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China's Threat to the World, 2008.
An analysis of the basis of the threats that China poses to the rest of the world.
1,475 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, AU$ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses why China has been viewed as a threat since the 1949 revolution. Specifically, the paper looks at the various forms that this threat has taken, such as a military threat and economic threat. The paper also describes and explains the history behind these threats and their relationship to the economic and political power of China and then looks at who the threats are directed towards.
From the Paper
"Chengxin Pan points out the position China has long held in the American imagination and finds that much of the threat is itself imaginary. He cites debates in the U.S. over whether China constitutes a strategic threat to the United States or an economic bonanza for the United States. Pan finds that the answer given often depends on the area of interest to the scholar giving the answer. A current threat recently found by some scholars is job loss in the U.S. as some manufacturing is moved to China and as companies like Wal-Mart outsource certain manufacturing to China, citing a U.S. congressional panel that found that at least 760,000 U.S. manufacturing jobs have migrated to China since 1992."
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China's Strategic Intentions, 2008.
This paper provides an assessment of China's likely future strategic intentions.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that assessing the nature of China's future strategic intelligence intentions in the 21st century requires examining China's strategic objectives, for doing so will reveal the intelligence activities that must be engaged in if China is to achieve these strategic objectives. The writer maintains that it is evident that one of China's primary strategic objectives is to become an economic superpower. Furthermore, the writer maintains that it is also evident that in order to achieve this, engaging in economic espionage against the United States is necessary because this will confer economic advantages upon China while enabling Beijing to undermine and weaken the U.S. economy.
From the Paper
"It is evident that one of China's strategic objectives is to become an economic superpower, for this would not only expand Chinese influence throughout the world, it would enable China to become a military superpower equivalent to or even greater than the United States. In order to achieve this strategic objective, China is likely to expand its economic espionage capabilities.
"This would confer significant advantages upon China and enable Beijing to expand its economy while undermining the economy of the United States. Economic espionage is beneficial for China because it furthers China's strategic objectives by enabling Beijing to measure long-term success by enhanced market share for its products, and consequently achieve a favorable balance of trade."
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Indonesia, 2008.
Looks at the political and economic history of Indonesia before, during and after the rule of its military leader and president Suharto.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the history of Indonesia, the rule of Suharto is only somewhat less violent and repressive than had been true of Sukarno before him. The paper points out that Suharto used the military to crush any opposition to his effort at economic development. The paper also points out that, although it was one of the world's poorest countries in 1967 when Suharto came to power, Indonesia today is considered an economic success story. The paper further notes that the military, which was key to the New Order economic changes brought about by Suharto, remains strong after his death and concludes that, at this time, the balance between civilian and military rule in Indonesia is neither even nor tilted in favor of civilian rule.
From the Paper
"One element in the conflict in the region is ethnic, directed against a Chinese majority that has been economically successful but not fully assimilated into Indonesian society. In the Sukarno and Suharto periods, the Chinese minority continued its business success but otherwise tried to a great extent to blend in and to go unnoticed. More recently, however, there has been a political re-awakening of the Chinese minority after the heavy hand of President Suharto was removed. In May 1998, there were anti-Chinese riots which made the Chinese see themselves as vulnerable."
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HIV/AIDS among Indian Sex Trade Workers, 2008.
Investigates causes for the growing epidemic of HIV/AIDS among sex trade workers in India.
3,145 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 17 sources, APA, AU$ 147.95
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Abstract
In investigating the causes for the growing epidemic of HIV/AIDS among sex trade workers in India, this paper attempts to link the growth to socio-economic factors. In addition, the paper attempts to see whether India is simply a typical Third World country in this respect, or if there are special circumstances rendering Indian sex trade workers even more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.
