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1965 Voting Rights Act, 1991.
This paper looks at the effects of the 1965 Voting Rights Acton on black voters and the means used by white Southerners to circumvent the bill.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 42.95
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From the Paper
"Voting has been a major issue for black Americans in this century, although the 15th Amendment, which was ratified in 1870, provides that neither the federal government nor any state shall deny the right to vote on account of race or color. It specifically authorized Congress to enforce its provisions by legislation.. Nevertheless, especially in the South, white people denied blacks the right to vote, using everything from literacy tests to physical harm. In 1965, however, the Voting Rights Act was passed, and it suspended in certain areas the use of literacy tests and similar devices as prerequisites to registration and voting and provided for the appointment of federal examiners to register persons who met valid state voting requirements.. This act was a departure from the acts of 1957- ... "
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The 1964 Civil Rights Act: A Millsian Analysis, 2002.
Examines the groundbreaking constitutional act from the perspective of political theorist, C. Wright Mills.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
In the post-World War II period, American has undergone any number of often dramatic social transformations, many of which have focused on new demands for empowerment on the part of disparate minority groups such as African-Americans. Many theorists suggest that the "identity politics" of this era challenged the American establishment of elites in business, society and government as well as the military. The paper shows that this challenge was integral to the liberal agenda of the 1960s, an agenda that resulted in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, banning discrimination in employment and public accommodations on the basis of race, religion, gender or national origin. It is the social transformation ushered in by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, with a specific focus on the impact of this and other Congressional Acts (e.g., the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 and the 1966 Metropolitan Area Redevelopment and Demonstration Cities Act), that is analyzed in this paper from the perspective of C. Wright Mills.
From the Paper
"The 1960s and the 1970s brought permanent, even revolutionary, changes in American race and social relations. Henretta, et al (1997), for example, state that Jim Crow segregation was overturned in less than a decade, and federal legislation ensured protection of Black Americans' basic civil rights. The enfranchisement of Blacks in southern states ended the political control by a lily-white Democratic party, and facilitate the political advancement of African-Americans and their increased visibility in local government positions and elected state and federal Congressional seats. Today, African-Americans hold or have held key posts - as city mayors, council members and aldermen or women, as governors, as Congresspersons and as Senators. Many (though perhaps hardly enough) have been appointed to the judiciary, to Cabinet-level posts in Washginton, DC, to positions in the State Department, or have reached high-ranking military ranks (including a Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Colin Powell). Other African-Americans have moved into the managerial and executive suites of corporate America, or into the worlds of academia, medicine, science, and the entertainment industry. However, Henretta, et al (1997), and Martin and Roberts (1990), as well as William Julius Wilson (1996), suggest that the advancement of African-Americans (and other minority groups) into the highest echelons of power, authority and influence has remained partial at best."
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Civil Rights Laws of 1960s, 2000.
A historical background of the political conflict and the effects implications of federal legislation, focusing on the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 including the roles of Kennedy and Johnson, public views and Southern resist
5,400 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 14 sources, AU$ 144.95
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From the Paper
"Civil Rights Laws of 1960s
This research paper discusses the origins, progress, aftermath and implications of the principal federal civil rights legislation passed in the 1960s, primarily the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (the '64 Act) and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (the '65 Act).
The '64 and '65 Acts were enacted during the administration of President Lyndon Johnson. They represented a culmination of a long struggle by the civil rights movement for recognition of the legal and political rights of African Americans. The effective mobilization by black leaders of opposition to Southern segregation and discrimination coupled with the intransigent and brutal tactics employed by Southern extremists helped generate public support for new civil rights legislation, which was..."
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American Voting vs. British Voting, 2002.
A comparison of the electoral systems in the in the United States and Great Britain.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper compares public opinion, voting, and elections in the United States and Great Britain, and discusses the various advantages and disadvantages of each political system.
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Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act of 1965, 2002.
A study on the American 1965 motor vehicle air pollution control act that created emission control regulations.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the necessity and results of the Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control Act of 1965. It looks at the affluent American culture of the 1960s that created emission control regulations, which generally requires that auto exhaust gases have to be cleaner than ambient air. The paper argues both sides of the age-old debate of the environment versus economics.
