Abstract
This paper attempts to define what exactly a dream is, whether it is a story that evolves in the mind in a single flash of inspiration, moving from beginning to end in a few seconds, or whether there more to it than mere fantasy. It examines how many researchers, both past and present, have given numerous definitions for what dreams are and how they can be interpreted.

Outline
The Mechanics of Dreaming
The Sleep Cycle
Body Dynamics
The Healing Power of Dreams
Dream Deprivation
The Meaning of Dreams

From the Paper
"Thanks to these dream researchers, it is now known that there is a regular cycle of sleeping and dreaming during each period of sleep. For most people, a night of sleep begins with certain rituals; sleep then is supposed to come in an instant. Within the first few minutes, the temperature of the body falls, and brain waves begin their regular alpha rhythms, indicating a relaxed state. In Stage One, the muscles lose their tension, breathing becomes more even, and the heart rate slows. In Stage Two, random or nonsensical image may float through the mind, mimicking the dream state. In Stage Three, the body continues its process of slowing down; the muscles lose all tightness, breaths come slowly and rhythmically, the heart rate decreases and blood pressure falls. In Stage Four, the body and the mind are at their most restful periods and may last for many hours."

Tags:rem, brain, body, waves, sleep

From the Paper
"How we behave as individuals in regard to our inner world is just as important and may even be more important than how we behave in regard to our outer world. Jung's psychological theory is based upon the primary assumption that the human mind has both a conscious or outer realm and an unconscious or inner realm. Because we tend to live and function in our conscious world, it is here that we try to resolve our individual and societal problems using the same behavior patterns over and over until they no longer fit the situation and if these conscious behavior patterns did not fit the situations found in 1957, they certainly do not fit the situations found in 1998. Because of this, Jung believes that the resolution to conscious problems lies in the unconscious realm and as long as humans deny the contents of the unconscious they are also denying a fundamental part of themselves and society. "

Tags:archetypes, individuation, personification

Abstract
This paper explores the psychological theories developed by Dr. Carl Jung. It shows the beginning of his career as a student and collaborator of Dr. Sigmund Freud, and his further analysis and disagreements with Freud in sexual desire thought patterns. This paper further examines Jung's analytical psychology movement, and the theories he developed drawing on myths, history, and dreams.

From the Paper
"He is less well known and less vilified than Sigmund Freud, that other great early psychoanalytic thinker, but Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung is just as important to us as we enter the 21st century as is Sigmund Freud. It is indeed arguable that he is even more important, that his theories and models of how the human mind works are more integrated into our common assumptions about how we think and dream than is the more severe work of Freud. This paper looks at the life and work of Jung, examining how much he contributed to a deeper understanding of the nature of the human psyche and looking especially at his theory of the importance of dreams. His differences with Freud in this area are especially illuminative, allowing us to understand the principles of his models of human thought."

Tags:psychology, dreams, Freud, analytical psycology

Abstract
This essay deals with an indepth look at the psychological theory of Carl Jung and how it came to be. It speaks of the influences from his personal life as well as those from other psychologists of the time. The essay looks at the idea of archetypes and how dreams manifest what is really in our unconscious mind and that to be a "whole" person one has to face the unconscious.

From the Paper
"Man is not an isolated figure, but lives in a world that has many facets. Being constantly immersed in a specific culture and environment is bound to affect any field of study in which one is engaged. This is true for Carl Jung and his analytic personality psychology. Throughout his life, Jung was greatly affected by many events and incidents. He strived to make sense of them in an organized manner, but it was not until later in life that he was able to fully understand the true meaning of these events. Jung brought to his work and theories personal experiences, familial relations experiences, as well as the cultural-historical ideas of his time that, combined would give Jung the foundation he needed to create his great psychological theory."

Tags:alchemy, archetypes, personality

Abstract
This paper examines the differences in Freud's and Jung's theories on the interpretation of dreams. Because their theories on the importance and meaning of dreams cannot be extricated from the rest of their work, a brief overview is first given of the context of the importance of dreams to each researcher. After providing this needed background, the paper focuses on their work on dreams and concludes with an examination of the implications of these differences.