Table of Contents:
Background/Rationale
Objectives
Findings
Epidemiology
General Economic Factors
Socio-Economic Factors that Directly Impact Sex Trade Workers
Discrimination Against AIDS Patients
Political Issues
HIV/AIDS and Sex Trade Workers
Conclusions
From the Paper
"In India, the two main routes of infection are heterosexual contact and drug use. AIDS infections began spreading rapidly in India in the late 1980s and early 1990s. However, the response was slow. Officials were reluctant to admit AIDS was in India. For example, by 1991 only 1,254 AIDS cases were formally reported to WHO for the whole of Asia. However, the true figures were likely ten times as high. In the early 1990s, it began to seem that India and Thailand were the two Asian countries with the highest infection rates."
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The Vicissitudes of Samurai Culture, 2008.
This essay compares two early Japanese texts, "Shomonki: The Story of Masakado's Rebellion", translated by Judith Rabinovitch, and "The Tale of the Heike", translated by Burton Watson.
2,057 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two texts which were written more than one hundred years apart, both detailing samurai wars but written at two disparate points in samurai history. The paper also assesses the changes in the way in which samurai exploits were portrayed, and in particular, attempts to chart the progression of the concept of loyalty within the samurai realm over the course of its early history. The first text examined is "Shomonki: The Story of Masakado's Rebellion", written in 1099, when the samurai was a relatively new figure in society. The second text "The Tale of the Heike", also known as "Heike Monogatari", was written in 1221, when samurai involvement in government had increased, wars between clans had escalated, and samurai culture had become a distinctive and ubiquitous feature of greater Japanese culture.
From the Paper
"Shomonki was written during the Heian period, by someone who was probably a first-hand observer (Rabinovitch, 44-45), and it is instructive in detailing the types of disputes which did, in the end, lead to the rise of the Samurai and also to the fall of the Heian court. Tales of the Heike, on the other hand, was written during the Kamakura period, when the samurai had become such a force in society that the traditional aristocracy of the court had been replaced by a new warrior aristocracy--with warring samurai clans fighting for and seeking control. In particular, Tales of the Heike, chronicles the Genpei war, between the Heike (or Taira) and Minamoto (or Genji) clans. It tells the tale from the perspective of both sides and, interestingly, focuses not only on battles, military strategy and the lives of warriors, but also on lesser players, such as women and servants, and their stories and plights throughout. The samurai, of course, gained government power in the twelfth century and it seems that around the tie that The Tales of the Heike were written, the samurai ethics, including that of loyalty, had changed to such an extent that it become an expectation of all people--a cultural value, rather than a warrior code."
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Rabindranath Tagore, 2008.
This essay is an analysis on the life of Rabindranath Tagore and discusses the man as both an artist and a political activist in India.
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 55.95
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Abstract
This essay is an analysis on the life of Rabindranath Tagore, a Bengali who had a privileged upbringing in Britain, but who loved his native land. The essay describes Tagore as being primarily known as a multitalented artist - a novelist, essayist, philosopher, poet, Nobel Prize winner, song-writer and singer, playwright and actor. However, he was frequently distracted from artistic creativity due to his concerns about the realities and problems of life in India. This essay argues that to truly appreciate Tagore, it is necessary to go beyond his artistic oeuvre. Instead, it recognizes that Tagore also made an important contribution through his political message, and it argues that his anti-nationalism message is entirely relevant to important modern day problems.
From the Paper
"The non-literary achievements of Tagore may be seen as deriving primarily from his grasp of the poverty of the concept of nationalism. Quayum explains that Tagore perceived the poverty of the notion of nationalism, despite the fact that the notion attracts so many fervent followers. Crucially, Tagore saw that this notion grew out of 'the post-religious laboratory of industrial-capitalism' (Quayam 3), and its problems derive directly from this inauspicious origin. Reflecting this origin, nationalism is, in Tagore's words, an 'organization of politics and commerce' that brings 'harvests of wealth' due to the operation of greed, power and selfishness (Quayam 3). The problem is that nationalism on the one hand impoverishes our souls and cuts us off from our common humanity - and on the other hand, is the direct inspiration for much of the suffering in our world..."