From the Paper
"Since World War II, the growth of industrialization skyrocketed. The industrialization growth caused more and more environmental problems. In 1952, a London "fog" killed three thousand (3,000) people in a few days. (Sullivan, p.12) Los Angeles smoke and fog or smog was already famous among the American people during that time. Attention needed to be paid to the growing environmental problems."
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Civil Rights Laws of the 1960s, 2002.
A discussion of the origins, progress, aftermath and implications of the principal federal civil rights legislation passed in the 1960s.
5,172 words (approx. 20.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, AU$ 138.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history behind the principal federal civil rights legislation passed in the 1960s, primarily the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (the '64 Act) and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (the '65 Act) and their implications. The '64 and '65 Acts were enacted during the administration of President Lyndon Johnson and represented a culmination of a long struggle by the civil rights movement for recognition of the legal and political rights of African Americans. It analyzes how they revolutionized politics in the South and helped that region participate more fully in the nation's progress. It also looks at how blacks, other ethnic and racial minorities and women benefited greatly from the civil rights legislation of the 1960s, but how efforts since then by African Americans to participate more fully in American society have largely been thwarted.
Outline
Background
Origins of the '64 Act
Passage of the '64 Act
Johnson's Motivations
Legislative Strategy
Effect of the '64 Act
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Civil Rights Laws and White Backlash
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Further crises followed. The Kennedys negotiated with Mississippi Governor Ross Barnett to ensure the peaceful entry of James Meredith as a student at Mississippi University in September 1962, but they were forced to send in 500 marshals. After the marshals were overwhelmed by a local mob and had suffered 160 wounded, JFK sent in 5,000 Army troops. Both Kennedys felt that they had been double-crossed by Barnett. Weisbrot said "the events at Ole Miss did much to reshape President Kennedy's thinking about race, politics, and his role in civil rights reform." Next, anti-segregation demonstrations took place in Birmingham in the spring of 1963 where nationwide television audiences witnessed the brutality used by Police Chief Bull Connor on unarmed civil rights demonstrators."
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The Importance of Voting, 2007.
This paper demonstrates the significance of voting and the consequences of not voting.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the vote of the people determines who is in power at the local, state and national level. However, voting is not compulsory and the number of people voting is approaching fifty percent. The paper illustrates how the actual voting population becomes the group that the people in charge aim to please. By choosing to vote every person can gain even a small degree of influence. Apathy, on the other hand, allows those in control to take actions without a high level of concern over how the action will be perceived. The paper concludes that if more of the population voted, there would be a more balanced system of government where everyone is represented and where there is some measure of control over those in power.
From the Paper
"One of the main arguments against non-voting is that it has no effect. It is a decision not to act done as a form of protest against a system. However, as Dave Renton describes "like all campaigns based on inaction, it is a fundamentally weak gesture. It says to our rulers, "Look, you don't have our support", and they say, "Look, we're not bothered." Michael Staudenmaier makes another argument against voting stating that it has become based on people choosing the lesser of two evils. In effect, people vote because they don't want a certain person in office, not because they want a certain person in office. The problem with this argument is that not voting at all is not a solution."
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The Struggle for Civil Rights, 2002.
An insight into the strategies of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States between 1955 and 1965.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Civil Rights Movement in the United States between 1955 and 1965 in terms of the strategies of the NAACP, SCLC, SNCC, and CORE, and analyzes which of those strategies contributed the most to the success of the movement in gaining equality for Blacks.
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Electronic Voting, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of electronic voting within the election system.
1,272 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that voting fraud has always been a concern in U. S. elections. However, the writer points out that during the last few years, concerns over electronic voting and the possibility of fraud has sparked heated debates that continue today. The writer discusses the two different types of electronic voting systems, the optical scan system and the touch-screen system. The writer maintains that the success of the system of elections is based on three premises: the secrecy of the ballot, safeguards against fraud, and safeguards against voter intimidation. The writer concludes that, while criticism still echoes concerning electronic voting machines, butterfly ballots, chads and other twentieth century voting technology have all but disappeared.
