Abstract
This paper outlines the historic association between women and depression and highlights society's proclivity to believe women are more susceptible to mental illness due to their hormones. It argues, however, that women are more likely than men to experience depression and mental illness due to their social and political stance within society; that is, women are more likely to be depressed because, in a patriarchal society, they have "more to be depressed about". It covers physical and sexual violence, gendered economics, family 'responsibilities' of women, and the gendered implications of female embodiment.

Outline
Women and Mental Illness: From Hysteria to Depression
The View from the Bottom Rung of the Gender Hierarchy
Physical and Sexual Violence
Cultural Implications of Female Embodiment on Economic (In)Dependence
Family Caring Responsibilities
Damned if They Do and Damned if They Don?t: the Feminine Gender Role

From the Paper
"The connection between women and mental illness is a long and, in many ways, inseparable one. Historically, in our cultural myths, it is women who are "mad" or drive men to "madness" "spinsters, crones, and witches are all depicted as slightly mad, while the Furies and the oceanic Sirens are supposed harbingers of madness. Let us not forget either that it was the first woman, Eve, who brought both literal and symbolic madness, in the form of disharmony and evil, to "man-kind." The extensive medical history between women and mental illness begins in recorded history, not surprisingly, as intricately bound up with that which defines them as "other" their biology. Four thousand years ago the Egyptian "Kahun Papyrus" associated female distress with the "dislocation... of the uterus." Fifteen hundred years later, Hippocrates described the female disease "hysteron" caused by an organic imbalance of the womb, and thus the female "hysteric" was born. By the seventeenth century C.E., dominant medical discourse had relocated the site of women's mental illness from the womb to the brain, and hysteria became a disease of the mind."

Tags:feminism, gender, health, marginalisation, mental, oppression

Abstract
The paper draws comparisons between "Persuasion's" Anne Elliot's romantic struggles and that of the author, Jane Austen, suggesting that nearing the end of her life, the author was reflecting on how her own life may have eventuated had she married the man from her youth, instead of remaining single. The author examines other relationships in the novel and how those relationships represent the alternative fates Anne may have suffered had she not gained the strength to take an active role and marry for love.

From the Paper:

"Jane Austen's final novel, "Persuasion," is an insightful portrayal of the challenges faced by women in the 1800s. The story seen through the eyes of the heroine, Anne Elliot, gives readers an impression of the influence that nineteenth century society could have on a woman's fate, had she not the strength to resist. Anne Elliot's character changes from passive to active over the course of the novel. It is in this way that she avoids the alternative fates dramatized for her by other women in the novel and ironically, by Jane Austen herself."

Tags:feminism, journey, life, love, marriage, persuasion, power, relationships, wentworth

Abstract
This paper explains that Cavendish wrote "The Blazing World" about a quasi-Utopian society in the England of the 1600s. The paper states that Cavendish's novel reflects her own personal religious, spiritual and scientific concerns and her dislike of the oppression to women, which represented the age in which she wrote. The author believes that Cavendish as an author clearly strives to place herself intellectually, scientifically and spiritually with Plato and Descartes, perhaps not on a level of equality, but in the tradition of a philosopher and a seeker of knowledge.

From the Paper
"Cavendish first set the "stage" of her drama within the realistic fabric of English society to create a sense of verisimilitude, of a correspondence between this scientific and spiritual future the historical, realistic present in which her contemporary reader was likely to dwell. Her location of her world in her present also enabled the reader to make parallels between the social reality of the present and the social reality of the past, and trust more completely in the author's insistence upon the importance of the alternate, social reality of The Blazing World. The author's choice of names actually enables her real-life persona to intrude into her own work, as Margaret the First is a character in the book. The author also encroaches into her own narrative by including an account of her own husband's misfortunes during the English Civil War."

Tags:utopia, religion, science, england, society

Abstract
This paper uses a letter written by Martha Burk of the National Council of Women's Organizations to the private Augusta National Golf Club protesting that no women members are allowed in the club. This letter is the starting point for the author's argument that membership organizations can limit applicants on the basis of gender. The author counter argues that, if the objective of forcing the club to allow women members is supposed to improve the plight of working women in general, most of the arguments of Ms. Burk and her supporters appear to have little or no merit. This paper presents many arguments including that Augusta National has a clear legal right to exclude women from membership, citing the Supreme Court's case, "Boy Scouts of America v. Dale".

Table of Contents
Introduction
Martha Burk's Arguments
Counter Arguments
Position of Golfers
Arguments in Favor of Augusta National's Position
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Adding women members to the Augusta National membership list will not improve the pay and opportunities for women in this country. While the club is composed of wealthy, influential people, it is a miniscule portion of society. Unless one is at least a casual golf fan, the Masters, the Augusta National Golf Club and its policies mean little or nothing to the average person. Ms. Burk and her supporters have failed to show that allowing women to join the club will help a significant number of women. They have simply made the unsupported gratuitous statement that it will. Actually, Ms. Burk and her organization would probably have a greater impact on more people by focusing on integrating small-town clubs that exclude people on the same basis as Augusta National does. But, of course, there would be no media attention from doing that."

Tags:private, elitist, business, discrimination, constitution

Abstract
This paper examines how, as more and more women enter the workforce and play more important roles, the workplace diversifies, which in turn, influences human behaviors. It looks at how gender difference in managerial communication attracts attention from scholars and professionals and how continuous research has been done on gender differences and was trichotomized according to the emphasis it is given: gender disparity; technical communication; and managerial communication.

