerous to human life than murder because statistically, murderers usually do not kill again but arsonists will continue to set fires until they are caught. Arson investigations are highly complex processes and unless conducted immediately valuable evidence may be lost forever. To determine whether a fire is accidental or a case of arson, it is necessary to understand the basics of the chemistry and behavior of fires. Fire is ... "
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Enzymes, 2004.
This paper discusses enzymes and related information.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 38.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the general structure of enzymes. The writer discusses how enzymes act to speed up chemical reactions. The writer details the six major groups of enzymes: oxidases, lysases, ligases, isomerases, transferases and hydrolases.
From the Paper
"Enzymes are special proteins which act to speed up chemical reactions because many chemical reactions required for cells to function normally would not take place at the temperature and pH found in the body. The protein part of the enzyme without any co-factors or prosthetic groups attached is known as the apo-enzyme. Not all enzymes have co-factors or prosthetic groups. Co-factors are small inorganic or organic molecules which are required for enzymatic activity of the apo-enzyme such as the copper loosely bound to lysine oxidase ... "
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Immunohistochemistry, 2004.
This paper looks at the process of immunohistochemistry.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 77.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the techniques of immunohistochemistry. The writer examines how these techniques are applied to the study of neuro chemical pathways in the mammalian brain. In this article, several studies using immunohistochemical methods to study brain neuro chemistry are examined.
From the Paper
"An antibody is a protein produced by lymphocytes of the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign antigen in the system. It usually binds to the foreign antigen and causes it to precipitate from the circulation. Antibodies can be purified in the laboratory and conjugated chemically bonded to a variety of substances including a fluorescent dye such as fluoresce-in. This conjugated antibody can then be applied to sections of tissue that have been lightly fixed or frozen so that the location ... "
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General Biology, 2005.
This paper looks at general biology questions dealing with glycolysis.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, AU$ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper answers a number of questions on general biology dealing with glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport phosphorylation, respiration, mitosis, meiosis, crossing over, independent assortment and random fertilization.
From the Paper
"Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing food molecules such as glucose to carbon dioxide and water. Kimball Energy is released in the form of ATP which is used for all the energy consuming processes of the cell. There are two stages to the process, glycolysis which is the breakdown of glucose from the diet to pyruvic acid and the complete oxidation of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water. In eukaryotes glycolysis takes place ... "
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