From the Paper
"Internet voting is the process by which a voter casts his/her ballot on a personal computer that then electronically sends the ballot to the election office. While this system has the greatest potential for making election more convenient and accessible, it also presents major concerns surrounding the verifiability and security given the overall vulnerability of the Internet environment. Most agree that Internet voting is far too risky for general implementation, however as advances in encryption and other security measures are made, Internet voting will likely become more prevalent. The Defense Department is leading the way in resolving Internet security measures with several experiments and pilot projects. For example, to improve voting opportunities of overseas military personnel, the Defense Department conduct an experiment called Voting Over the Internet Pilot Project during the election of 2000, and planned another called the Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment during the 2004 election, however this project was cancelled before the 2004 election due to unresolved security issues."
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Electronic Voting, 2005.
A look at electronic voting as a way of presenting the same type of problems that arose in the 2000 presidential elections.
3,618 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, AU$ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the topic of electronic voting, its advantages and disadvantages, and the problems associated with it that must be solved before it can be implemented on a large scale. The paper describes the problems with the present system of voting, alternative systems of voting as well as electronic voting, and the technology that could support this type of system.
From the Paper
"The electronic voting machines currently in use include touch-screen voting, while suggestions for online voting over the Internet have been made but rejected because of the security difficulties of such a system. If those could be solved, however, then online voting might become a reality as well. At the present time, different states are considering how to implement some form of electronic system that will not create the sort of problems seen in Florida in 2000, will be secure, and will be accurate. They look to some of the systems that have already been used and so tested by different states to see what has worked and what has not."
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E-Voting, 2004.
An examination of the pros and cons of virtual voting.
1,654 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of e-voting, or voting through ATM-like electronic terminals. It looks at the pros and cons of the election process moving into an electronic age and away from the "hanging chads." The writer also examines issues of security, such as hacking and vote count integrity.
From the Paper
"The 2000 Presidential election and the fiasco in Florida's vote count were just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to voting in America. Today, voters are faced with more than punch cards. They are faced with "e-voting." What is e-voting? E-voting is a more practical way of voting by using electronic touch-screens or optical-scanning systems that record the vote when a voter touches the screen, clicks a mouse, or marks a ballot than can be optically scanned. The systems work electronically, and votes should be tallied almost instantaneously. The machines automatically show each office or item on the ballot as the voter enters their vote, and "If a voter makes a mistake, such as selecting two candidates for the same office, the computer points out this error and allows the voter to correct it" (Bonsor). These machines eliminate the inefficiencies of punch card and manual voting, and they are quicker for voters to use, so polling places can handle more voters in less time. In addition, they bring voting to many more people, including the blind and non-English speakers, for there are screens that talk back and screens in other languages."
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Internet Voting, 2003.
Examines the idea of casting votes over the internet.
2,917 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 24 sources, APA, AU$ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the feasibility of on-line voting in public elections, considering the issues of security, reliability, privacy and authentication. It examines the use of computers for voting at polling places, remote sites and on the internet and considers the possible effects of on-line voting on the future of American politics. There are some serious problems involved with voting via internet that so far seem to have no solution. This paper explains those problems and what is needed to solve them. It ends with a discussion of the possibility of America becoming a direct democracy, with the people voting on-line on every issue that is now voted on by Congress.
From the Paper
"Eric Sinrod, writing for Computerworld, suggests a step by step approach, starting with computer voting at poll sites, then moving to voting via kiosks, and finally Internet voting from home PCs.22 Voting at a poll site with a computer is little different in terms of security and privacy than voting with paper ballots. Voters are ID checked by election officials at the door so there is no need for an ID check on the computer. The computer just records and counts the votes. It is a closed system so it can be carefully watched to prevent hacks and viruses."
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Voting Behavior and Education, 2002.
And analysis of studies on the relationship between level of education and voting behavior.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
Analysis of studies on the relationship between level of education & voting behavior. Higher education and increase in voter participation. Other factors that impact voting behavior including party identification, socioeconomic class, religion, personal feelings about candidates. Discusses findings of a survey on educational level & presidential selection in 2000. Two tables.
