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Social Control Theory, 2006.
An application of the social control theory to the aboriginal people of Canada and their rates of crime.
1,614 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 17 sources, APA, AU$ 84.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the ideas of various social control scholars and applies theories and perspectives to explain higher degrees of criminality amongst Canadian aboriginals. The paper shows how versions of social control theory explain higher degrees of criminality amongst native people with an emphasis on social inequality but highlights how other factors such as history and culture must also be fully appreciated. The paper asserts that mainstream social bonds along with traditional native culture must continue to develop together to deter aboriginal criminality.
Outline:
Introduction
Social Control Theory
Canada's Aboriginal Experiences Compared to Mainstream Society
Scholars' Perspectives
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Social control theory argues that those with weak bonds to societies' institutions are prone to criminal activity, specifically conventional crime. This paper examines scholars that studied various facets of social control theory and applies their findings to Canadian aboriginal societies. Considerable research suggests social control theorists are accurate in their theories that social bonds deter crime. An example of a society that has lost much of its social control is the aboriginal people of Canada."
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International Terrorism and Palestine, 2006.
This paper discusses the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) and its attempts to destroy Israel.
873 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the beginnings of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) from their bases in Jordan and Lebanon. The paper discusses how the PLO became an international terrorist organization and how its splinter organizations of Islamic Jihad, Hamas and Abu Nidal developed.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Growth of the PLO and International Terrorism
Karamah
Black September: PLO Terrorism Spreads to Europe
The Invasion of Lebanon
Abu Nidal: Origins, Structure, and Operations
Summary
From the Paper
"Israel truly has a strong military presence in the Middle East. This presence has been felt by Arab nations during various wars. The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) found that terrorist acts were the best means for attacking Israel. Under the leadership of Yasser Arafat, the PLO waged considerable attacks on Israel throughout the years. Israel fought back and weakened the PLO on numerous occasions. However, Arafat regrouped and obtained various allies such as German terrorists to bring the PLO to the forefront of international terrorism. This power has subsided with Arafat conducting peace talks; however, other terrorist groups have taken the place of the PLO."
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Juvenile Delinquency Theories, 2006.
This paper discusses social control theories and rational choice theory and examines whether the juvenile delinquency behavior is due to the environment and circumstances or whether such criminal activities are planned.
2,215 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 110.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is often argued that juveniles are victims of circumstances and bad environments. Further, the writer points out that it is said that they come from "broken homes", "dysfunctional families", and "deteriorated neighborhoods" lacking any "internal community support". The writer discusses the relevance of this theory with the "rational" choice theory that criminal behavior is a matter of personal choice. The writer examines the issue of whether youths engage in criminal activities due to their dysfunctional environments or whether they thoughtfully plan, organize and rationalize their criminal activity. Social control and rational choice theories are compared to determine whether youths are victims of their environments or they specifically choose criminal activity regardless of their upbringings.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Youth Development
Theories Examined
Social Control Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Social control theory can provide explanations to why the majority of incarcerated youths are from poor environments. The theory is criticized for not explaining why juveniles from stable positive environments commit crimes. The concept of white collar criminals is somewhat contrary to social control theories. Youths have risen from poverty, dysfunctional families, poor schooling, deteriorated neighborhoods and criminal peers to become well functioning productive members of society. An unstable difficult environment does not necessarily produce juvenile delinquency as social control theorists would suggest. Numerous negative factors do affect whether a child becomes prone to criminal activity but there are no solid rules or clear explanations."
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The Domination of Capitalism, 2008.
This paper explores why markets and marketing have overcome the socialist ideal.
2,567 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 19 sources, APA, AU$ 124.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the United States that was built on the principles of capitalism and at China and Cuba that support the socialist style of government. The paper then shows how countries such as Canada and Russia move their values and philosophies between capitalism and socialism in search of improved lifestyles for their citizens. The paper explores the reasons for changes in countries' ideologies, that include globalization and the changes in information technology.