Outline
Introduction
Research Background
Gender Disparity at Work: The Most Salient, Notorious and Stubborn Difference
Gender Difference in Technical Communication
Gender Difference in Managerial Communication
Real-World Significant Gender Differences and According Recommendations
Overrater vs. Underrater: 360-Degree Feedback to be Included for Performance Appraisal
Rapport Talk vs. Report Talk
Interruptions
Gender Stereotypes: Perception and Evaluation
Nonverbal Communications
Expansion and Conclusion
Reference

From the Paper
"Research about gender difference and feminism in technical communication can be traced back to 1989 when Mary Lay published her well reviewed article "Interpersonal Conflict in Collaborative Writing: What We Can Learn from Gender Studies." Since this was the first attempt in this field, she based her research on many other disciplines including social psychology, philosophy, linguistics, composition and rhetoric and managerial communication, etc. Since then research in gender difference in technical communication has gained momentum. Loads of articles were published."

Tags:communication, disparity, interruption, nonverbal, rapport, report, stereotypes

Abstract
This essay explores the disproportionate number of witchcraft accusations leveled against women during the European witch hunts. It posits that this gender imbalance is directly linked to the patriarchal nature of society by examining the definitional power of men and the subsequent perception of women. Using Jungian/ Lacanian understandings of the 'shadow' and Other, this piece has as its underlying contention that it is women's lack of power to define themselves within a patriarchal society that has led men to project their fear of self onto a woman, indeed all women, and term her 'witch'.

From the Paper
"The identity of "woman" as it was perceived in early modern times can be further seen as a man-made myth upon closer examination of the nature of patriarchy. Man attempted to label, categorize, map and understand women, and do so with the use of male terms, but because patriarchy is a relational construct such attempts only reinforce for men that "woman" is not "man," she is "Other." And in this position as Other, women will always retain some element of mystery, of hidden depths and secret knowledge, never greater than man, but always promising more than he is capable of comprehending. It is the impossibility of exact male knowledge that creates for man the opportunity to map his own meaning upon this depth of Otherness."

Tags:jung, lacan, patriarchy

Abstract
The feminism movement may have liberated women, giving them equal opportunities and rights as men, but with these positives there have also been many negative effects. This paper looks at how a breakdown in family values has caused countless problems with our youth and how an increase in contraceptive technology has destroyed the social class balance and made sexual activity in our youth run rampart. It also discusses how an abolishment of gender roles is causing confusion among men and causes more violence against women. It attempts to show how the feminism movement has ultimately put far to much responsibility on females.

From the Paper
"One of the more obvious negative effects of feminism has been the almost complete destruction of gender roles. With the movement working to abolish the female stereotype, the male stereotype is being abolished with it. Just as females are no longer expected to act caring, fragile and motherly, males are no longer expected to behave tough, masculine and fatherly. This is resulting in a breakdown between the distinction of male and female roles. This trend has even gone as far as to have the acting out of traditional gender roles as almost taboo. For instance a female high school student who wishes to grow up, get married and stay at home would almost certainly be frowned upon. However, as Fitzgerald (2004) explained "the truth is, men are supposed to be men and women are supposed to be women."

Tags:equality, gender, masculinity, roles, sex, sexism, sexist, war

Abstract
This paper examines what it believes is the appalling plight of women within the Islamic world and reveals that it is not the religion of Islam itself that is suppressing women's rights. It also explores the issue of whether or not the West should intervene in the emancipation of Islamic women. The paper explores the issues of marriage, women's right to work, abuse and rape, modesty and genital mutilation.

From the Paper
"Muslim women worldwide are being suppressed under the guise of the teachings of Islam. The status of the modern-day Islamic woman is truly appalling; a plight of ruthless oppression and denial of universal human rights. However this subjugation of Muslim women to sub-human standing is in direct conflict with the Qu'ranic Laws the Islamic equivalent of the Holy Bible and the foundation of the religion. Instead, what is now prevalent is an incorrect, monolithic interpretation of Islam that is fundamentally oppressive and patriarchical. As such the attention of the West " despite Colonialism's damaging legacy " should now be centered on the emancipation of Islamic women."

Tags:equality, gender, hijab, muslim, oppression, orientalism, polygamy, suppression

Abstract
The writer discusses sexual symbolism, human behavior and foreshadowing in these short stories. The paper explores the impact sexuality had on society, and the ways in which society affected women in relation to sexuality.

From the Paper
"Almost to the end of the text her mysterious feeling of Bliss, for which she finds no outlet, drives Bertha. Mansfield explains this Bliss to the reader through the nature of Berthas actions, Bertha transfers her energy from arranging fruit, to tending her daughter but neither creative nor motherly actions can relieve her. Her duties as mother, housewife and decorator are not enough to fulfill her. Signs of sexuality materialize in this scene. The bowl of fruit sits full and ripe, "stained" with pink as a symbol of fertility as well as temptation. The grapes still covered in bloom remain untouched, as Bertha is sexually unawakened. Bertha looses herself within the image of the fruit and its sensual nature, yet jerks herself back into reality. She contradicts the earlier sensual imagery with a superficial comment on the carpet. This pattern of indulging in her sexuality and then recovering herself is repeated throughout the text. She turns away from the two stray cats courting and is more likely to accept pictures of beauty such as the Pear Tree, or Pearl as sexual before she does the more animalistic images of sex."

Tags:repression, symbolism, society, women

Abstract
This paper discusses how "Thelma and Louise" strayed from the typical "road movie" formula in terms of casting, theme and storyline. It shows how the film not only helped to redefine gender stereotypes but also paved the way for other women, as well as gays, people of color and other traditionally underrepresented groups, to become "road movie heroes" as well.

From the Paper
"The conventional road movie twosome, which is usually comprised of either two young males or a male and female with a romantic connection, has permeated the genre since its inception. Thelma and Louise broke that tradition by not only using two female protagonists, but by portraying men in a consistently negative light; essentially as either "rapists", "bullies" or "boy toys"."

Tags:action, adventure, film, gender, roles, theme, gay, color