From the Paper
"Voting Behavior and Education
Introduction
Piven and Cloward (2000) have noted that education is an investment in human skills, one with both its costs and its returns. For example, the cost of finishing high school to the student is, according to the authors, very low because it consists mainly of the relatively low wages earned by a 16 to 19 year old. On the other hand, the cost to the student of attending college is higher and includes tuition, books, fees, and the earnings given up by not working and/or by working only part time.
However, the returns of a higher education can be strong and varied. One of these returns, Piven and Cloward (2000) state, is a greater interest and participation in civic affairs..."
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Paying Attention: Voting Intention and Voter News Consumption, 2004.
Evaluates the link between voting intention and news consumption; based on research data collected during the 2000 Canadian federal election.
4,225 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 119.95
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Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to investigate the connection between the amount of attention paid to news coverage in elections by citizens, and the effects of this on voting intention. Analysing secondary source data from the 2000 Canadian federal election, this paper finds that the only significant correlations between voting intention and attention paid to news were found amongst television viewers and newspaper readers. The data shows that the more attention individuals pay to news, the more they move away from being an undecided voter and towards identifying with a party.
Paper Overview
Abstract
Background
Research Question
Rationale for Method Used
Methodology
Design
Procedures
Analysis and Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
Tables, etc.
References
From the Paper
"Paul Nesbitt-Larking argues that the media love elections because they "possess all the qualities of first class sporting events-provide cheap thrills for the media, who are able to garner much good material for little or no expenditure. Elections are easy because the protocols and rhythms of what will take place have been reasonably well established." If he is correct, then the 2000 Canadian federal election should have had Canadian media salivating. It was momentous for many reasons. It was the first election of a new millennium. It marked the third campaign as incumbent begun by then Prime Minister Jean ChrA(c)tien who, if he won (which he did), would have been handed with his fellow Liberals their third majority government. Finally, adding drama, there was a new, right-of-centre party on the scene in the form of the Canadian Alliance led by a young, charismatic, sea-doo riding leader by the name of Stockwell Day. Arguably therefore, it could be expected that the media would dramatically increase its coverage of the election campaign. By doing so however, the media become not just passive observers of the election, but also active participants and take for themselves the ability to, within newscasts especially, prime the electorate as to which issues are important."
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Voluntary Voting in Australia, 2007.
A look at th argument that voluntary voting is desirable in the context of liberal-democratic Australia.
894 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that as Australia is a liberal democracy, voluntary voting is desirable. The paper argues this by stating the positive liberal democratic effects that a voluntary voting system would have such as
drastically increasing overall political activity, enhancing the current political system by making it more democratic in nature and the advancement of the fundamental rights of Australia's citizens.
From the Paper
"Far from decreasing political activity, voluntary voting would in fact increase political activity. This would be primarily caused by two major effects resulting from people no longer having to vote for the better of multiple parties, but rather only voting when a party shows itself as worthy of the effort. Firstly, parties and party supporters would be forced to become more involved in the local issues of the people and the community in order to motivate the electorate to vote for them. Secondly, campaigning would become just as prominent in safe seats as it is in marginal seats, as the number of votes from safe seats would no longer be guaranteed. When one considers that current party election efforts focus primarily not just on marginal seats but on swinging marginal seats, which make up only 7% of the population, it's obvious that the resulting increase in political activity would be drastic. "
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Voting System Design, 2002.
A proposal for a new voting system for Orange County.
1,105 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
The development of a secure and accurate voting system for the populace of Orange County is a task of paramount importance. Incorporated in this proposal are recommendations for the construction of such a system. In this proposal the writer addresses both the benefits and potential shortcomings of a computer based system and highlights the technologies used to insure security, privacy, accessibility and accountability. Finally, it addresses several issues relevant to the new voting system including public acceptance and system administration.
From the Paper
"Any computer based voting system must balance the benefits of automation and convenience with the security risk inherent in such systems. Computers are compromised daily and various measures must be implemented to insure the integrity of the system. It is well worth noting, that though the traditional "hacker" is a threat, lack of public confidence in the security, privacy, and accuracy of the system, pose far greater a threat than any one individual can. These sentiments are what led Rebecca Mercuri to argue that, "the benefits of automation are still outweighed by the risks." This feeling is still prevalent in the general public so our system must take every step necessary to facilitate public trust and to insure the integrity of our results."
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