Outline:
Introduction
Markets and Marketing
Socialism
Variations of capitalism and socialism
Reasons for variations of ideologies
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Markets and marketing are directly linked to capitalism and Adam Smith's 'laissez faire' philosophy. Entrepreneurial freedoms are promoted in capitalist states. The concepts of socialism demand more equality amongst citizens. This includes spreading wealth amongst all levels of society. There are no utopian states that fully embrace socialist or capitalist ideologies. Instead versions of each are demonstrated across the world; some mirroring closer to capitalism and others socialist values."
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SEC and Accountability, 2006.
This paper looks at the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), focusing on the issue of accountability.
2,229 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 13 sources, APA, AU$ 111.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that education and enforcement in the markets are the two primary global roles of the U.S. Securities Exchange Commission's (SEC) at the national level. The writer notes that a key vision of the SEC is to set the highest standards and be a model to other federal agencies. This vision is complemented with the pristine mission to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation. Working with numerous agencies the SEC has numerous roles that are discussed below emphasizing the importance of an effective and efficient regulator of the securities markets. This paper shows the SEC has adapted to market changes throughout the years. The writer concludes that market legislation is constantly evolving and only the SEC has the ability as the primary federal securities regulator to find the right balances in the U.S. economy to produce wealth and prosperity through investor confidence.
Outline:
Introduction
Priorities
How the SEC Was Created
The Four Divisions of the SEC
Agencies that Work with the SEC
Evolving Laws of the SEC
ENRON
Conclusion
From the Paper
"An utmost priority of the SEC is to maintain the integrity of the U.S. markets. Investors simply will not participate in an economy that allows fraud and corruption to prevail. Average citizens rely on investments for children's education, retirement and general savings necessities. A leading example is set by the SEC as the primary regulator of the U.S. securities markets. Creating common laws, regulations and procedures are vital roles.
"Trickle-down economics, a term used during the Reagan-Bush era coincided with deregulation and created havoc in the markets. Many businesses prospered however, regulatory bodies became ineffective due to the government's deregulating motives. Fraud, corruption, bankruptcies and other criminal acts forced the government to reconsider deregulation and give the SEC more strength. Regulation, deregulation, rules, laws and other principles are created, developed and modified by the SEC to protect the markets."
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Religion and Middle Eastern Terrorism, 2006.
This paper discusses terrorism in the Middle East and looks at different religious terrorist groups.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 47.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the Middle East is plagued with terrorist organizations and that religious terrorist groups succumb to strong fanatical beliefs that Jews and Western allies are satanic and must be abolished at all costs. The writer points out that this has forced peaceful nations to prepare for terrorist attacks from such groups such as al-Qaeda, Hizbollah, Hamas and the Islamic Jihad. The writer maintains that when examining the religion of Islam there are numerous similarities with western Christian beliefs; however, these terrorist groups have twisted the religion from peace to hatred. It is important for Western nations to understand these viewpoints to help establish public policy and military strategies. There is no doubt that the West is at war with various terrorist groups. Therefore it is critical to understand these groups and how they function. This paper examines religious terrorist groups such as Hamas, Hizbollah, al-Qaeda, and the Islamic Jihad. It discusses the hatred these groups have towards Israel and the West.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Two views of Islam and terrorism
The Iranian Revolution and Hizbollah's metamorphosis
The Islamic Jihad
Hamas
The rise of Osama Bin Ladin
Declaring war on the United States
Summary
From the Paper
"Osama Bin Ladin was a popular soldier in Afghanistan when at war with the Soviet Union. The Soviet retreat was a sign of God's power over Satan, and if God could bring down the Soviet Union through the work of the mujahadeen, other evil nations were doomed to destruction. After war with the Soviets, both Israel and the United States became prime targets for Osama Bin Ladin who is very popular with numerous Sunnis. This is ironic considering the United States CIA probably provided a great deal of resources to the armies fighting the Soviets such as the mujahadeen under Osama Bin Ladin. When the United States posted military personnel in Saudi Arabia, Osama Bin Ladin decided to attack."
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Lawyers and Money Laundering, 2006.
This paper explores the ethical dilemmas inherent in lawyers' rights to defend individuals and the need to protect society.
