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Corruption and Economic Development, 2007.
This paper explores the levels of corruption in relation to economic development in developing countries.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how political, economic, social and cultural conditions prevailing in a country influence the economic development and the level of corruption. The paper discusses the direct relationship between economic development, corruption and political transition in Mexico, Taiwan, Russia and the People's Republic of China. The paper concludes that there are no easy solutions available for developing countries making the transition from authoritarianism to free-market democracy and struggling to establish viable, stable economies.
From the Paper
"Economic development is often correlated to the degree of corruption, especially in countries struggling to transition from authoritarian rule to free-market democracy. For example, in Mexico and Taiwan, it is evident that correlations exist between economic development and corruption, for the sectors of their economies which are performing the best are the ones most riddled with corrupt relationships between government officials and businessmen in the form of paying bribes or providing kickbacks."
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China vs. South Korea, 2007.
This paper discusses authoritarian vs. democratic countries in Southeast Asia.
2,706 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 98.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how China and South Korea appear to be diametrically opposed; China is authoritarian while South Korea is democratic. The paper discusses the modernizationist approach and shows how China is basically an authoritarian state while South Korea is democratic. The paper shows, however, how there are various aspects of these states that indicate neither one fits into a simple category, but instead both have moved at times in the opposite direction. The paper also shows how in both China and South Korea, the influence of tradition and ideology such as Confucianism has been beneficial for growth and development.
Outline:
Introduction
The Modernizationist Approach
Authoritarianism
Democracy
A Unifying Force
Conclusion
From the Paper
"What at first appears to be a sharp polarization between an authoritarian country and a democratic nation proves to be a complex matter. The modernizationist paradigm is based on "the attitudinal changes of the middle class, arguing that economic growth, urbanization, greater literacy rates, and organizational know-how help to stimulate middle-class participation in politics" (Text 12). Two very different types of modernization took place in South Korea and China. The rapid industrialization of South Korea in the 1970s and 1980s appeared to be related to state capacity and especially strategies used by the estate to overcome free markets and to accelerate growth. "Industrialization led to a new, much more diverse, complex and interrelated economy which becomes increasingly difficult for authoritarian regimes to control" (Text 13)."
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The Rise of Japan, 2007.
This paper explores the factors behind the rise of Japan as a major industrial power after World War II.
1,555 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the major policy initiatives which made Japan's explosive growth after WWII possible and examines factors such as location, natural resources, demographics and international relations in order to assess how they allowed Japan to overcome its war-torn past. The paper shows how the rise of Japan was because of the country's talented bureaucrats who worked to put in place an economic program of rationalization, state-business co-operation and selective cartelization that allowed targeted growth sectors to expand.
From the Paper
"For one thing, one of Japan's greatest resources has always been its human resources - even Japan's robust birth rate and growth during the middle third of the twentieth century has given way to a much more pedestrian birth rate that now sees the number of elderly climbing while the young fall steadily as a percentage of the population (Foreign Press Center Japan, sec.1-3). In any case, while rapid population growth probably played somewhat of a role in Japan's rise to economic superpower status after about 1950, it was (and remains) the quality rather than quantity of its human resources which has determined and will continue to determine its fate."
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The Experiences of Asian-American Immigrants, 2007.
An analysis of the experiences, as an Asian-American, of the character of Jing-Mei Woo in Amy Tan's novel "The Joy Luck Club".
1,659 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the complex character of Jing-Mei Woo in Amy Tan's novel "The Joy Luck Club". It describes her experiences as a second-generation Asian-American and how she is caught between the Asian world and the Western world. The paper argues that Jing-Mei's difficulties are common to many Asian-Americans and Asian-American immigrants.
From the Paper
"Note that in both of these examples, there is no talk of assimilation. Rather, the goal is to retain an Asian identity, while at the same time adopting aspects of the American culture that are seen as desirable, and as congruent with an Asian identity. This seems to be a goal for many Asian-American immigrants. It certainly seems to be a goal that Suyuan sets for Jing-Mei. After all, she both reminds her that she will always be Chinese, while at the same time exhorting her to excel in the ways of the Americans. The latter is unrealistic, as she takes it to extremes. It is left to Jing-Mei to figure out what is possible for her in her new culture, and what is not. However, to do so she also has to get in touch with her Chinese roots - as she does by visiting her sisters."
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Chinese Currency Policy, 2007.
An analysis of the aspects of China's monetary policy that have been used to indirectly influence Chinese positions in terms of international relations and foreign policy.
