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Japanese Culture Influenced by Sport, 2006.
An examination of the influence American sport has on Japanese culture.
1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the similarities between Sumo wrestling, martial arts and baseball. The writer notes that one of the influences on the Japanese culture is in connection with cheering. The writer details similarities and differences between Japanese and American sports events. The writer explains that the Japanese, who are usually more staid than Americans, cheer quite boisterously at sports events. In conclusion the writer states that American sports have influenced Japanese culture in all areas, including in the business culture, which is seen in the use of brand promotions at sports events.
From the Paper
"One example of the way American sports has influenced Japanese social forms is the way Japanese fans participate in cheering. The Japanese are generally courteous and take care not to embarrass a person before a group. They are especially polite when greeting strangers, and are slow to express their feelings to outsiders. However, none of these customs are evident in cheering at a sports event. "As such, the game here is slower paced and more strategic in Japan than its American forerunner. Also, Japanese teams revolve around their managers, who put their players through rigorous practice routines and spend a lot of time on the field during games in strategy sessions. Finally, baseball in Japan is more of a collective enterprise, and players don't receive the same attention and adulation that their colleagues in the United States enjoy."
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Japan's Nuclear Capabilities, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines not only whether Japan has the capability to create nuclear weapons but whether or not Japan already has these actual weapons.
6,555 words (approx. 26.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, AU$ 241.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper explores the sometimes fragile alliance between Japan and the U.S. and ponders whether or not Japan is capable, from a technical standpoint, of creating nuclear weapons. This paper delves into the possibility that Japan may already have nuclear weapons in its possession. A large number of Japanese citizens and successive governments have favored continuing the alliance with the U. S. which involves enormous reliance on American security and military power to protect Japan from attack. This paper defines article 9, the renunciation of war, of Japan's Peace Constitution. The writer also discusses the economic benefits in developing and maintaining nuclear weapons. This well-researched and informative paper considers some of the means Japan could employ to gain greater military autonomy which includes completing the development and production of advanced weapons such as the FSX fighter. This paper also discusses the various groups and parties that oppose nuclear weapons including the Japan Council against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs.
From the Paper
"Considering that the huge military-industrial complex of United States is an often-criticized force in the American economy and that maintaining a similarly high level of expenditures on weapons was a critical factor leading to the economic and political failure of the former Soviet Union, many in Japan are understandably content not to have a defense industry of a comparable magnitude. But there are some Japanese willing, and even eager, to duplicate or surpass American state-of-the-art military technology. Those who wish to see Japan more independent of reliance on the American power, who believe Japan's future is dependent on an autonomous defense establishment, favor the concept of Kokusanka or, indigenization of defense production."
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The Lion Dance, 2005.
This paper describes the Chinese Lion Dance.
2,080 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, AU$ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Lion Dancing is a unique art form from China traditionally thought to bring happiness, good luck, prosperity and longevity. The author points out that the Lion Dance is performed during celebrations such as the Chinese New Year and the August Moon Festival and at grand openings of restaurants, martial arts school and other businesses. The paper relates that it might have originated during the Tang dynasty (618-907 AD) when, according to legend, the emperor dreamt he was attacked by demons but was saved by a mysterious creature, a lion.
Table of Contents:
Lion Dancing and Revolution
Elements of Lion Dancing
Lion Dancing Routines
Choi Chiang "Get the Green"
From the Paper
"Lion dancing has long been associated with kung fu, an association that dates back to the Ching dynasty, when revolutionary martial artists used the dance as a secret means of communication. Under the guise of celebration, revolutionary martial artists traveled from village to village performing the lion dance. As part of the routine the dancing lion woould eat lettuce which often contained money and information hidden within its leaves. In revolutionary days, the dancer holding the lion's head would cry out choi ching ("get the Ching") to signal that he was a fellow revolutionary and could receive secret messages. Of course, any Ching informers present would know the dancer's intention upon hearing the battlecry. Since ching was very close in sound to chiang (meaning green, as in lettuce and money), the lion dancer's password became choi chiang or "get the green.""
