Abstract
This essay examines two aspects of Marx's philosophy; firstly, his view of human nature and, secondly, why he is critical of the ideas of human rights and political rights and emancipation. The paper argues that Marx?s view of human nature underpins his thought and work and shows that Marx is critical of human rights and political rights and emancipation because he believes there to be a greater goal.

Tags:nature, human, rights

Abstract
This paper studies the nature and nurture of the Russian Monarchy under the upbringing of Catherine the Great and her Stoic / Enlightenment based moral values. Focusing on the developmental complexities of the social and family unit which brought around the four most well known of the Russian Royals, Alexander I, Constantine, Nicholas I and Michael, this paper follows up the effects of a family unit oriented upbringing with strong liberal and republican beliefs that gripped the Russian Royal family in it?s later years through Catherine as a matriarchal influence to these four, and Paul as a patriarchal leader. The psychological scarring left upon Nicholas on seeing his fathers demise at the hands of his own courtiers demonstrated a manipulative effect on his reign. Also demonstrated in this paper is the fact that regardless of liberal beliefs, the people?s agenda quite often defies what intellectually could be classified as the best system of government for them as demonstrated through the coup de etat against Paul and the Decembrist rebellion.

From the Paper
"Nicholas and Michael never knew their illustrious grandmother as they were too young to have true or strong memories of her as she died when they were still youths, and they also lost their father at the early age of five and three respectively. That is not to say that her rearing did not still influence them, indirectly, throughout their adolescence. Nicholas had reported to have vague memories of Paul and considered his sudden death at the hands of his own courtiers to be the most traumatic moment or envisagement in his life until his own accession and the Decembrist revolt. Thus, for both Nicholas and Michael, their mother was the primary force behind their upbringing with strong matriarchal influence from their grandmother Catherine the Great and her philosophies."

Tags:army, autocracy, cccp, censorship, doctrine, duke, europa, global, Maria, Fedorovna

Abstract
This paper discusses Ronald J. Hill and Peter Frank's book "The Soviet Communist Party" which attempts to introduce the West to the finer points of Communist Party rule in the Soviet Union. It examines the book topic by topic and looks at how the authors manage to put across details of the organizations, institutions, legal structures and personnel of the Communist system. It evaluates how the authors link much of their discussion directly to historical events and time periods, giving the reader a sense of how their topic relates to the real world.

From the Paper
"Under "Party Membership" the authors give attention to the details of party membership, including seeking such membership, the documents involved, the assessment of candidates, and the significance of achieving party membership. Membership involved certain obligations as well as benefits. Among the obligations were learning the principles of "communist morality," including identification with the concept of the collective, with respect for the working man, with comradely cooperation, patriotism, and the struggle against bourgeois ideology. The member was also expected to set an example to others, fulfill obligations to the party, and remain devoted to the cause."

Tags:russia, marx, lenin

Abstract
This report is about the problems of China Telecom, which is one of the largest state owned companies in China. Like most state owned companies, China Telecom is quite inefficient. This report aims at investigating the main causes of its inefficiency. Four main causes are pointed out as follows. First of all, China Telecom lacks sufficient competition because it controls the majority of the communications market. Then, China Telecom does not have a suitable corporate governance structure and effective monitoring system. Finally, inadequate technical skills of the employees also restrict China Telecom's development.

From the Paper
"China's accession to the WTO will certainly be beneficial to non-governmental and foreign funded enterprises, but will cause many challenges to state owned enterprises, which have enjoyed government monopolies. Thus, state owned company reform, which is going to help them to be more efficient, is one of the most important tasks of China's 10th Five-Year Plan."

Tags:communism, state, own, monopoly, phone

Abstract
This paper examines how communism is a type of government where wealth and property are owned in common and production and labour are shared equally among the people. It also examines how socialism is the belief that the wealth of a country should be among all its citizens. In contrast, it looks at how democracies are multiparty political systems that rest on the principle of rule by the people.

Outline
Communism/Socialism vs. Democracy
Future Recommendations for Both Systems
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The father of communism, Marx believed that capitalism was an ineffective form of government in which wealth is not distributed fairly or properly. He believed that the working class would eventually overthrow the ruling class and that the working class would then set up a socialist form of government in which the government, not individuals, owned the means of production. Marx believed that this form of government would result in complete freedom with social economic equality for all people (as cited in Maddox G. 2000, p16). Both socialism and communism as they exist today have proved to be ineffective forms of government. Socialists try to achieve for society something that is impossible because of human nature: a utopian society where wealth is not attained by hard work but distributed equally by the government."

Tags:marx, class, capitalism, mill

Abstract
An essay detailing Marx's and Weber's differing theories regarding the economy and the social structures within society. It provides a history of their theories with explanations of such concepts as the proletariat, bourgeoisie, and class struggle. A large part of the essay deals with an examination of whether their theories are still relevant to today's society. The general tone of the essay leans toward the affirmative . Marx and Weber have been founding figures in capitalist theory, and their ideas still have relevance today.