1,174 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Chinese monetary policy is utilized as a foreign policy device for very specific gains in international relations and looks at how this differs from other countries' monetary policy. The paper focuses on the managed float of the Chinese currency, the Renminbi (RMB) and discusses the other aspects of China's monetary policy that have been used to indirectly influence Chinese positions in terms of international relations and foreign policy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Hypotheses
Policy Relevance
Articles for Review
Critical Analysis of Articles
From the Paper
"Authors Voon and Frankel examine certain aspects of China's exchange rate and currency policies. Voon, et al, in "Does China Really Lose From RMB Revaluation? Evidence From Some Export Industries," argues that China's managed float may not be necessary to protect China's export sector. Frankel examines China's exchange rate policy and strategy from a strict economist's perspective and makes the argument that a country has the right and obligation to choose whatever currency regime it feels benefits the nation and its citizens the most. Frankel examines the exchange rate policy from the perspective of alternate strategies such as expenditure reduction as well as interest rate manipulation. The import of his article is that while China benefits from its controlled exchange rate policy, it also has an obligation to do so but should consider alternate strategies since its currency and its economy has become so important to the global economy."
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Modern Chinese Literature, 2007.
This paper discusses the Liang Qichao style of writing as well as the works of Lu Xun and Yu Dafu.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Liang Qichao's writing style that stemmed from his conviction that literature should be accessible to any literate person. The paper discusses how Lu Xun and Yu Dafu's writings reflected Chinese political developments. The paper explores these ideas that inspired the educated, but points out that these beliefs were soon to be forcibly put to rest with the Communist takeover of China.
From the Paper
"Between 1930 and 1937, Chinese literature developed as a modern profession, mainly in the sophisticated atmosphere of coastal China, incorporating Western thought towards new styles. There was much use of the vernacular languages and appeals to a wider range of readers with what became known as the Liang Qichao style involved the grammar and vocabulary of the old, in a mix of literary and modern spoken forms. (McDougall & Louie, p.16) Liang Qichao was inspired by Japanese efforts to embrace Western technology and knowledge as seen during his time as a student in Japan and his literary work often called for 'good government' as something the Chinese could have if borrowing institutions and values. Looked at a century later, the reader spots the faith in a new system for China that would bring about what was needed. One also sees a man, undoubtedly like most of those he knew, both informed about but very cut off from the lived reality of more ordinary Chinese."
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Fukuzawa Yukichi's Memoirs, 2007.
This paper analyzes Fukuzawa Yukichi's lifetime experiences in "The Autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi".
1,968 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, AU$ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Fukuzawa Yukichi's autobiography that has long been considered a classic towards understanding the history of the Meiji period and modern Japan. The paper examines Fukuzawa's youth and education and describes his reputation as an author, political theorist and educator determined to inspire reform of Japanese society, government and institutions. The paper concludes that he left Japanese society having inspired thousands of young people to move beyond a traditional order that so often constrained them.
Outline:
Introduction
Escape from Expectations
A Samurai Returns
Last Remarks - an Unique Personality
From the Paper
"This volume has long been considered a classic towards understanding different currents in the history of Meiji and modern Japan. (1980) It is readable from the very first page and most readers will take to the unique voice that permeates the entire book, although Yukichi Fukuzawa (1835-1901) dictated his memoirs to a relation in 1897, as were translated into English by the narrator's grandson. Fukuzawa was born into the lower samurai clan of his father, Fukuzawa Hyakusuku, Samurai of the Okudaira clan on the island of Kyushu. His mother was the eldest daughter of another samurai of the same clan. (p.1) Readers with previous interest in 19th century Japan will probably take interest in what is related of one of the last generations of a lower samurai family, its sense of propriety, and Yukichi's departure from the tradition in which he was raised. He nearly succumbed to typhoid fever in youth. (pp.40-41)"
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Indian Tourist Guide Books, 2007.
This paper compares the articles "Mediating India" by Deborah Bhattacharyya, "The Tourist Gaze 'Revisited'" by John Urry and "Tourist Agency" by MacCannell.
767 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Bhattacharyya's belief that the "Lonely Planet" guidebook shapes how westerners see India and how they interact with their Indian hosts. The paper explains how she posits that the text reflects western biases and that tourists tend to interact with Indians through the distorting lens of their own cultural paradigms. The paper then looks at John Urry's idea that the "tourist gaze" is sub-consciously shaped by the tourist books and examines MacCannell's partly similar beliefs.
From the Paper
"At the core of her paper, Bhattacharyya appears to be insisting that tourists books - like the western travelers they inform - reduce the Orient to something akin to spectacle and that they "leave out" things which might seem mundane or insignificant to western eyes (387). For his part, John Urry does not seem to dispute this. Particularly, he writes that the "tourist gaze" is sub-consciously shaped by the tourist books that provide so much of his or her information; he also writes that western society is notably "ocular-centric" and that it places special emphasis upon what is seen rather than what is heard or smelled or even touched (Urry, 174-178)."
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China's Central Monetary Policy, 2007.