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"Big Business, Strong State", 2005.
This paper reviews Eun Mee Kim's "Big Business, Strong State", which analyzes the influences involved in South Korean economic development from 1960 to 1990.
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many scholars consider the "rags-to-riches" turn-around of the South Korean economy as a marvel especially when compared with other countries such as those in Latin America; thereby, various theories have been proposed to explain this success. The author points out that Eun Mee Kim in "Big Business, Strong State" argues that the rapid economic growth was not due to a static "South Korean model", which was based on the constant strength of either the government or business, but rather a collusion between the state and the chaebol, the large family-owned and managed businesses. The paper relates that Kim's thesis regarding the relationship between the chaebol and the state is weak, dismissing too easily the possibility that the chaebol's influence was actually stronger in the beginning of this economic development than stated.
From the Paper
"Beginning with General Park Chung Hee's military coup in 1961, Kim argues that the state took on an authoritarian control over South Korea, launching an aggressive economic campaign called the Five-Year Economic Development Plan (EDP). The EDP focused on transforming the economy from agriculture to industry, mercantile to manufacturing, and production for domestic use to exportation. Park targeted the chaebol specifically rather than establishing state-owned enterprises or supporting small or medium-sized businesses. As Kim contends, the idea being here that growth would be faster if the state encouraged the big businesses to expand into export-oriented arenas. Via strong-arm tactics, economic sanctions involving low-interest-rate loans to successful exporters, internationalization, and colonial legacy, the chaebol became a model for other businesses in South Korea that would, according to Kim, eventually grow beyond the state's control."
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Asian-American Immigrants and Gangs, 2006.
A look at why Asian-American immigrants become gang members.
2,533 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, AU$ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of Asian-American gangs in the United States and attempts to explain why many Asian youths that have immigrated to the United States become gang members. The paper looks at the socio-economic reasons and the cultural reasons as well as the Asian mentality that makes gang life appear attractive to Asian youth and then takes a look at certain aspects of gang life including attitudes, subcultures and fighting between different Asian groups.
From the Paper
"When one wonders why Asian-American young people become gang members, they might want to listen to Vietnamese observer Le Xuan Kho. He suggests that Asian-Americans refugees share a common tendency, after coming to America. They like, he says, to cluster together and form community organizations. "[This] can be traced back to a traditional pattern common to all agrarian societies in Southeast Asia," Le says. (Cassidy)"
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Japan's New Woman, 2006.
This paper explores the recent trend of Japanese women who flock to Hong Kong for more desirable employment opportunities, better pay and an improved quality of life.
1,968 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the escalating influx of Japanese women who move to Hong Kong seeking not only better pay but also an escape from the so-called glass ceiling at home as well as a new lifestyle. The desire to work in Hong Kong began in the early 1990s when Japan's economic slowdown began and countless women found themselves unemployed. This paper discusses the traditional female roles in Japanese culture and the numerous strides women have made over the years in a male dominated society.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Japanese Women and Their Environment
Japanese Women and Their Traditional Roles
Inequality in Japanese Society: Tradition
Inequality in Japanese Society: Today
Footnotes
From the Paper
"Working in Hong Kong is also a way out for women frustrated by Japan's notorious male-dominated corporate culture. "Japanese women who have studied abroad and achieved a command of English hope to use it in their careers, but they find that overwhelmingly Japanese companies only give foreign postings to male employees," Nakase said. Japanese job seekers with work experience and basic clerical skills find strong demand from Japanese firms that seek to save money by hiring locally and which find Japanese workers easier to communicate with than local Hong Kong staff. Jobs on offer are typically clerical, with more challenging opportunities -- and better pay -- offered to those with good computer skills or command of English or Chinese."
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Foot Binding: A Custom Becomes a Metaphor, 2006.
