Abstract
This paper explores the works of philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud (""Twilight of the Idols" and "Civilization and Its Discontents" respectively). It outlines and compares their views on science, religion, nature, the individual and society. The paper also focuses on the subject of instincts/passions vs. reason.

From the Paper
"In the midst of so much confusion, so many contrasting affirmations, opinions and perspectives, what conclusions can be drawn? What lasting truths can one hold on to? Sigmund Freud, in his Civilization and Its Discontents, and Friedrich Nietzsche, in Twilight of the Idols, offer a good summary of many of their views. Freud and Nietzsche, both complex men of enormous egos, share many of the same ideas on the topics of science, religion, the individual and society, with the exception of a few minor differences."

Tags:civilization, discontents, greek, idols, psychology, reason, sociology, socrates

From the Paper
In his book "Civilization and its Discontents", Sigmund Freud examines the cultural frustrations which are brought about by the conflicts between the demands of the instincts of man and the prohibitions of civilization. The structure of culture, Freud finds, is designed to restrict the instinctive life of man, the instinctive life being one of egoistic self-satisfaction and aggression or destruction. To delve into every aspect of this antagonism that Freud studies would be too great a task for a paper of this length, therefore, I would like to focus my attention on the sections of Civilization and its Discontents dealing with suffering, love, happiness and the pleasure principle, and aggression and guilt, since these were the most valuable to me in understanding Freud's theory. In dealing with any of these, one undoubtedly overlaps principles which deal with ... "

Tags:PSYCHOLOGY: FREUD

Abstract
The following paper takes a look at how a therapist would approach therapy in the context of the three schools of thought, namely: Psychoanalysis, Adlerian and Jungian Therapy and discusses the appropriateness of each. Selected concepts and theories of the unconscious, the instinctual impulses, the persona and archetypes, role-playing and the superiority and inferiority complex are discussed in this paper.

From the Paper
"Freud emphasized "free association" and the therapeutic importance of recalling seemingly random material from the unconscious mind. He was the first to recognize that the unconscious thought process follows laws that were quite different from the laws of logic applicable to conscious thought. He found out that in the unconscious, the thoughts and feelings that belong together can be separated or displaced out of context while completely dissimilar ideas or images could be merged into one in the unconscious. Freud's analysis of the unconscious enabled him to interpret dreams, which he saw as a device used by the mind to protect sleep against disturbing images of early life experiences. In psychoanalysis these disturbing and unpleasant unconscious images (called latent dream content) are used by the therapist to transform into the conscious (or manifest dream) and helps the patient to come to terms with these unpleasant early life experiences. ("Arlo & Herma," Encarta)."

Tags:pioneers, human, mind, innovative, mental, illnesses, schools, thought, differences

From the Paper
"One of the influences on the development of the artistic movement known as surrealism derived from the writings and thought of Sigmund Freud. Freud has a particular influence on Andre Breton, one of the leading theorists of the movement, and Salvador Dali, perhaps its best-known practitioner. Each man acknowledged the contribution of Freud and produced works citing Freud directly.
Surrealism was an artistic movement with a strong political component. It was the most highly organized and tightly controlled artistic movement in this century, and its moral and philosophical leader was Andre Breton, who held the unofficial title of the Pope of Surrealism. Surrealism was also a life-style and a philosophical outlook that informed artistic expression, political action, and social life."

From the Paper
"Michel Foucault, in The History of Sexuality, can definitely be considered a feminist, if one sees feminism as a search for truth about human nature, relationships, and the role and function of power in defining one's identity (including one's sexuality). Foucault argues that since the eighteenth century Western civilization has increasingly become obsessed with talking and thinking about sex as a subject, rather than partaking of "bodies and pleasures" (157). Feminism certainly posits that a woman to be authentically alive must overcome alienation from her body, whether that alienation is imposed upon her by an individual male or by "power" as it is exercised by the entire structure of society. This generalized sense of power is what Foucault posits as the controlling force behind the history of sexuality and the accompanying increase in public discourse ..."

Abstract
This paper gives the reader a clear understanding of the roots of psychoanalysis and cognitive behavior therapy. The writer defines the two theories and their main ideas. It then proceeds to compare and contrast the fundamental principles of the two.