1,637 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, AU$ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the delicate balance between the sanctity of lawyer-client privilege and the need to protect society. The paper begins by defining money laundering and presenting examples of lawyers who have been involved in money laundering. The paper then explains why the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) views lawyers as potential "gatekeepers" of the money laundering process. Next, the paper discusses the sanctity of lawyer-client privileges. A discussion on law enforcement efforts to balance the rights of the individual vs. the protection of society then follows. The paper concludes that this ethical dilemma of the relationship between lawyers' right to defend individuals and organized crime involved in money laundering creates topical discussions with no clear answers.
Outline:
Introduction
Money Laundering Defined
Examples of Lawyers Involved in Money Laundering
FATF Describes Lawyers as "Gatekeepers"
Ethics and the Sanctity of Lawyer Client Privilege
Balancing the Rights of the Individual versus the Protection of Society
From the Paper
"Balancing the protection of society versus defending individual rights is an ethical dilemma that criminal defense lawyers may experience. This is especially enhanced when lawyers represent the interests of organized crime. Money laundering endangers the social economic fabric of society and is linked to serious crimes of violence, drug trafficking and terrorism. Legislation is designed to assist law enforcement with investigating and prosecuting crimes such as money laundering. However, legalities have been overcome by professionals such as accountants, bank managers, insurance agents and lawyers. These professionals viewed as potential "gatekeepers" of the money laundering process can easily become embroiled into facilitating the needs of organized crime, either unwittingly or knowingly."
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Mutating Forms of Terrorism, 2006.
This paper discusses different definitions and types of terrorism.
988 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that to understand terrorism, one may simply delve into its meaning, however, the term has changed throughout the years to have different meanings. Therefore, an examination of the various typologies of terrorism may help understand the concept better. Also, the writer points out that understanding the tactics used by terrorists can clarify its basic forms. The writer maintains that there has been an increase in media focus on terrorism for western society since the events of 9/11. The purposes of these events are complicated with no clear answers. In fact, defining the term terrorism is difficult for politicians, scholars and the military, especially since terrorism has changed over the years. The writer looks at the contexts of terrorism, definitions of terrorism and then discusses various typologies.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Contexts of Terrorism
Defining Terrorism
Typologies of Terrorism
Tactics of Terrorism
Summary
From the Paper
"The media can easily sensationalize acts of violence. By using the term terrorism they attract the attention of the public. Therefore, the media to simply gain viewers can overuse the term. The media can use criminal activity and refer to it as terrorist related. Except in times of conflict or government repression, all terrorism involves criminal activity. Usually innocent people are killed or seriously injured intentionally which carries criminal connotation throughout the world. In some countries government repression is done by terrorist modes to control the people. Saddam Hussein ruled Iraq through terror much like Joseph Stalin did in the Soviet Union. Religion usually plays a prominent role as groups feel they must purify the world with a cause that involves destruction to certain people. Religion like most other factors has changed the context of terrorism throughout the years."
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International Terrorist Groups, 2006.
This paper studies international terrorist groups focusing on the rise and fall of the left and right.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that social and political frustrations brought left-wing terrorists to the forefront of Europe after World War II. However, the writer notes that the political landscape basically made it more feasible for left-wing groups to join the democratic process rather than fight it. However, various right-wing groups evolved with their own agendas such as ethnic purification mirroring Hitler's philosophies. The writer discusses that unlike most of the left-wing groups, these radical right-wing terrorist groups still exist today throughout the world. The writer notes that there are many similarities between left-wing and right-wing terrorist organizations. This paper examines left-wing terrorism in Europe, the Japanese Red Army and neo-fascism groups that have existed to various degrees. Various trends and typologies are discussed noting the demise of most of these terrorist groups.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Left-Wing Terrorism in Europe
The Red Army Faction
The Demise of Other West European Terrorist Movements
The Japanese Red Army
Neo-Fascism Rejuvenates
Summary
From the Paper
" Hundreds of terrorist groups have been noted in Europe and throughout the world. There are common tactics that are adopted by these groups who mirror previous terrorist groups through various international training regimes. There is however, no terrorist conspiracy operating globally. Instead, these pockets of terrorist groups eventually dissolve as local authorities crack down as these groups lose public support. A trend of left-wing groups disappearing more than right-wing groups appears to be the norm as political pluralism removes the causes of the left-wing groups."