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Gender Relations in Chinese Literature, 2008.
A review of the Chinese story "Han the Fifth Sells her Charms in New Bridge Town" by Feng Menglong.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Feng Menglong provides a window into the social, cultural, economic and political nature of Chinese society in the 17th century in his story "Han the Fifth Sells her Charms in New Bridge Town". The paper looks specifically at gender relations in Chinese Society in the 17th century. The paper explains that men and women had rigidly defined roles as well as a range of social and moral obligations attached to these gender roles. Individuals who fail to remain within these prescribed gender roles are seen as weak and immoral. The paper then discusses how Feng Menglong demonstrates what happens when individuals step outside of their prescribed gender roles.
From the Paper
"From the story "Han the Fifth Sells her Charms in New Bridge Town" it appears that gender roles were very important in 17th Century Chinese society. Men were seen as being connected to the Yang(Menglong 91). In order to understand the importance of this it is necessary to look at the concept of Ying and Yang. Ying and Yang are often expressed in a symbol known as the Tai Ji Tu made up of two fish shaped symbols forming a circle. Yang is the active, male heaven principle. Ying is the passive, female earth principle."
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Meng-long's "Du Tenth Sinks the Jewel Box in Anger", 2008.
This essay is a thematic analysis of Feng Meng-long's "Du Tenth Sinks the Jewel Box in Anger" in terms of gender in 16th century China.
1,759 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 90.95
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Abstract
The essay discusses the themes related to men and women in Feng Meng-long's "Du Tenth Sinks the Jewel Box in Anger", a short story typical of vernacular courtesan romances popular with the 16th century shift towards a business culture prevalent through the Ming Dynasty. Specifically, the author analyzes the relationships between the character of Master Li with his father and with his lover Du Tenth.
Outline:
Introduction
The Economics of Brothels
Male Weakness as Unfeeling Behaviour
Last Remarks
From the Paper
"As a member of Li Zhi's school of writing which stressed human sentiment and behaviour, Feng stressed to the reader how Master Li had acted out of cowardice, thinking that the sale of Du Tenth would permit resolution in the future, that he could return to his family and later have Du Tenth. She is having no part of it, of course, having seen immediately what Sun had placed in Li's mind and how easily he had gone ahead with what seemed a solution. At once, the reader understands that her sentiment has been genuine along with her words, and also, that she is shrewd and when revealing the wealth she had amassed to give to her husband, that she is far better as business woman and person able to manage in the world. For Feng, men are cowardly when ignoring women's feelings, and easily manipulated, or opportunists in the manner of Sun who almost managed to get hold of Du Tenth. Unsurprisingly, in the romantic scheme of things, it is Du Tenth the whore who proves to have nobler sentiment, as well as intelligence. Feng summarized that 'Sun Fu, who thought nothing of throwing away a thousand taels in a plot to steal away a lovely woman, was certainly no gentleman, while Li Jia, who failed to recognize Du Tenth's sincere devotion, was a vulgar person not even worth talking about.' (p.855)
"The crowd wondered why she had not found a mate that suited her beauty and devotion, the whole story most pitiful in that she has suffered for her honesty, risked leaving the brothel behind, believing that she had found her future with Master Li who seems not to appreciate, at all, the radical step that she has taken, placing herself on the winds of fate, willing to go anywhere and face any consequences with the man she loves."
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Housing Policy in Hong Kong from the 1940s to the 1960s, 2008.
A look at the housing policy in Hong Kong between 1940 to 1960.
2,115 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the housing policy in colonial Hong Kong from the 1940s to the 1960s, and notes that these decades were characterized by a radical transformation in the role of the state in the colony's housing markets, moving from a laissez-faire model to a highly interventionist approach. The author argues that while the increasingly interventionist housing policies of Hong Kong's colonial government over this period were flawed in many respects, the policies serve as an example of how housing policy can serve to successfully support economic growth and industrialization in developing world contexts.
