Abstract
The paper concludes that the reviewed literature indicates that those who are unable to effectively control anxiety and stress events are at a higher risk for heart disease than those who manage their worries more successfully. The paper reports that these studies demonstrate that the ability of a person to find ways to relax and reduce anxiety will provide tremendous benefits and will reduce the risk factors related to heart disease. The author believes that for those who suffer from heart disease, the delivery of quality nursing care in a physical and psychological sense, may provide patients with sensations of relief and comfort.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Analysis of Findings
Anxiety and Heart Disease in Relation to Human Health
Implications for Nursing Care
Anxiety, Heart Disease and Health Care Delivery
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A study by Tacon, McComb, Caldera and Randolph sought ways to reduce anxiety in women that leads to heart disease. The research study suggests that those faced with anxiety have reduced heart rate variability that may lead to such events as hypertension, arrhythmias and impaired vagal tone. Furthermore, since women are more likely to experience anxiety and depression than men are, they are also more likely to experience higher levels of anxiety before and after bypass surgery (25-26). The primary focus of this study evaluates the importance of relaxation techniques in the reduction of anxiety and subsequent heart disease, and the results demonstrate that those who practice relaxation techniques on a regular basis will reduce their levels of anxiety and the likelihood that they will suffer from heart disease."

Tags:women, stress, relaxation, factors, care

Abstract
This paper contends that the affective properties of music upon one's emotive state appear as the source of much research throughout the realm of psychology, with theories regarding its effects and emotive properties being recruited and adapted, from non-musical literature. One important role which music plays within society is in cinematography, as congruence between auditory and visual stimuli is a fundamental component due to its ability in conveying emotionality. Throughout this paper the circumplex model was incorporated, as a measure of emotion and a template from which to obtain congruence between auditory and visual stimuli. The paper assesses the importance of such congruence, between auditory and visual stimuli and its resulting impact upon emotion.

From the Paper
"Music is a key element of everyday life, its role within society is divergent. Variation in temporal structure allows for diverse utilization, permitting music to pervade all cultures and play a significant role in the majority of social and religious rituals: birthdays, weddings and funerals, and so on. The affective properties of musical stimuli are the source of much research and theories regarding music's effects and emotive properties have been recruited and adapted from non-musical literature (Ritossa and Rickard, 2004). With such an impact upon on society, the effects of music on behavior deserve further exploration. The research reported here was such an exploration, with the primary focus concerning arousal, performance and the importance of the relationship between audio and visual stimuli."

Tags:arousal, circumplex, model, music

Abstract
This paper briefly explores the symptoms and treatment of alcoholism.

From the Paper
"Some common signs of alcoholism in the early stages are constant drinking for relief of personal problems, an increase in a person's tolerance for alcohol, onset of memory lapses while drinking, and an urgent longing for the first drink. A physical dependence first appears with early morning tremors and agitation that require a drink for relief. As an alcoholic progresses into the late stages, drinking bouts are usually very frequent. There is an acute withdrawal syndrome when drinking ceases. This includes tremors, hallucinations, confusion, and rapid heartbeat (Winter). " Nearly one-fourth of all persons admitted to general hospitals have alcohol problems (sic) are undiagnosed alcoholics being treated for their consequences of their drinking" ("Alcoholism and Alcohol"). "

Tags:alcoholism, drugs

Abstract
History
Location
Occupations
Schooling
Family
Context of Interview
Discussion
Activity in normal day: sleep, exercise, groups
Diet
Sensory changes
Memory assessment
Changing relationships: family & peers
Retirement and goals
Analysis
Physical performance: causes of illness, injury, and
sensory dysfunction
Education - Engagement process (Schaie), memory
Ego integrity versus despair (Erikson), Grant Study
Role of religion
Continuity theory (Atchley)
Balanced investment - role of siblings and family
members

From the Paper
"Born in 1932, AB is a sixty-eight year old female from the central New York state area. AB grew up in a small town with her twin brother and two sisters. Her father passed away when she was two, and her siblings were then raised by their single mother. In her adult life, AB has worked as a dietitian at a University Hospital. Currently, AB resides at the retirement community in New York."

Tags:aging, cognitive, elkind, erikson, geriatrics, late, old, social

Abstract
The paper looks at the anatomical origins of the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline and their associated pathways, as well as the basic anatomy of the limbic system and its associated structures. The essay then goes on to explain that our brain is structured such that certain environmental stimuli can cause us to have positive or negative reinforcing experiences based on how our neurochemicals react in response to the situation. The reward pathways in our brain help to determine much of our everyday behavior, whether it may be the urge to eat, the drive to have sex or the addiction associated with mind-altering drugs. As such, we must receive appropriate stimulation and positive reward in order to function as individuals and be happy, or we are at risk of a reward deficiency resulting in negative emotions such as sadness or depression. There is also a discussion of how addictive behavior can be due to positive reward systems which have a very strong influence on the way we act.

From the Paper
"Happiness and sadness are two primary human emotions, and whilst more often than not caused as a result of external stimuli, they are largely determined by neurobiological processes that occur in the brain namely that of biogenic amine reward pathways. We have to stimulate these pathways adequately every day if we are to function well mentally, physically and emotionally. The experience of emotion is integral to who we are as humans. Darwin (1872 in Ekman, 1973) defined emotion as essential to the welfare of group-living species. Without emotion, we would be unable to be attracted to one another, reproduce, or interact socially, amongst other things. Emotions also have distinct motivational properties (Izard, 1971) and understandably, the reward system and its close association with pleasure plays a large part in determining our actions. "Pleasure is unquestionably a key factor in controlling the motivated behaviors of humans." (Kandel et. al., 2000 p.1007) Emotions are known to lead to specific behavioral patterns that determine the way in which we live our lives and influence the experience of consequent emotions, for example, happiness or sadness."