A an analysis of China's monetary policy and currency control.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's monetary policy and the role of the People's Bank of China (PBC) in its currency control. It discusses China's economic growth and development, as well as the political environment in China and how this affects the economy. The paper specifically focuses on China's economic policies with regard to how they affect their relations with the United States.
Table of Contents:
Overview
China's Economic Growth
Political Dimensions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The political environment in China has been radically altered since Hu Jintao was appointed President. Most recently, China's economic growth, coupled with its long history of graft and corruption, has allowed President Hu to consolidate his power even further. Shanghai's Governor, Qin Yu, has been accused by state investigators of corruption, bribe-taking, and graft and since he was a former ally of Hu's predecessor, his position in the Communist Party and his political position as Governor over one of China's most prosperous regions afforded him little protection (Dyer pars.3-7). Thus, indirectly, China's economic growth which is underpinned by its currency policies, have been co-opted by the political establishment."
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"The True Story of Ah Q", 2007.
This paper discusses the Chinese story "The True Story of Ah Q" by Lu Xun.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "The True Story of Ah Q", which appeared in 1921 as a story attacking archaic ways of thinking in Chinese society. The paper describes how this book portrays the everyday sufferings of a typical Chinese vagrant and his daily battles to remain alive and to keep his self-respect. The paper explains that, when publishing the story, Lu Xun hoped that it would inspire people of conscience to want to do something towards alleviating poverty and promoting social reform.
Outline:
Introduction
The Story
Political Significance
From the Paper
"Lu Xun or Lu Hsun was a pen name used by Zhou Shuren (1881-1936) when publishing different short stories that usually offered criticism of Chinese society. Lu Xun wanted a radical change in China that he saw had to remove old and often repressive social customs. His early life allowed him to see a good deal of what life was like for ordinary Chinese as he was born to poor parents yet had an educated mother to encourage his studies. Lu Xun studied at the Jiangnan Naval Academy, the School of Railways and Mines in Nanjing and then became a medical student at Sendai in Japan. He also became familiar with social reform movements in China which he supported and at the turn of the 20th century saw the need for a literary movement to convince more people of what had to leave Chinese culture if the country was to be more humane, let alone to modernize."
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Trade Liberalization, 2007.
This paper explores different viewpoints on the subject of free trade and trade liberalization.
1,012 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews five articles on the subject of trade liberalization and argues that trade liberalization has been revealed to be largely a global good. The paper uses Asia as an example to illustrate how free trade contributed to its phenomenal growth and current wealth. The paper points out that while there have been social problems associated with free trade, these can be addressed by policy initiatives. The paper concludes that trade liberalization has created wealth and economic growth and thus should be promoted as much as possible.
From the Paper
"In the Business Week special issue "Global Capitalism: Can it Be Made to Work" the record of globalization is examined with a level of criticism that is remarkable for a "business" publication. The opening article by Engardio and Belton sets the tone for the issue in contending that: "The plain truth is that market liberalisation by itself does not life all boats" (Engardio and Belton 73). The authors argue that globalization has led to extraordinary economic disparities which carry the long-term danger - if the world's poor do not see the benefits from free trade - of the unravelling of globalized capitalism (Engardio and Belton 75). The authors cite studies that indicate that there is "no automatic link between openness and growth in developing countries" (Engardio and Belton 75)."
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Hong Kong and World War II, 2007.
A comparative analysis of three different articles relating to the 1941 attack of the Japanese army on Hong Kong and Japanese occupation till the end of the War in 1945.
3,226 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses, from different perspectives, the 1941 attack of the Japanese Imperial Army on Hong Kong and the brutal Japanese occupation there till the end of the War in 1945. It examines three scholarly articles that are seen to relate to the same broad topic of how events during World War II in Asia continue to shape thinking on Japan, more than 50 years later, in matters of power and strategy involving China, Japan, the U.S. and other influences. June Teufel Dreyer is introduced as an American follower of East Asian affairs and the author of an article on Japan and China that seems more American in scope than Asian. Richard J. Aldrich's study of British secret intelligence in Asia during World War II is then discussed in relation to Hong Kong. The third paper is by Kent Fedorowich on a British diplomat's view of Hong Kong before the colony fell to the Japanese.
Outline:
Introduction
On Sino-Japanese Rivalry
Allied Intelligence in World War II - Hong Kong
Hong Kong on the Eve of its Occupation
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
" When Hong Kong fell to the Japanese, civilians were interned and thousands of Indian, British and Canadian soldiers that had tried to defend the colony became prisoners of war, many of them dying of disease, starvation and general abuse. (CBC 1972) Consulting Greenhous's summary of the 2,000 Canadians defeated at Hong Kong's struggle against the Japanese showed the takeover as something that people in Hong Kong would remember for many years. (1997) The soldiers fought from December 8 to 18, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Army often killing the wounded just as they viciously attacked civilians. When the Japanese took control of the colony the people lived on tiny rations, the actual takeover as brutal as anywhere in Asia the Japanese conquered. The people of Hong Kong till the lapse of 1997 were used to seeing Communist China as a place of oppression and perhaps unwanted designs on the future of Hong Kong, but Japan stayed in mind as the greater enemy, and a potential new threat. "
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Nuclear Confrontation Between India and Pakistan, 2007.