Outline:
Introduction
The Challenges of the Hong Kong Setting
The Significance of Colonial Hong Kong's Housing Policy
Hong Kong Colonial Housing Policy: The Critical Juncture
1953: A Watershed in Housing Development
Implications of Hong Kong's Public Housing Policy
From the Paper
"The topic of housing policy in colonial Hong Kong has been the focus of considerable study by scholars from around the world. This is due, in large part, to the fact that Hong Kong represents an ideal social laboratory within which the complexities of housing policy implementation in a development context can be closely examined. Its narrow geographic area, well-understood variables, together with the existence of accurate and generally accurate state documentation, has allowed scholars to analyze in depth housing policy in the colony, and extrapolate learnings with respect to other contexts in Asia and the developing world. From this perspective, this essay will examine housing policy in Hong Kong from the 1940s to the 1960s, as these decades were characterized by a radical transformation in the role of the state in the colony's housing markets, moving from a laissez-faire model to a highly interventionist approach. As will be argued, while the increasingly interventionist housing policies of Hong Kong's colonial government over this period were flawed in many respects, the policies serve as example of how housing policy can serve to successfully support economic growth and industrialization in developing world contexts."
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San Francisco Chinatown and Chinese Americans, 2008.
An analysis of how San Fransisco Chinatown has affected the status of Chinese Americans and improved tourism in the area.
3,523 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 17 sources, MLA, AU$ 158.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Chinese immigration to the United States from 1848 and looks at how the laws relating to Chinese immigrants have developed up until today. The paper then focuses on how Chinatown in San Francisco has affected the American way of life and how San Fransisco's tourism has never suffered due to the appeal of its Chinatown. Specifically, the paper looks at how San Francisco's Chinatown has affected the status of Chinese Americans.
From the Paper
"There is also the ancient tradition of homeopathic medicines that is beginning to filter into traditional American medicine. In the 19th Century Chinese medicine many times was all that was available and it served the need for Chinese and non-Chinese alike. Medicine was primitive at best in the west. There were no anesthetics, vaccines or surgeries available. Chinese Americans understood the benefits of herbs for medicinal purposes and it was their knowledge that was used throughout the United States to deal with injuries and diseases (Lyman 23)."
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Outsourcing Models: India in Competition, 2008.
This paper examines China's threat to India's competitive advantage in the outsourcing industry.
701 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, AU$ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses India's current status as the outsourcing/offshoring capital of the global economy and examines the qualities that have allowed India to achieve this status. The paper then discusses how other emerging markets have begun to model India's success, with China being the most notable. The paper explains that while China cannot compete with India's English speaking population, it can compete in terms of infrastructure, educated workforce and cost-benefits. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper
"U.S. firms have increasingly employed Outsourcing and offshoring for several decades as the world has adopted the global economic model. While in the past these outsourcing and offshoring activities were largely limited to the manufacturing and production sectors, service and related industries have, for the past decade, found that some markets are able to perform back office and administrative functions as well as direct customer interaction. The fact that India has become the outsourcing/offshoring capital of the global economy is evidenced by its 8% annual growth rate, a 40% outsourcing growth rate for 2005 alone and estimated outsourcing industry valuations of $64b by 2012 with more than 3m employees (Krebsbach, 2006). With these kind of figures it is clear that India's outsourcing model is not a success but one which other markets could use as an economic paradigm in order to spur their own economic growth. "
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Antitrust Policy and Chinese Banks, 2008.
This paper examines the liberalization of the banking industry in China as a case study of antitrust policy in economics.
3,822 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 167.95
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Abstract
The paper provides an analysis of the liberalization of the banking industry in China, with a specific focus on whether antitrust policy has been successful in the region and how it has impacted other macroeconomic factors in China. The paper explores economic policy related to government policy, liberalization policies or rules and the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the liberalization efforts in the Chinese banking industry.
Outline:
Introduction
World Trade Organization and Liberalization Policies: How is the Chinese Banking Industry Affected?
