Abstract
The paper begins with a description of the abolitionist movement. The role of white women in the movement is then discussed, including motivations for involvement, such as empathy with others considered second-class citizens, and personal relationships with slaves.

From the Paper
"During the 1800's when the anti-slave movement began the main champions for the ending of slavery other than slaves themselves were white women. White women sympathized and even helped slaves; one notable example was the Underground Railroad, where some white women risked their homes and possibly even their lives to help slaves escape to the North. Some white women stood side by side in full public view with slaves proudly demonstrating their support for the anti slavery movement. On the surface it would seem that white women and slaves would have very little if anything at all in common. However, such an assumption would be far from the truth. The abolitionist movement was about human suffering and human rights, the quest for justice, liberty, equality and freedom resounded within the hearts and minds of women who silently longed to be free themselves. While it was whites that enslaved Blacks, it was primarily white men who involved themselves in the business of buying and selling slaves, it was white men who owned the property and the land that the slaves toiled on day and night. At the same time, white women had few if any rights. White women felt as if the same shackles that bound the slaves bound them as well. The words orated by slaves who spoke of the yearning to be free also struck a cord among women. Women begin to take issue with slavery and later as history revealed women began to fight for freedom for themselves. It was the above-mentioned reasons that women were so attracted to the anti slavery movement, and pursued the cause with a vengeance."

Tags:black, inferiority, discrimination, equality, oppressor, Constitution, Chapman, Garrison, Philips, Kelly

Abstract
This paper analyzes the attributes that made Marilyn Monroe a cultural icon.

Abstract
This paper focuses on the historical personage of Ida B. Wells as displayed through secondary and primary reports, with special attention given to the public and social interconnection of her political goals.

From the Paper
"In her early life, a more personal attenuation can perhaps be attributed to the life of Ida B. Wells in terms of the absence of her standing within political organizations, but she was still very concerned with social networks from a young age, and showed herself to be unflagging in her efforts to advance the cause of black women everywhere through her
own individual example. Wells became an orphan at a young age but remained dedicated to education, and when her family was split up after a Yellow Fever epidemic in Mississippi, she fought to retain control of her siblings and keep her family together by getting a teaching position. This shows that family and togetherness were important to Wells from an early age; she did not profess individualism and the conviction that she would be able to "make it on her own" as an orphan, but instead struggled to keep her family network together by making personal sacrifices."

Tags:persecution, inequality, south, frederick, douglass, african, american, southern, horrors

Abstract
This paper studies Jane Addams the woman and her accomplishments. At her time, she was probably the most beloved woman in America. It details all her areas of progress including: founding a settlement house, educating, writing, labor advocate, and suffragist. She left a legacy of democratic values behind her and American democracy was at a loss. She had paved the path for women that are holding very high positions in corporations, as general counsels, vice-presidents and presidents.

From the Paper
"The world certainly did lose something with the death of Jane Addams, with her passing the world lost her fighting spirit and brutal loyalty to American democracy and social justice. But what she left behind was a paved road for women to follow her footsteps. She left a set of ideals in people's minds, she left a role model for little girls who wanted to grow up and change the world. Today and in our history, we have some of those women who fight for some of those same democratic values. Women who are both powerful and influential and make good use of their positions just as Jane did. Women like Eleanor Roosevelt who fought for some of the very same things Jane Addams did, such as democracy, women's rights, and children's education. Oprah Winfrey is another example of an influential role model for women today. She uses her talk show to reach millions and to pass on a message of peace and equality for everyone. Laura Bush continues to crusade for causes both political and social such as literacy, equality, and world hunger. Jane Addams created the foundation for these women to be able to do what they're doing; she showed us all how it's supposed to be done. "

Tags:Jane, Addams, World, War, America, woman, democracy, ideals, social, justice, fighting, spirit

Abstract
This paper examines Oprah Winfrey's leadership style, identifying her charisma and love for her audience as major factors in her success. It briefly discusses her professional and personal life and her special skills, including her ability to organize.

From the Paper
"In the list of the world's ranking mega-leaders there are few women. This is undoubtedly not for any lack of talent or leadership ability among women but more likely because the step between being a good leader and being a ..."

Tags:Oprah Winfrey, leadership, charismatic

Abstract
This paper examines the controversial life and work of Margaret Sanger, and her drive to provide women with an education regarding birth control. The author discusses Sanger's views on pregnancy, contraception, and the early beginnings of planned parenthood.