A study of the Chinese custom of foot binding as it appears in literature and film.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, AU$ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the ancient Chinese custom of foot binding. The paper details the history of this ritual and the socio-cultural role it played in Chinese society. Then the paper turns to an analysis of the metaphoric significance of foot binding in literature and on film. Works studied include the James Michener epic novel "Hawaii" and the film "The Hawaiians", which is based on the novel and the film "The Inn of the Sixth Happiness".
From the Paper
"James Michener explored the Chinese culture in his epic novel Hawaii, which was made into two films, the second of which, The Hawaiians, dealt with the Chinese woman Char Nyuk Tsin, and her husband, Kee Mun Ki. While the practice of foot binding is never a central theme or issue of either the novel or the film, it is an underlying element in the plot structure and character development. Char Nyuk Tsin is a peasant woman of Hakka, a mountain village that traditionally does not bind the feet of their women, since they are required to carry heavy loads up and down steep and rocky terrain. A rival neighboring village practices the custom, considering it a mark of ignorance that their neighbors leave their women's feet to grow naturally.When the Chinese are imported to Hawaii to work in the fields, the first women allowed on the islands are the women with strong, unbound feet. Chinese women with bound feet are not among the early Chinese allowed to relocate in the Hawaiian Islands, since their usefulness as laborers is limited."
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Japanese Women in the Workforce, 2006.
Addresses historical trends in women's work and wages in Japan and closes with prospects for the future.
1,895 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the changing nature of women's employment in Japan. The paper examines traditional roles of Japanese society, traditional societal attitudes about the role of women in Japan and how Japanese women themselves have largely seen their role in society. The paper also examines how, slowly, these roles and attitudes are changing and looks at the factors that have contributed to these changes. The paper concludes with a look at what Japanese women and society can do to help promote the prospects of women in the future.
From the Paper
"As the female share of the labor force rises, the labor force overall may appear to respond less flexibly to changes in aggregate demand, and Japan may witness an initial slowing of productivity growth, since many of the women who enter the labor force will have less experience and training than their male counterparts. The male-female wage gap has recently begun to widen, partly as a result of the changing composition of the female labor force. However, as more and more women become permanently attached to the workforce, increases will probably occur both in their productivity and in their relative wages."
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Lady Murasaki's "Court Diary", 2005.
This paper reviews Lady Murasaki's "Court Diary", a lady in waiting in the court of the Japanese court from 1007 to 1010 A.D., which discusses the social and cultural influence of Confucianism and Buddhism on ancient Japan.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 0 sources, AU$ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Lady Murasaki wrote her "Court Diary during the period in which Bushido was a code and way of life for Samurai men and was influenced by Zen and Confucianism. The author points out that in Lady Murasaki's "Court Diary", it is obvious that Buddhism and Buddhist metaphysics are very much a part of Japanese court life; however, what is not so obvious is that Chinese Confucianism also had become part of 10th century Japan's Imperial court. The paper relates that the notion of impermanence is an extremely salient characteristic throughout the Diary; she writes that all things are ephemeral, reflecting on the aesthetics of the period, which were based on the beauty of impermanence.
From the Paper
"Confucianism influenced the Chinese attitude toward life, set the patterns of living and standards of social value, and provided the background for Chinese political theories and institutions. It eventually spread from China to Korea, from Korea to Japan where it was first brought to around the fifth century. Confucius had a great impact on the Japanese civilization. His teachings relating to ethics, honor, social responsibility, familial obligations, ancestor worship, and observation of rites and historical precedence provide the glue that gives the Japanese civilization continuity and durability."
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Revolutionary Changes in China, 2006.
An examination of the cyclic changes in the history of the Chinese.
1,486 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the history of China with specific reference to the cultural revolution. The writer compares China today with the cycles of Chinese history in order to judge the extent to which each cycle has an influence on China today. The writer discusses communism in mainland China. The writer explains that in China today, capitalism seems to have taken the place of communism. The paper cites examples of the capitalist way in which China now operates. In conclusion, the writer states that societies all over the world now realize the failures of the communist system and that all communist countries are essentially following the same path.