Historical Structure of the Chinese Banking Sector
Why Liberalize the Banking Sector? A Critical Economic Analysis
Forms of Liberalization in the Banking Sector: Formal Changes in China
Liberalization of the Banking Industry in China: Was it Successful?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Liberalization is a process of enhancing collective measures to integrate economies, not only via goods and services but via governance, investment, trade, and aid. As liberalization has progressed, it is clear that the most advanced countries have gained the most from the integration of economies; as such there is a widening gap between developed/advanced countries and developing/underdeveloped countries. Does liberalization favor high-income countries to low-income countries? The coffee industry highlights a common problem with many agricultural products that are marketed within developed regions - impoverished societies characterized poor development trends with a final product that is booming in the industry."
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Privatization in China, 2008.
This paper explores worker resistance to privatization in the state-owned sector of the Chinese economy.
2,056 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper examines why individuals working within state-owned enterprises in China have not relented in their resistance to privatization.
Specifically, the paper discusses fears about job loss, the elimination of traditional job benefits and the general cynicism felt by many when looking at Beijing's efforts to carry out major economic reforms. The paper also examines the productivity of the country's state-owned enterprises and the social inequalities that privatization has created or aggravated. The paper concludes that there are many compelling reasons why so many individuals within China's remaining state-owned firms are unhappy with privatization.
From the Paper
"To start with, state employees are unhappy about privatization because of what it means for their long-term future. For many decades prior to the advent of the contemporary privatization phenomenon in China, state workers could expect to receive from SOEs or state-owned enterprises lifetime employment, free health care, respectable (even enviable) pensions, and inexpensive housing. In more recent years, as the privatization and "marketization" measures of Beijing have been felt in more and more quarters, responsibility for welfare provision have increasingly shifted to individuals and to communities (Gu, 129). Understandably, this new burden is not exactly embraced by workers who, whatever benefits they received in the past terms of job security and in terms of attendant benefits, were not extravagantly recompensed for their time and effort."
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The Asian Values Debate, 2008.
Looks at Asian values as they apply in the debate of political freedom vs. political power.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that at the center of the Asian values debate is the contention by its proponents that the cultural and social fabric of many of East Asia's and Southeast Asia's societies are radically different than many of those found in the West and therefore cannot support the Western values and ideologies founded upon liberal democracy and human rights. The paper then points out that the alternative Asian paradigm envisions a benign but autocratic type of government, which makes decisions based on the collective good as a way to promote social harmony, such as Communist China. The paper then describes Asian values and how they apply to issues of freedom and power.
Table of Contents:
Overview
What are Asian Values?
The Politicization of Values
Political Freedom or Power
From the Paper
"The inverse argument to the Asian values debate is that while many might concede that there is a legitimate rationale to this viewpoint, it in no way substantiates the claim that liberal democracy's ideals are somehow invalid. Mahbubanin tends to argue that Asian values are not only a sound alternative but a legitimate moral philosophy that in certain respects is less strident that liberal democracy and even more rational in some cases when he observes that the free press in most liberal democracies is in fact not such a free press after all"
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American Business Culture in Japan, 2008.
A look at the professional and work related customs and practices relevant to an American working in Japan.
1,556 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, AU$ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses workplace and organizational culture as it would be experienced by an American company operating in Japan. The paper also examines the unique experiences to which an American employee working in Japan would be exposed to vis-a-vis workplace culture and practices. The paper recommends the acquisition of some deeper cross-cultural communication skills that extend beyond the workplace.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Negotiation & Culture
Physical Space & Time in the Workplace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For an American firm operating in Japan there are many considerations that must be made beyond the operational level. Perhaps the most important are at the organizational level where customs, culture, and host-national considerations must be made. This is because the subject of intercultural communication has become not just a politically correct topic in today's increasingly diverse societies, but a matter of necessity given the spread of the global economy and the degree of economic integration which finds companies now moving into foreign countries such as Japan where the Asian culture and work ethic becomes a vital consideration."
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