Abstract
The paper concludes that the reviewed literature indicates that those who are unable to effectively control anxiety and stress events are at a higher risk for heart disease than those who manage their worries more successfully. The paper reports that these studies demonstrate that the ability of a person to find ways to relax and reduce anxiety will provide tremendous benefits and will reduce the risk factors related to heart disease. The author believes that for those who suffer from heart disease, the delivery of quality nursing care in a physical and psychological sense, may provide patients with sensations of relief and comfort.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Analysis of Findings
Anxiety and Heart Disease in Relation to Human Health
Implications for Nursing Care
Anxiety, Heart Disease and Health Care Delivery
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A study by Tacon, McComb, Caldera and Randolph sought ways to reduce anxiety in women that leads to heart disease. The research study suggests that those faced with anxiety have reduced heart rate variability that may lead to such events as hypertension, arrhythmias and impaired vagal tone. Furthermore, since women are more likely to experience anxiety and depression than men are, they are also more likely to experience higher levels of anxiety before and after bypass surgery (25-26). The primary focus of this study evaluates the importance of relaxation techniques in the reduction of anxiety and subsequent heart disease, and the results demonstrate that those who practice relaxation techniques on a regular basis will reduce their levels of anxiety and the likelihood that they will suffer from heart disease."

Tags:women, stress, relaxation, factors, care

Abstract
This paper critically analyses the factors that may contribute to the chronically ill person maintaining or not maintaing adherence to treatment. Five related areas of concern associated with compliance metatheory are briefly reviewed. It is asserted that theory building, assessment, research, and clinical application have been needlessly constrained as a result of the tendency of compliance investigations to be: (a) unidimensional, (b) practitioner centered, (c) reductionist, (d) stability (consistency) oriented, and (e) a motivational. The problem listing is then followed by a discussion of potential conceptual alternatives, and by the presentation of a tentative family of terms to replace the current overextended usage of the compliance label.

From the Paper
"Compliance is usually defined as a technical problem that is a theoretical in nature; that is to say, compliance is a problem associated with getting the patient to behave in accord with medical advice. Karoly finds this definition to be somewhat sterile and urges that compliance should be thought of as a construct not unlike intelligence. Karoly argues that control theory offers a useful meta-analytic framework for conceptualizing the construct. The power of this approach is that it offers the possibility of combining cause-effect models and those that attempt to analyze "properties of people and/or systems (e.g., families) that are capable of yielding consistencies in health maintaining behavior." Karoly offers a triarchic model of compliance that is analogous to Sternberg's model of the construct of intelligence."

Tags:based, critically, evidence, interventions, nursing

Abstract
This paper attempts to show that here is a considerable health disparity between the health of indigenous and non indigenous Australians. The indigenous people of Australia are Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. The paper also contends that educating more indigenous nurses in indigenous history, culture and health can significantly improve this health disparity, as has been evidenced in comparable countries.

From the Paper
"Although all Australians have the same access to health care services, indigenous people find it difficult to obtain appropriate, culturally safe health care. They are reluctant to use mainstream healthcare as they perceive the services as unwelcome and not culturally appropriate. Goold (2006). The National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation represents 130 Aboriginal Medical Centres which are operated by local aboriginal communities, delivered by aboriginals for aboriginals. Their health outcomes are improved because their services are culturally appropriate. The mainstream were not meeting their needs, which are: culturally appropriate care, delivering health care in a holistic way, maintain cultural values and cultural safety, and situated in areas where aboriginals live. Dragon (2007). "

Tags:Aboriginal, Torres, Strait, Islanders

Abstract
The following paper examines the current problematic situation in Faith Community Hospital, where the overall problem is that the level of patient care is at risk, however the symptom lies deeper. Firstly, the writer introduces the variety of problems that have been recognized. The paper then provides several solutions, explaining their reasoning and how they will solve the problem. Finally it concludes by showing how solving these base problems ultimately leads to better patient care.

From the Paper
As the CEO tells Chris, ;we;ve got some interesting interpretations of the mission statement being made, in all of our stakeholder groups.The main problem is that the mission statement is not clear enough, it can be interpreted in various ways. It is also relevant that the mission statement goes out to all types of stakeholders, who each have different needs. Interpretation from these different groups means that the hospital is viewed in many different ways, with the hospital itself having no clear mission and certainly all the parties involved with the hospital not having the same expectations.The values of the hospital are also open to interpretation. The faith of the hospital attracts those that support the faith.

Tags:stakeholders, community, religious, heritage, beliefs, medical, errors, patients, staff, treatment, pharmacists, prescriptions

Abstract
This paper offers a review of the factors that may contribute to the chronically ill person maintaining or not maintaining adherence to prescibed treatment. Chronic mentally ill clients exert considerable energy avoiding loss of control. Both the therapeutic environment and the nurse-patient relationship are contextual factors furthering this goal. The paper looks at the important role played by the nurse in building a strong and reliable relationship with the mentally ill patient, in order to better adminster treatment.

From the Paper
"In the last several years, there has been a growing concern for the plight of family caregivers of persons with chronic disease and disability. This focus arose primarily from recognition that chronic disease is becoming a greater problem in our society. In part, this problem is due to the advances in medical science and technology that have prolonged the lives of many chronically ill persons."

Tags:adherence, chronic, compliance, elderly, health, ill, mental, nursing, patient

Abstract
An explanation of hypertension and the failure to achieve compliance with anti-hypertensive therapy. The paper begins by explaining that hypertension is associated with many factors that have been found to reduce compliance. Factors that reduce compliance to anti-hypertensive therapy include patient and disease characteristics and treatment characteristics. The paper then shows what solutions can be provided by the medical care facility to improve the treatment. The paper includes many direct quotes from medical journals and offers details of the various treatments and therapies available.

