Abstract
This essay discusses changes that have resulted and affected the popular music industry from the 1960s to present. Recent technological advancements such as CD burning and file sharing have seen drops in CD sales which have affected the way the 'Big Five' music companies sell to the market. The paper shows how the music industry has gone through major developments which have had implications to record companies, the artists, the public and law enforcers. The paper makes reference to a number of Australian artists.

From the Paper
"Prior to the 1960s the Australian music industry was an unrecognized and basically nonexistent market being mainly the result of its geographical location. The mid 1960s saw local artists recording original songs with great success, and a diverse array of artists such as the Easybeats, the Seekers and Rolf Harris became international sensations (Simpson, 2002). In the 1970s the emergence of artists in the industry became even more significant when Australian groups such as AC/DC and Men at Work began to hold a considerable portion of the market."

Tags:abs, alp, australian, burning, change, copyright, filesharing, kazaa, napster

Abstract
This paper contends that the affective properties of music upon one's emotive state appear as the source of much research throughout the realm of psychology, with theories regarding its effects and emotive properties being recruited and adapted, from non-musical literature. One important role which music plays within society is in cinematography, as congruence between auditory and visual stimuli is a fundamental component due to its ability in conveying emotionality. Throughout this paper the circumplex model was incorporated, as a measure of emotion and a template from which to obtain congruence between auditory and visual stimuli. The paper assesses the importance of such congruence, between auditory and visual stimuli and its resulting impact upon emotion.

From the Paper
"Music is a key element of everyday life, its role within society is divergent. Variation in temporal structure allows for diverse utilization, permitting music to pervade all cultures and play a significant role in the majority of social and religious rituals: birthdays, weddings and funerals, and so on. The affective properties of musical stimuli are the source of much research and theories regarding music's effects and emotive properties have been recruited and adapted from non-musical literature (Ritossa and Rickard, 2004). With such an impact upon on society, the effects of music on behavior deserve further exploration. The research reported here was such an exploration, with the primary focus concerning arousal, performance and the importance of the relationship between audio and visual stimuli."

Tags:arousal, circumplex, model, music

Abstract
This paper looks at the current issues facing music artists in Australia. These include: DJs, copyright issues and intellectual property laws (file sharing, copying CDs ). The concerns of the current music industry are also addressed in response to these issues.

From the Paper
"Copyright protection in Australia, and 'any other country which is also a party to an international copyright treaty', (www.law.gov.au) begins the moment the work is completed. Australia is a member of a number of international treaties and conventions including: Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne Convention), World Trade Organisation Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations (Rome Convention); and Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of their Phonograms (Geneva Phonograms Convention). (www.law.gov.au)"

Tags:burning, cds, copyright, infringement, intellectual, kazaa, napster, property, protection, record, sharing, software

Abstract
This paper begins with a brief look at the history of punk music and its formation as a subculture. It then addresses individual aspects of punk subculture and offers explanations as to why these characteristics may be considered 'deviant', as opposed to 'normal'. It addresses the norms, values and revolutionary nature of punk culture in light of the strain theory of deviance and the appearance, style and behaviour of punks from a labelling perspective of deviance. Through this analysis, the paper examines why punk subculture has generated a consistent social reaction for the last three decades that has led to its classification as a 'deviant' subculture.

Table of Contents:
History of Punk Music
Strain Theory
Labelling Theory
Labelling Theory and Punk Style

From the Paper
"The labelling theory proposes that no act is inherently deviant. In applying this premise to punk fashion, it can be argued that punk fashion itself was not deviant. However, as has been explored by Becker, it is argued that things become deviant only when it is labelled as such. Whilst punk may pride itself on its values of free will and autonomy from the status quo, many theorists argue that the punk subculture could not possibly exist without the status quo (Traber 2001, p. 33). This is because if there were no status quo, there would be no one to label punk subculture as 'deviant'. Whilst the punk style was revolutionary when it first appeared, even as early as the 1980s punk style had filtered into the mainstream. Black clothes, leather, and the signature Doc Marten shoes all became integrated into the mainstream fashion (Cox 1994, p. 10). This is a clear example of the ability held by some to label and define others as deviant. When punk clothing and fashion first emerged it was generally at large classed as deviant. However, the filtering of punk fashion into mainstream culture put a whole new interpretation to punk style. This example illustrates the power of the dominant culture to change labels to suit its own needs, and as such determine what is classed as 'normal' and 'deviant'."

Tags:subculture, music, genre, fashion

Abstract
This paper reviews the movie "8 Mile", a fictionalized version of the Detroit rapper, Eminem's life, where the white hip-hop singer overcomes the black skeptics with his undeniable skills. The paper discusses how the movie tells about growing up, how people relate to their peers and finding ways out of seemingly hopeless situations. The paper shows that the movie is not so much about Eminem's rise to fame, but rather revolves around the quest for respect.

From the Paper
"David Elliot (2002) compares Eminem to a young James Dean. Elliot speaks well of Eminem's role by saying, "he has a laser stare and a smart, gravely centered presence, even if it's a stretch when he piles furiously into black guys double his size. Like Dean's, Eminem's rage and brooding is offset by tenderness." His honesty in dealing with people who make fun of him and criticize his efforts depicts how a person can overcome obstacles and ridicule by working hard and persevering. The movie held my interests as I enjoyed seeing how he battled controversy while engaging in loud verbal battles with various characters who continued to compare him to Vanilla Ice."