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Leadership as a set of Relationships, 2006.
An explanation of leadership and the influence leaders can have over their employees.
994 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how leadership can be seen as a set of relationships between the leader and the follower. In particular, the paper relates that the set of relationships that exist between the leader and followers include challenging; inspiring; enabling; modeling; and encouraging relationships. The paper examines these relationships and looks at how they influence an organization.
Outline:
Introduction
Leadership Defined
Challenging
Inspiring
Enabling
Modeling
Encouraging
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Leaders exist at all levels of society. Within an organization, the leader plays key roles amongst the followers. They are instrumental in assuring an organization meets its goals. The interactions between both leaders and followers help determine the success of an organization. A set of relationships exists between leaders and followers including; challenging; inspiring; enabling; modeling; and encouraging. These are examined and how they influence an organization."
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Violent Extremism in the United States, 2006.
The paper looks at different types of violent extremism found in the United States.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at extremism in the US and how it has developed as a result of religious and radical beliefs. Specifically, the writer begins with a discussion of right-wing history and then follows by studying modern extremism. Hate propaganda from William Pierce is viewed and the various criminal acts provided in the literature are discussed. The paper also views eco-terrorism, animal rights groups and finally Black Hebrew Israelites. The writer concludes that extremist groups follow religious conspiracy theories that brainwash their followers into taking arms and resisting federal norms.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
A Brief History of Right-Wing Extremism in the United States
Modern Right-Wing Resurgence
William Pierse's Blueprint for Revolution
Criminal Behavior Among Right-Wing Extremists
Eco-Terrorism and Animal Rights
Black Hebrew Israelites
Summary
From the Paper
" Religion and conspiracy theories influence right-wing extremist groups. Followers feel they are losing economic status because sinister forces are conspiring to swindle them out of the American dream. They are patriotic and have a passion for firearms. An example is the Idaho-based Aryan Nations, which is similar to the Ku Klux Klan. A few incidents within the United States brought extremism to the forefront. The Brady Bill brought proposed gun control legislation, which the extremists used to gain public support. Another issue was the killing of a white supremacist leader's son and pregnant wife by FBI snipers. Third, the events of Waco Texas where families were burned or shot to death under David Koresh's Branch Davidian complex when seized by the ATF."
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Origins of Middle Eastern Terrorism, 2006.
An examination of the origins of terrorism in the Middle East from the beginnings of Islam to the Crusades and Zionism.
1,353 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the origins of terrorism in the Middle East. It examines the Middle East and the major problems that have evolved there. Specifically, the paper examines Zionism in Palestine, the state of Israel, intra-Arab rivalries and revolutionary. It focuses on the history of terrorism from the beginnings of Islam to the Crusades and then Zionism.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
An introduction to the region
A synopsis of major problems
Three sources of Middle Eastern terrorism
Zionism in Palestine: 1914-1936
The birth of modern Israel
Intra-Arab rivalries
Shia Islam and revolutionary Iran
Summary
From the Paper
"Iran is unique in the Middle East. Iranians are not Arabs, and they practice a version of Islam somewhat different from orthodox practices (White, 2002). Shiites and Sunnis exist in Iran with conflicting beliefs, which has caused tension. The influence of the West has divided Iran changing it from pro-western to being at war with the West and the rest of the world ideologically (White, 2002). Various leaders of Iran have subjected the people to love and war to outsiders. For example, America looked on the Shah as a friend, never realizing the Iranians viewed America's actions as part of a long tradition of imperialism (White, 2002). Whereas, the Ayatollah Khomeini launched a holy war against the West and the traitors of Islam (White, 2002). Terrorism is used by Iran to fight their battles and powerful groups such as the Islamic Jihad and Hizbollah have evolved from Iran."