Table of Contents:
Thesis Statement
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The land held by the feudal lords and some very rich farmers were confiscated by the government. The rural markets were made more useful as the farmers and artisans began to control the items that they produced and could bring the same into the market for sale. As a result the hunger and malnutrition in China dropped sharply. The feudal lords and their lackeys did not have any role in the agricultural production but used to siphon off the surplus, or even the main productions for the purpose of their rich living styles. They had been the main exploiters of the rural farmers. Apart from this there was a lot of freedom for the women. This had happened due to the fact that the Communists had sent a lot of women to work in the villages to weaken the hold of the rural landlords on the working of the women in the villages. The government also passed a number of laws that gave the women the right town property and the right to divorce their abusive husbands. (The Structure of a Post-Revolutionary Economic Transformation)"
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Labor Practices Within the Nike Corporation, 2006.
This paper examines the questionable labor practices and sub-standard working conditions in various Asian countries that produce the Nike Corporation's products.
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various investigations by different sources into rumored unfair labor practices by sports equipment manufacturer Nike. This paper details the results of the investigations which revealed the same pattern of problems in various Nike production plants in Asia. The writer of this paper compares Nike's labor practices to those of other factories in Asia. This paper also contains strategic solutions to improving the current working conditions of the laborers employed in these same plants.
Outline
Introduction
Working Conditions
Long Working Hours
"Wages May Be Low, But People Want These Jobs"
Evaluation
Bibliography
From the Paper
"It is true that workers in shoe factories in Indonesia enjoy conditions which are better than those in many other industries, and for some, better than those at home in the village. And the jobs are sought after. But what this means is that, while things may be bad in these factories, they are even worse elsewhere - especially for the unemployed. For despite the increase in the number of factory jobs in Indonesia, unemployment among 20 to 24 years old is still very high. The people who work in these factories have not, as the quote above implies, been drawn away from subsistence agriculture by better incomes in manufacturing."
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The Traditional Chinese Family, 2006.
A comparative review of the two books "Family" by Pa Chin and "The Story of the Stone" by Cao Xueqin, which examine the Chinese family in two different eras (the early 20th and 18th centuries, respectively).
1,619 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the two novels, and explains what they each have to say about several different aspects of Chinese family life in their respective eras. The paper contrasts the attitudes described by the novels and demonstrates both similarities and differences in Chinese culture over a century and a half of transition. In conclusion, the writer finds that both novels do an excellent job of educating us about the Chinese culture, as well as entertaining and enlightening us.
Table of Contents:
The Status of Women
Confucianism
Change
Conclusion
Works Reviewed
From the Paper
"The situation of the woman became forged on the Confucian principle of total subordination and submission to the man. Confucian philosophy emphasized the lowly role of the woman. Many rich daughters would be made to study only the parts of Confucius that dictated the total submission to the male of the family. They were kept totally unaware and dependent on their father, then on their husband. Although women's roles varied, all were subservient. As a peasant wife a woman worked both in the house and in the fields. She could be a household slave. She could be a prostitute, or a concubine serving only her master's pleasure. Finally, she could be an upper class wife, with servants to wait on her and do the housework. Rich or poor, if she is a wife, her principal function is to bear sons."
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Post War Korea, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines the political and economic climate of post WWII Korea, focusing on 1961 to the present.
2,415 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, AU$ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the political and economic achievements of Korea from 1961 to the present. The writer of this paper details the culture, developing economy, living conditions and political system in Korea which was dominated by military regimes from 1961 - 1987. This paper also discusses Korea's leap from industrialization to a high-technology economy comparable to the U.S. and Japan.