An analysis of the implications for the area of the continuing threat of nuclear confrontation between India and Pakistan.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical and ideological roots of the conflict between India and Pakistan and its contemporary nuclear manifestation. It discusses how this nuclear saber rattling, specifically over the continuing conflict in Kashmir, will continue to be a threat toward security for the region and how there is no likely resolution in the near future. It also analyzes the implications for the business community.
From the Paper
"Both India and Pakistan tested nuclear devices in May 1998 (Ganguly, 2002). This was a critical turning point in the political relations between Indian and Pakistan. Further it represents one of the most significant contemporary issues facing India. That the nuclear conflict is constructed on an historical conflict of control of the Kashmir region is only the background of the issue. Kashmir is a territory essentially caught in the middle of nuclear "saber rattling" (Oberoi, 2001). The real problem facing political stability in the region at this point is the proliferation of nuclear arms in both India and Pakistan. "
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Curing Addiction: India and Canada, 2007.
This paper looks at Vipassana, the Indian meditation method used for curing addiction and mental illness of prison inmates.
3,307 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, AU$ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a program of meditation introduced in Indian prisons, Vipassana, that enables inmates to overcome addiction and problems of mental health while gaining a new orientation of themselves and their situations. The paper examines the Vipassana experiment in New Delhi's Tihar Jail and discusses the benefits of implementing this program into Canadian prisons.
Outline:
Introduction
Addictions and Canadian Offenders
Recognizing Addiction in India
What is Vipassana?
Closing Gaps in Practice and Planning
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"Terry explained that Canadian recidivism often revolves around an offender's ability to cope with addiction, the ex-offender a person having overcome addiction, and the repeat offender a person not having achieved this. (2002) Canadian officials and institutions need to look further afield for programming, bearing in mind how Third World settings are keenly hampered by fiscal concerns. In short, a program affordable and effective in India is apt to prove effective given the extra supports available in the West. Moreover, what has been offered to Canadian federal offenders has not always served addicted offenders well -- the addict is frequently the 'repeat offender' with whom Federal prisons often deal."
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National Security Affairs: Singapore, 2007.
An examination of the nation of Singapore and its international significance to the United States' national security.
848 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, AU$ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the nation of Singapore and provides information about its basic geography, exports, resources and imports. The paper also looks at the standard of living and general contentedness of Singaporeans. It then discusses whether or not tradition is valued in Singapore and how stable or unstable the national government is. Finally, the paper analyzes whether or not Singapore is "in line" with U.S. foreign policy - and how Singapore is important to the United States' foreign policy and national defense - and what general strengths and weaknesses it possesses. Ultimately, the paper illustrates how even the tiniest of nations can have major international significance.
From the Paper
"To close briefly, Singapore is an important country for America insofar as it is a wealthy and fairly influential member of ASEAN and because an enemy of the United States that gained power in Singapore would be geographically positioned to gain considerable power in the entire Southeast Asian region. In military terms, an enemy of America's that gained control in Singapore could threaten US naval and military installations in the Pacific - as well as the security of Australia, another strong ally upon which America has depended in the past. As a few final points, Singapore's proximity to China and to habitually-unstable Thailand is a very real weakness while the nation's greatest strength lies in its political stability and the fact that it is a prosperous land with strong business ties to the United States - as have a number of other Asian lands (Ramsay 2003)."
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The Modernization of Naidu, 2007.
An analysis of the process of modernization of the small traditional village of Naidu in China.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the political economy and modernization of a small-scale agricultural community, Naidu Village, Yunnan Province, China. It describes how it is a labor and production society characterized by reliance on a particular cash-crop - matsutake. The paper then discusses how this traditional society was forced into a process of modernization under market demand stemming from a foreign capitalist nation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Paradigms of Economic Development
Modernization
A Political Economy Perspective
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Marxist thinking highlights the movement toward capitalist production in Naidu, an ideal also upheld by the theory of modernization. These changes have been clearly reflected in "community crafting and refining a process of rulemaking and implementation" (Menzies 37-38) in terms of Naidu's agricultural and political economy, including increased administration, military control and regimented labor under a probable advance to full-scale capitalism. When ones looks at the Naidu case from a global political economy perspective, the character (inevitably a fluctuating one) of the Japanese economy has a direct impact on Naidu, as Japan is its primary export partner - the implementation of government legislation and loss of villager control over production was, perhaps, inevitable, under this commoditization of matsutake."
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