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Technological Terrorism, 2006.
An examination of weapons of mass destruction and how they can impact the energy and information technology sectors.
804 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines technological terrorism and their use of weapons of mass destruction. It discusses specific cases where the weapons have been used and the vulnerabilities of places in the United States if terrorists decided to attack. The paper specifically looks at the vulnerabilities that include the energy and information technology sectors.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Aum Shinrikyo
Technological Terrorism
U.S. Vulnerability to Technological Terrorism
The Threat of Nuclear Terrorism
Biological and Chemical Terrorism
Cyberterrorism
Summary
From the Paper
"The turn of the Millennium was quite uneventful in terms of problems with information technology. Various experts predicted catastrophes when the year 2000 arrived if computer systems were not updated to handle the time change. Whether this was a myth or the computer technicians did so well preparing for the Millennium is difficult to determine. Nevertheless, it raised awareness to the vulnerabilities of the information era. Cyberterrorists could shut down key institutions such as economic or energy delivering institutions. These could raise considerable fear, which in itself could prevent people from using their technology. Governments are aware of these issues and have addressed them to varying degrees."
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Investigating Terrorist Financing, 2006.
This paper argues that investigating terrorist financing should be a
priority in the war against terrorism.
1,842 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, AU$ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, to fight terrorism, we must make the investigation of terrorist financing a priority. In particular, the paper provides a literature review on the topic and highlights the need for international laws and legislation to deter terrorist financing. The paper also discusses informal financial networks with very few rules that can be regulated and controlled by states. The paper concludes with various recommendations in terms of assisting the international community with fighting the war on terrorism.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Literature
Summary of Findings
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"September 11th, 2001 has implanted images into people's minds across the world of needless death and destruction. Some of these images are of planes crashing into tall buildings that last only a brief couple of seconds. These moments took years of planning and a tremendous amount of logistical support. According to the FBI, the attacks cost between $303,672 and $500,000 to orchestrate (Levitt, 2002). A price cannot be placed on the destruction caused as thousands of lives were lost. However it is clear that billions of dollars of damage was committed and more money is needed for security, law enforcement and the military."
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The Origins of Modern Terrorism, 2006.
An examination of the origins of modern terrorism, focusing on the Enlightenment period.
886 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the historical origins of terrorism from the 1700s to the present. It discusses various revolutions including the Russian Revolution in order to provide perspective to the origins of terrorism. The paper specifically focuses on the era of the Enlightenment during the French and American Revolutions and describes how during this time extreme violence brought the term terrorism to be defined at another level.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Enlightenment, Revolution, and Terrorism
Class Revolution and Changing Meanings
Terrorism and the Role of Anarchists
Terrorism and the Russian Revolution
Old and New Terrorism
Summary
From the Paper
"The source of the terrorism the world knows today is from the era of the Enlightenment. When citizens fought for more rights against the ruling classes various forms of violence arose. Revolutions brought different types of terrorists from moderates to anarchists. The Russian revolution gave examples of revolutionaries rising to become terrorist leaders of the country. Today, the revolutions are not as dramatic; however, the terrorists have clearly become forces to be reckoned with waiting for opportunities to carry out their work."
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Religion and Terror, 2006.
This paper looks at the role of religion in terrorism today.
1,068 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, APA, AU$ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how religion is translated by terrorists to mean the killing of others. The paper focuses on eschatology and the process of demonization. The paper shows how terrorists have taken religions and used them to justify their destructive actions to society.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Logic of Religion and Terrorism
Huntington's Clash of Civilizations
Hoffman's Analysis of Religious Terrorism
Role of Eschatology
The Process of Demonization
Summary
From the Paper
"Most religions preach peace and harmony, not maiming and killing. Terrorists have taken radical and even peaceful religions and used them to justify their destructive actions to society. Interpretations of biblical scriptures become manifests for terrorists to use weapons of mass destruction. This is seen throughout the world where religious conflict exists. Degrading and demonizing other cultures to make them less worthy of living is influenced by religious beliefs to the point where these cultures must be destroyed before the final days."
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