Tags:addiction, antidepressants, dopaminergic, hippocampus

Abstract
This paper is an objective observation of the development of the human species. It discusses the implications and effects of the principals of cybernetics based on spontaneous emergence of an international neural network of interconnectivity which is swiftly evolving to being of equivalence to a global consciousness and its exponential growth. It explores the evident implications of systemic development and growth of the internet as an international forum of connectivity and its direct effect on the species with views of its systemic principals, their interaction and the potential threat of external moderation of such information distribution.

From the Paper
"As time progresses the accessibility of the Internet is situating itself in a form of networking which allows a vaster quantity of people to 'get connected' every day and the forced moderation of the Internet has potentially dire consequences. This paper shall outlay the physical emergence of a neural network of interconnectivity, the implications of its overview and of the downward trend of the species, stipulating negative trends towards any form of inherent obligations to genetic selective retention."

Tags:knowledge, internet, data, network, traffic, asymmetric, transitions, molecular, nanotechnology

Abstract
This essay outlines in a factual, explanatory tone, how 'visual perception' occurs within the body and brain. It is heavily based on scientific terminology as outlined within the psychology syllabus. Includes the function of rods and cones, the interpretation of stimuli, depth cues, Gestalt principles, psychological factors of perception, and a discussion on the fallibility of visual perception. Highly reliable examples are included.

From the Paper
"Visual Sensation, which occurs so we can detect physical stimuli, begins with the reception of information. Light waves (electromagnetic energy) enter the eye and are focused on the retina. This electromagnetic energy is then transduced by rods and cones, (light sensitive cells), into electrochemical energy enabling it to be transmitted to the brain. The electrochemical energy is then transmitted along the neurons of the optic nerve to the Occipital Lobe (Visual Cortex of brain)."

Tags:brain, eye, gestalt, neurons, psychology, sensation

Abstract
This paper explains that temporally, music's structure has many determining characteristics, which shape affective properties (such as tempo and tonality). Throughout this paper these structural characteristics are explored, accompanied by an exploration of the ability of music to elicit emotions, the link between performance (both visual and manual) and emotions and the relationship between music and physiological response. Conclusions of this review involve general methodological considerations for future research and potential hypotheses to be explored.

From the Paper
"Music is a key element of everyday life; its role within society is divergent, and temporally, music takes on many forms. Such variation in temporal structure allows for diverse utilization, thus permitting music to pervade all cultures and play a significant role in the majority of social and religious rituals, such as birthdays, weddings and funerals. The affective properties of musical stimuli upon behavior appear as the source of much research throughout psychology with theories regarding its effects and emotive properties being recruited, and adapted, from non-musical literature (Ritossa and Rickard, 2004). With such apparent impact upon individuals throughout society, the profound effects of music deserve further exploration. This paper shall conduct such an exploration with the primary focus concerning the impact of musical exposure upon affective states, arousal, performance (both visual and manual), and physiological reactions."

Tags:structure, psychology, body, motion, emotion, physical

Abstract
The paper describes how caffeine increases stimulation of the central nervous system. The paper relates how, if taken in low doses, caffeine is an effective stimulant that can enhance the cognitive functions of memory and attention. The paper points out, however, that a high dosage of caffeine can have undesirable effects such as restlessness, irritability and anxiety.

From the Paper
"Although caffeine can be found naturally in many foods, it can also be found in some non-prescription drugs, such as sleep suppressants, to fight drowsiness (Josephy, 1997; Westen, Burton, & Kowalski, 2006). Caffeine is used as an ingredient in these drugs because of its ability to increase the activity of neurons and other cells by stimulating the central nervous system (Goodenough, Wallace, & McGuire, 1998; Harte et al., 1991). However, caffeine does not act by altering the communication between neurons. Instead, it acts by speeding up the metabolic rate of all cells. This increase in cellular metabolism occurs from the increased production of glucose due to caffeine (Goodenough et al.). Further to this, caffeine blocks adenosine receptors, leading to an increased stimulation of the central nervous system (Smit & Rogers, 2000)."

Tags:neurons, mood, alertness, irritability, anxiety, abstinence, addiction

Abstract
This paper begins by explaining that coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in many countries and that one of the main risk factors associated with CHD is high cholesterol. The paper shows how cholesterol levels are determined and what can be done to lower the risk. Included in this paper is a behavioral modification plan and tips for a healthier lifestyle that is free of the risk factors associated with CHD.

From the Paper
"Cholesterol forms an important function in the body; it helps to produce hormones, vitamins and some bile acids. Located in the bloodstream, cholesterol is present in many parts of the body including the brain, skin, liver and muscle tissue. However cholesterol can be lethal; high amounts in the bloodstream can lead to a build up of cholesterol and plaques (fatty deposits) on arterial walls which then narrow arteries and may result in inadequate blood circulation to the heart muscle (coronary heart disease)."

Tags:cholesterol, lipoprotein, medical, study, artery, fat, healthy, eating, diet