Outline
Introduction
Korea Prior to the Asian Economic Downturn
Factors of Influence
The Culture
Infrastructure
The Living Standards
The Cold War
The Political System
Technology
The Role of Saving
Development of the Korean Economy
Resemblance to Japan's Model of Economic Development
Conclusion
Endnotes
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Both countries started their economic success with similar backgrounds. None of the countries have any natural resources and therefore have to rely heavily on imported raw materials. They have a Confucian background. They experienced an American influence due to the "occupations". The Americans also drew up their constitutional frameworks and land reforms. Again it was the Americans who were the main donators of aid to rebuild the countries after the World War II and the Korean War respectively and later was the main export market for their goods. However, by now Japan and Korea have diversified their export market."
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Japanese Tsunamis, 2006.
An explanation of and look at the history of Japanese tsunamis.
1,207 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, AU$ 66.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author starts with an in-depth description of what a tsunami is and how it is caused. The author clearly defines that a tsunami is not a tidal wave. He then goes on to focus on the tsunamis that have occurred off the coast of Japan and what devastation they have brought to the local population. The paper concludes with a look at modern geology and how it can be used to try and prevent further tsunami disasters or at least how populations can be pre-warned.
From the Paper
"The Okushiri tsunami demonstrates how Japan, and many other nations threatened by tsunamis, have started to try to deal with these potent natural phenomena. Survey teams, including experts from Japan and the United States, were on the scene within hours of the quake and tsunami. The American scientists were part of the U.S-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR). They took measurements and eyewitness testimony to document the exact nature and extent of the disaster"
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Japanese Railroad History, 2006.
Examines the history of Japan's railroad up until the modern day train system, called the Shinkansen.
5,437 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, AU$ 214.95
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Abstract
A look at the modern railway system of Japan presents a very impressive picture of technological development. Known today as the Shinkansen (translated to mean "new trunk line" or "new main line"), the record of the Japanese train system is amazing. The paper shows that since its induction in 1964, the Shinkansen has never had a passenger related fatality (meaning there has never been a major train wreckage which caused the deaths of passengers on board the train since its commencement in 1964). This is a remarkable achievement considering that it was one of the first modern railway systems to be built in the world. The paper shows that the safety and reliability of the Shinkansen bears a reflection of the Japanese culture and its people's desire for harmony and an ideal state.
From the Paper
"Soon after the Meiji Restoration, the new government initiated plans for Japan's railway system. One of the more influential leaders of that early period, Okubo Toshimichi, pushed for the direct involvement of the government in railway construction. He said that to industrialize Japan, "Industrial Initiatives" alone were not adequate. What was required, according to Toshimichi, was "the patronage and encouragement of the government and its officials" (Beasley 103-104). Early on, leaders in the Meiji government recognized the political and economic benefits of a railway. A strong military needed a railroad system, and the railway would strengthen the central government."
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Monsanto, Genetic Engineering and Indonesia, 2006.
Examines how the agricultural company, Monsanto, introduced genetic engineering (GE) to Indonesia.
3,857 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 19 sources, MLA, AU$ 169.95
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Abstract
Monsanto is a leading provider of agricultural products to farmers. This paper analyzes the company and then presents a definition of GE. The paper then discusses why and how genetic engineering was introduced to Indonesia by Monsanto.
Paper Outline:
What is Monsanto?
What is GE? What is GE Seed?
What is Monsanto's Background of Internationally Traded Genetically Engineered (GE) Seed?
What are the Regulations of GE Products in USA?
What are the Regulations and Laws of GE Products in Indonesia?
What is the Jurisdiction of US Law in International Trade?
What Does it Take to put a Product on the Market in Indonesia?
What did Monsanto do to put GE seed in Indonesia?
Did Monsanto Follow the Regulations?
What was the Response in Indonesia?
What was the Outcome of the Legal Process in the USA?
What are the Implications of this Case on the International GE Trade?
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In recent years, Indonesia has liberalized its trade regime and taken a number of important steps to reduce protection. Since 1996, the Indonesian Government has issued deregulation packages that have reduced overall tariff levels, simplified the tariff structure, removed restrictions, replaced non-tariff barriers with more transparent tariffs, and encouraged foreign and domestic private investment. The GOI issued a deregulation package in July 1997, which introduced additional tariff reductions."
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