Tags:Waldron-Mantgani, Kim, Basinger

Abstract
This paper explains that temporally, music's structure has many determining characteristics, which shape affective properties (such as tempo and tonality). Throughout this paper these structural characteristics are explored, accompanied by an exploration of the ability of music to elicit emotions, the link between performance (both visual and manual) and emotions and the relationship between music and physiological response. Conclusions of this review involve general methodological considerations for future research and potential hypotheses to be explored.

From the Paper
"Music is a key element of everyday life; its role within society is divergent, and temporally, music takes on many forms. Such variation in temporal structure allows for diverse utilization, thus permitting music to pervade all cultures and play a significant role in the majority of social and religious rituals, such as birthdays, weddings and funerals. The affective properties of musical stimuli upon behavior appear as the source of much research throughout psychology with theories regarding its effects and emotive properties being recruited, and adapted, from non-musical literature (Ritossa and Rickard, 2004). With such apparent impact upon individuals throughout society, the profound effects of music deserve further exploration. This paper shall conduct such an exploration with the primary focus concerning the impact of musical exposure upon affective states, arousal, performance (both visual and manual), and physiological reactions."

Tags:structure, psychology, body, motion, emotion, physical

Abstract
This paper deals with the what parents, older generation and the younger generation think about rap. It also, tells both sides (good and bad) of rap music and why it is perceived in different ways to diferent people.

From the Paper
"Many people of the older generation dislike the younger generations? taste in music, mostly because the music has evolved to a new level. This level includes a lot of swearing and abusive language and sexual references. These explicit records have become readily available on the market for the youth of today. This level of music is different to the level of obscene language that was around in the younger days of the older generation. In their day and age, there were no records that provoked swearing, sex and other themes."

Tags:generation, generations, parents, reflective, society

Abstract
Popular music, as demonstrated in the movie "Boogie Nights", can be utilised to generate added meaning for the narrative. Time and place contexts are established and asserted, and connotations brought forth by lyrics inform the narrative, working with the onscreen action to generate new meanings and character motivations. This paper discusses how "Boogie Nights" has a tight synthesis with its music and the way it is arranged and the particular pieces which are chosen, reflect the central themes of change and accepting who you are and what you have to offer, as well as performing a metaphoric or comical purpose. It shows how this effectively demonstrates how popular music, in the (near) absence of a classical score can interact with the film text in a meaningful way.

From the Paper
"The popular song score operates in a different way from the classical film score, with seemingly more specific purposes based on its lyrical content. Popular Music utilises cultural contexts and linguistic content to create meaning. Coupled with an image the popular song's lyrics can be used as pun, ironic counterpoint or provide commentary or insight into character thought and motivation. The music of Boogie Nights works to fulfil the above functions, denoting, as only popular music could, the trends and transitions of music and fashion over several years, as well as articulating the thematic concerns of the film and acting as guide through the unfamiliar world."

Tags:counterpoint, ironic, popular

Abstract
The process of globalization permeates every aspect of comtemporary society, manifesting itself especially through mass culture. This paper explores popular music as a mirror reflecting the economic, technological and socio-political implications of globalization in a comprehensive and open manner.

From the Paper
"The issue of globalisation is deeply embedded in contemporary cultural values as a complex interconnection of processes that work in a contradictory and often opposing fashion, involving a system of societies, cultures and institutions worldwide (Tomlinson, 1997; 170). As Pickering suggests with much insight, globalisation cannot be viewed as purely a result of collective cultural imperialistic expansion by the west, but also as a heterogenous and multi-centred process (2001;47) inherently tied to commodification, capitalism and modernity. As a result, global economic, political and social importance are all inherently manifested through popular/mass culture, especially that of the pop music genre, which is not only cross-cultural but also relies heavily on the capitalist global construct as its main source of profit and survival. As Robert Burnett asserts, ???"most fundamental aspect of popular culture as a concept is that it is the product of industrialization"? (1996; 194), shaped by the advanced urban economies through corporate production. As a standardized product of global economy, popular music is able to assert much socio-political, economic and technological influence, becoming a motivational force behind cultural globalisation through its unifying persuasiveness, vast output and secularity, highlighting the significance of the link between the global trend and the popular music genre in today?'s society."

Tags:capitalism, communication, economic, implications, mass, music, political, production, significance, studies, technology, values

From the Paper
"Rock recordings and performances since the 1950s have been essentially about freedom and sex. The main derivative source, the blues and rhythm and blues, has always been essentially about freedom and sex. So how does rock portray sex? It is portrayed in all forms, in all deviations, in all fetish manifestations. In the pantheon of song characters and, indeed in the rock world itself, there are cross-dressers, homosexuals, transvestites, prostitutes, groupies and toyboys. There is bondage, incest, one night stands as well as love and marriage. It is all there and more. Yet there is a constant battle among critics and observers that has raged since rock's beginnings about how gender and sexuality is and should be portrayed. Generally, Rock and Roll tends to polarize opinion and has a tendency to push even the most objective observer into fits of subjective raving."

Tags:blues, cock, contemporary, evolution, feminine, grrrl, music, pop, riot, rock