From the Paper
"The 1988-1991 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) found that only about one-half of hypertensive patients in the United States are being treated and less than one-half of those being treated have their blood pressure well controlled (below 140/90 mmHg). A major reason for this shortfall is lack of patient compliance with therapy. This problem persists even though individual programs have shown excellent adherence to and results from both non drug and drug regimens."

Tags:compliance, hypertension, nursing, patient

Abstract
The paper discusses that while it is true that grief is a universal experience, the problem is that modern society has largely separated the concept of grief from the everyday experience of life. The paper points out that profound loss also has profound and varied effects upon the bereaved individual. The author, after reviewing many definitions and case studies, establishes a definition for grief: Grief is an emotion experienced during the event of bereavement; mourning is the action through which grief is expressed.

Table of Contents
Aims
Grief: Definitions and Attributes
Case Studies
Model Case: My Brother
Borderline Case: Deciding to Die
Related Case: The Decision to Change
Contrary Case: The Decision to Maintain the Status Quo
Conclusions from Case Studies
Grief: A Definition

From the Paper
"The aim of this concept analysis is therefore to understand grief from a number of viewpoints. This will be done by means of an analysis of grief through the stages of the process a bereaved person is expected to go through. These stages include physical and psychological processes. This is followed by a consideration of the social and religious support a bereaved person needs to work through the grieving process in a healthy way. Furthermore, case studies will be considered in terms of the established theories. Finally, conclusions are drawn in terms of the nursing profession and caring for a person going through the process of bereavement."

Tags:religion, support, physical, mourning, bereavement

Abstract
The paper points out that the Nurse Training Act was among the many reform "Great Society" programs passed during Lyndon B. Johnson's first presidency in the 1960s. This paper states that the Nurse Training Act of 1964 was important to the nursing profession because, not only did it provide federal funding for nursing education thus acting as an incentive to go into the nursing profession, but it also dramatically changed the quality of care hospitals were able to offer. The author also discusses the Nurse Reinvestment Act (H.R. 3487, S. 1864.) of 2001, which also addresses the continued nursing shortage.

From the Paper
"Ultimately, the Nurse Training Act is significant to nursing as a profession, not because of substantive changes to the way the profession it practices, but primarily because it heralded a new age of federal funding that goes toward nursing education. Unfortunately no amount of federal funding in the last forty years seems to be enough to overcome the constant shortage of nurses. Also in 1964, Congress created a Nursing Student Loan program to address the nursing shortage. Last year only $2 million was made available for new awards of long term, lower interest rate loan to students pursing various levels of nursing degrees. Back in 1983, Congress appropriated funding to address nursing shortages through that program, but this was insufficient as the shortage continues. In 2001, 10,298 students received an average loan of $2,116 clearly an inadequate amount to act as any sort of incentive to a financially needy student."

Tags:education, hospital, loan, funding, shortage

Abstract
This paper attempts to define and explain Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects approximately 20% of the Western population, and accounts for frequent absenteeism from work and impaired quality of life. The paper outlines how it is characterised by altered bowel habits and abdominal pain, in the absence of any other GI problems and diagnosis is based on the Rome criteria. Despite the the heterogenous nature of the disorder, the writer succeeds in giving a general overview of this disease for the reader.

From the Paper
"Psychiatric disorders are recorded in 50-80% of patients with IBS in some studies, although a single disorder is not well defined. Anxiety, depression, somatization, and neurosis have all been recorded1. In patients with IBS, acute psychological attacks have been shown to significantly alter their gastrointestinal motility2. Drossman et al found that patients with IBS undergo more suffering from psychosocial distress than non-patients with IBS3. Osterberg et al, on the other hand, found that there were minute differences in psychological distresses between patients with IBS, and non-patients with IBS4. Thus, assorted studies have conclusions that vary from each other. Altered gastrointestinal motility seems to be associated with the aetiology of IBS, but is not diagnostic. Serotonin (5-HT) has been studied for its role in regulating colonic motility in humans, but it is not yet known whether alterations in the colonic 5-HT system are involved in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome5. Lincoln et al established that the total indoleamine (5-HT plus its metabolite 5-HIAA) concentration in the sigmoid colon in patients undergoing partial or total colectomy for treatment of idiopathic constipation, attributed to IBS, was considerably higher than in normal subjects6. In unstimulated conditions, the colonic myoelectrical and motor activity are normal, whereas under stimulated conditions, IBS patients shown more abnormalities than normal subjects7. Lanng et al, found that all investigations regarding motility disorders showed variation, supporting the general theory of IBS being a broad-spectrum motility disorder."

Tags:dysmotility, gastroenteritis, hypersensitivity, intolerance, lactose, psychosocial, serotonin, syndrome, visceral

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of Dorothy Johnson's behavioral system model. The writer explores the model itself and then uses case study examples to apply the theory to real life situations in a critical care nursing role. It presents the positive outcomes for nurses and family members, of using the model in critical care nursing.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Johnson's Life
The Model
Case Study
Conclusion

From the Paper
"One of the most well known nursing theorists in modern history was Dorothy Johnson. Johnson ideas about the field of nursing and how that field relates to the care of individual patients, including her well known Behavior Model theory (Fruschwirth, 2000). The theory encompasses many of the medical systems in the human body and how they relate to behaviors of individuals to provide a measurable blueprint as to how to apply those functions and behaviors to the everyday practice of nursing. To understand how the Behavioral System Model was conceived and developed and how it pertains to today's nursing profession it is important to have a basic understanding of nursing itself and the life of Johnson."

Tags:critical, care, nursing, burden