From the Paper
"Freud's very earliest work (some of it almost entirely biological in focus in fact and with little bearing on psychoanalysis at all) is not particularly relevant to his work on dreams. But during the period from 1895 to 1900, Freud began to develop many of the concepts that were later incorporated into psychoanalytic practice and doctrine and have a bearing on his interpretation of dreams (Anserson, 1991, p. 132)."

Tags:psychoanalysis, sleep, subconcious

Abstract
This paper examines the theories that Freud and Jung developed to explain what it is that our dreams mean to us when we are awake. The paper demonstrates that great scientists, like the rest of us, believe that dreams must mean something, must be useful for something. Freud's and Jung's different approaches to understanding and interpreting dreams, are illustrated.

From the Paper
"Given the simultaneous meaningfulness and fragility of dreams, it is not surprising that the greatest psychoanalysts should have turned their minds to trying to understand how it is that people interpret dreams and how it is that dreams affect our waking actions. And, given the essential ambiguity of dreams, it is hardly surprising that Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung differed dramatically in their readings of what it is that dreams mean."

Tags:psychology, sleep, sub-conscious, psychoanalysis, interpretations

From the Paper
"Although dreams may contain elements of ordinary things, these elements are often scrambled in fantastic ways. Sigmund Freud, the first psychologist in the modern era that tried to analyze dreams, believed that dreams often delineated concealed fulfillment of repressed wishes. In Freudian dream interpretation, every dream has a manifest content that could come from the events of the day or early memories; and a latent content that comes from an individual's unconscious desires. By using Freud's theories of dreams, the rest of his theories can be explained. Freud viewed dreams as "the royal road to the unconscious." "

Tags:freud, dreams, psychology

Abstract
This paper covers dream interpretation, different types of dreams and why we have them. The author looks at some theories of Sigmund Freud, dream interpretation in different religions, REM sleep and provides some examples.

From the Paper
"Why do we have dreams? Many people wonder why we dream and what they mean. Research now shows that dreams occur during REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. Most of those detailed dreams that we remember, researchers say, happen during REM sleep. REM sleep is a stage in our natural sleep cycle in which dreams occur. During REM sleep there is rapid eye movement, loss in reflexes, increased pulse rate, and brain activity. (Lavie 65 - 70)"

Tags:dreams, conscious, unconscious, REM, sleep, cycle, heart, body, mind

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to research and study why we have nightmares, night terrors, and how lucid dreaming can help us understand them. By studying nightmares and terrors, we can figure out the cause and pinpoint the problem and resolve it so that we can have a good night sleep.

Tags:sleep, nightmare, night, terror

Abstract
This paper attempts to deconstruct and expose the inherent patriarchal ideologies in Freud's psychoanalysis of his famous patient, "Dora". The basis of Freud's psychoanalytic theories revolved around sexuality, and his account of her "madness" condemns her sexuality and dismisses all feminine sexuality. This is a feminist critique of Freud's theories, in general, and specifically, in regards to his comments on the case of "Dora", which attempt to expose the unconscious assumptions that Freud saw in everyone else but himself. The contention of this paper is thus that the society and culture and gender of an individual directly influences his or her perception and interpretation of another individual, and thus Freud, as a privileged, white man in a patriarchal society, could never hope to help or analyze "Dora" accurately.

From the Paper
"For Dr Sigmund Freud the case analysis of "Dora" signified the possibility of proclaiming a marriage between dream analysis and psychoanalysis to the psychoanalytic community (Freud, 1901/1905: 44ff.). Yet it was never the woman in analysis who was of importance for either Freud or the psychoanalytic community. Ida Bauer was never important and nor was her Symbolic representation, Dora. Indeed all the women within Dora's case are characterized as "nothing," no woman is important (Gallop, 1985: 216). It might be argued that we can never truly know the content of Ida's "nothingness" because Dora was Freud's invention, his interpretation, biases and desires postured onto her feminine form (Geargear, 1985: 177). However we need not know Ida's real life story as Freud's narration of her is more indicative of Ida's status as a woman within a patriarchal society than any autobiographical account could ever have been. Thus Dora becomes a fluid character who need not claim a "real" identity or to be set in an historical moment for she exceeds Ida and is instead the transcendent woman; her hysteria is every woman's hysteria."

Tags:bauer, ida, irigaray, lacanian, oedipal