From the Paper
"Karl Marx and Max Weber are considered to be two of the earliest and most influential scholars on the sociology of capitalism. Both men concentrated on the role of modern man in a capitalist society however, their ideological stances concerning human interaction with the economy differed. Marx (1818-1883) believed that a capitalist society is based on human labor and is subsequently divided into a class structure based on the economic factors underlying who controls this labor (Abercrombie et. al., 1994:251-252). Weber (1864?1920) however believed that although economic factors were integral, they were not alone sufficient for a complete understanding of the nature of Capitalism (Bharadwaj and Kaviras, 1989:188). In an attempt to refute Marx's theories, Weber concentrated on the structure of status groups within society, rather than the class structure, endeavoring to demonstrate that not all divisions within society are based on the economy (Ashcraft, 1972:138)."

Tags:bourgeoisie, capitalism, class, communism, proletariat

Abstract
The paper shows how Mikhail Gorbachev attempted to broker peace with the U.S. and it discusses his desire to see if not the complete destruction of nuclear weapons then at least a reduction in them, and a closer relationship with the U.S. that enabled a closer working partnership. Of importance, according to the author, are Gorbachev's summits held with Reagan in Reykjavik, Iceland, Moscow and in Washington D.C. The author discusses Gorbachev's incredible popularity in the west. The paper also briefly touches on the theory that a hard line U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union was the factor in bringing about a change in the Soviet's attitude.

From the Paper
"This theory that the U.S. forced the Soviets into reforms is a plausible, and convincing argument. However, it does not answer why that this policy had never worked before. Certainly after WW11 the Soviet Union was in a much weaker position to the U.S. both economically and militarily. The Truman administration took a hard line against the Soviets, yet they had not wavered, even though the U.S. at that time was the only nation with nuclear weapons. This theory also fails to take into account the role played by Gorbachev, nor give him the credit he deserves."

Tags:foreign, policy, relations, Brzezenski, Afghanistan, Starwars, SDI, Russia

Abstract
This essay is an excellent introduction to the basic social theories underpinning Marxist and Weberian thought. Discussion of economic production, surplus value, infrastructure, class, stratification, verstehen, class consciousness, and basic communism is included.

From the Paper
"Karl Marx believed that all societies are based on the organization of economic activity and that each society is determined by its individual mode of production (Jones, 1985: 43). Marx theorized that in capitalist-based modes of production, economic activity centers around two distinct groups of people those who own the means of production and those who do not (Jones, 1985: 44). Those who own and control the means of production, the bourgeoisie, pay those who do not own the means of production, the proletariat, only a percentage of the market-value of their productive effort and therefore profit more than the workers from the workers' own labor (Jones, 1985: 47). This "surplus value" (in the form of property/ money/ time) generated by the proletariat but appropriated by the bourgeoisie is what Marx believed created a dialectically exploitative relationship between the two groups and thus established economic classes within society (Jones, 1985: 44, 47)."

Tags:class, communism, verstehen

Abstract
This paper is about United States and Soviet Union relations in the Cold War period. The author investigates the causes of this war, positions of the countries which took part in it, the main events of the war and the effects that the Cold War had on the diplomacy of the United States.

Table of Contents.

Introduction.
Chapter 1: Historical Background of the Cold War.
1.1 The Historical Context.
1.2 Causes and Interpretations. Chapter 2: The Cold War Chronology.
2.1 The War Years
2.2 The Truman Doctrine.
2.3 The Marshall Plan.
Chapter 3: The Role of Cold War in American History and Diplomacy.
3.1 Declaration of the Cold War.
3.2 ?old War Issues
Conclusion
Glossary
References

From the Paper
"The Cold War was characterized by mutual distrust, suspicion and misunderstanding by both the United States and Soviet Union, and their allies. At times, these conditions increased the likelihood of the third world war. The United States accused the USSR of seeking to expand Communism throughout the world. The Soviets, meanwhile, charged the United States with practicing imperialism and with attempting to stop revolutionary activity in other countries. Each block's vision of the world contributed to East-West tension. The United States wanted a world of independent nations based on democratic principles. The Soviet Union, however, tried control areas it considered vital to its national interest, including much of Eastern Europe."

Tags:government, policy, citizens, civilians, death, destruction

Abstract
This paper begins with a brief description of the country of South Korea, including area size, population, culture, economy and neighbouring regions. The paper then continues with a discussion of the impact of globalisation on South Korea and the part South Korea plays in the global economy. The writer comments on the overall effects of South Korea's relationship with its northern adversary, North Korea and how this impacts on the globalisation of its economy.

From the Paper
"South Korea is found on the southern tip of the Korean peninsula, sharing its only border with North Korea. Other neighbours are Japan, 200 kilometres across Korea Strait, as well as China and Russia only a few hundred kilometres to its north. South Korea's total land area is 98,190 sq km and total population of 48,289,037. Its natural resources include coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential, and Korea makes $172.6 Billion from exports and spends $160.5 Billion on Imports."

Tags:economic, international, north, communism