From the Paper
"The early twentieth century was a revolutionary turning point in American history. This was especially true regarding woman and their rights. During this time period, there was a tremendous amount of human suffering. Those who endured much of this were women. Although there were many women who made their mark on history during this time period, Margaret Sanger was among the most influential, yet controversial women of her time. Her work in creating what is today known as Planned Parenthood, and her avocations to legalize birth control, remain a controversy to this day. "

Tags:medicine, parenthood, planned, studies, women, abortion, new, york

Abstract
This paper presents a debate regarding the emphasis placed on Hildegard of Bingen's spirituality. The paper considers whether her spirituality was visual, theological, or both, and suggests that an understanding of Hildegard's spirituality can best be obtained from the perspective of the culture and society of the time in which she wrote. The paper also details her history, her visionary accounts, her art, and her early feminist work.

From the Paper
"Interest in Hildegard of Bingen has increased in recent times and especially interest in her role as visionary. Although Hildegard's spirituality was based on visions, it was the very fact that she believed these visions were of divine origin that allowed her to be led to God through them and thus achieve spiritual satisfaction. Therefore, Hildegard's spirituality did not give any more emphasis to either the visual or theological, but rather accepted a combination of both as each was dependent on the other for completion. It is also important to remember that religious writers such as Hildegard were often affected by the contemporaneous issues which surrounded them and they sought to address these issues in their writing. Thus, for a comprehensive reading of Hildegard's spirituality, visions and theology, her work must be viewed through the culture and society of the time in which she wrote."

Tags:bingen, hildegard, spirituality, visionary

Abstract
This research examines the life, work and legacy of Dorothea Elizabeth Orem, a nursing theorist whose ideas emerged in the 1950s, exerting a great deal of influence on nursing education and practice. This paper analyzes Orem's theory, also known as the self-care deficit theory of nursing (SCDT).

From the Paper
"Based on the assessment, the nurse may provide different degrees of "compensation" for the individual patient's "deficits" or relative inability to care for himself/herself(Orem, 1985). The theory is consistent with notions of wellness, preventive intervention, and patient empowerment that have been observed to foster recovery in a variety of venues and with a variety of illnesses (Shea, 1992; Neergaard, 1990)."

Tags:Providence, health, deviation

Abstract
This paper details the state of nursing up until the mid nineteenth century and gives a history of the life of Florence Nightingale. The paper explains her contribution to the development of nursing theory and its application to nursing practice. It shows how she raised nursing to the level of a medical profession with high standards of education and important responsibilities. The paper also explains her promotion of public health care systems.

From the Paper
"Nurses, until the mid nineteenth century, were usually volunteers (often men and women belonging to various religious orders) with little or no training. As late as the end of the 18th century nursing was considered an unsuitable occupation for "proper" young women, partially due to the fact that hospitals in those days were dirty and unhygienic places where patients invariably died. As a result, nursing care was commonly provided by persons who had been imprisoned for drunkenness or who could not find work elsewhere."

Tags:hospital, war, nurse, theory, education

Abstract
This paper attempts to deconstruct and expose the inherent patriarchal ideologies in Freud's psychoanalysis of his famous patient, "Dora". The basis of Freud's psychoanalytic theories revolved around sexuality, and his account of her "madness" condemns her sexuality and dismisses all feminine sexuality. This is a feminist critique of Freud's theories, in general, and specifically, in regards to his comments on the case of "Dora", which attempt to expose the unconscious assumptions that Freud saw in everyone else but himself. The contention of this paper is thus that the society and culture and gender of an individual directly influences his or her perception and interpretation of another individual, and thus Freud, as a privileged, white man in a patriarchal society, could never hope to help or analyze "Dora" accurately.

From the Paper
"For Dr Sigmund Freud the case analysis of "Dora" signified the possibility of proclaiming a marriage between dream analysis and psychoanalysis to the psychoanalytic community (Freud, 1901/1905: 44ff.). Yet it was never the woman in analysis who was of importance for either Freud or the psychoanalytic community. Ida Bauer was never important and nor was her Symbolic representation, Dora. Indeed all the women within Dora's case are characterized as "nothing," no woman is important (Gallop, 1985: 216). It might be argued that we can never truly know the content of Ida's "nothingness" because Dora was Freud's invention, his interpretation, biases and desires postured onto her feminine form (Geargear, 1985: 177). However we need not know Ida's real life story as Freud's narration of her is more indicative of Ida's status as a woman within a patriarchal society than any autobiographical account could ever have been. Thus Dora becomes a fluid character who need not claim a "real" identity or to be set in an historical moment for she exceeds Ida and is instead the transcendent woman; her hysteria is every woman's hysteria."

Tags:bauer, ida, irigaray, lacanian, oedipal