From the Paper
"Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a combination of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. Behavior therapy is used to change automatic reactions to certain situations. It also teaches relaxation techniques so you are better able to deal with stressful situations and allows for improved decision making techniques. Cognitive therapy trains you in recognizing how certain thinking patterns are causing your symptoms. Once these thinking patterns are recognized, you are able to break the connection between these patterns and the distorted picture of reality that they present (Weber, 1991)."

Tags:beck, ellis, freud, theory, psychology, thought, pattern, symptom, thinking

Abstract
This paper contrasts both traditional psychoanalysis and a newer tradition, behavioral family therapy and looks at their applicability in different situations. The author explains that psychoanalysis, developed by Freud, helps the client gain more awareness and understanding of their inner world including motivations. The author points out that behavioral family therapy, a melding of behavior therapy and family therapy, assumes that all behavior is learned, or conditioned, and can be unlearned and changed and that the family, viewed as a system, is the focus of this learning.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Description
Comparison
Depth/Insight
Focus on Family
Goals
Length of Therapy
Meaning Orientation
Conformity
Application to Different Situations

From the Paper
"While they both emphasize family, they do so in very different ways. In psychoanalysis, the therapeutic arrangement is between the therapist and the individual. Family members are not brought into the therapeutic alliance. In family therapy, the family is the unit that works with the therapist. The family is not separated out, but placed at the center of the working process."

Tags:motivation, awareness, conditioned, system, unit

From the Paper
"Although dreams may contain elements of ordinary things, these elements are often scrambled in fantastic ways. Sigmund Freud, the first psychologist in the modern era that tried to analyze dreams, believed that dreams often delineated concealed fulfillment of repressed wishes. In Freudian dream interpretation, every dream has a manifest content that could come from the events of the day or early memories; and a latent content that comes from an individual's unconscious desires. By using Freud's theories of dreams, the rest of his theories can be explained. Freud viewed dreams as "the royal road to the unconscious." "

Tags:freud, dreams, psychology

Abstract
This paper covers dream interpretation, different types of dreams and why we have them. The author looks at some theories of Sigmund Freud, dream interpretation in different religions, REM sleep and provides some examples.

From the Paper
"Why do we have dreams? Many people wonder why we dream and what they mean. Research now shows that dreams occur during REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. Most of those detailed dreams that we remember, researchers say, happen during REM sleep. REM sleep is a stage in our natural sleep cycle in which dreams occur. During REM sleep there is rapid eye movement, loss in reflexes, increased pulse rate, and brain activity. (Lavie 65 - 70)"

Tags:dreams, conscious, unconscious, REM, sleep, cycle, heart, body, mind

Abstract
This paper attempts to deconstruct and expose the inherent patriarchal ideologies in Freud's psychoanalysis of his famous patient, "Dora". The basis of Freud's psychoanalytic theories revolved around sexuality, and his account of her "madness" condemns her sexuality and dismisses all feminine sexuality. This is a feminist critique of Freud's theories, in general, and specifically, in regards to his comments on the case of "Dora", which attempt to expose the unconscious assumptions that Freud saw in everyone else but himself. The contention of this paper is thus that the society and culture and gender of an individual directly influences his or her perception and interpretation of another individual, and thus Freud, as a privileged, white man in a patriarchal society, could never hope to help or analyze "Dora" accurately.

From the Paper
"For Dr Sigmund Freud the case analysis of "Dora" signified the possibility of proclaiming a marriage between dream analysis and psychoanalysis to the psychoanalytic community (Freud, 1901/1905: 44ff.). Yet it was never the woman in analysis who was of importance for either Freud or the psychoanalytic community. Ida Bauer was never important and nor was her Symbolic representation, Dora. Indeed all the women within Dora's case are characterized as "nothing," no woman is important (Gallop, 1985: 216). It might be argued that we can never truly know the content of Ida's "nothingness" because Dora was Freud's invention, his interpretation, biases and desires postured onto her feminine form (Geargear, 1985: 177). However we need not know Ida's real life story as Freud's narration of her is more indicative of Ida's status as a woman within a patriarchal society than any autobiographical account could ever have been. Thus Dora becomes a fluid character who need not claim a "real" identity or to be set in an historical moment for she exceeds Ida and is instead the transcendent woman; her hysteria is every woman's hysteria."

Tags:bauer, ida, irigaray, lacanian, oedipal