Abstract
This paper explains the concept of stem cell research and explains in what situations this technology can be used. It also discusses the several advantages of this type of research, medically and scientifically. It reviews some of the opponents of stem cell research, but concludes that the potential benefits far outweigh the disadvantages.

From the Paper
"Many advances have come about in the last decade about prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for many diseases. Some of these diseases include heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, a nervous system disease like Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease. All of these diseases continue to deprive people of health, independence, and well being. Much research has been done about human development biology. This research has led to the discovery of human stem cells, embryonic stem cells, fetal stem cells, and adult stem cells. Although experiments have proven many breakthroughs in the conversion of a single undifferentiated cell into the different cells comprising the organs and tissues of the human body, much more research is needed. Taking cells from early human embryos and fetal stem cells from aborted, fetal tissue raise ethical, legal, religious and policy questions."

Tags:human, embryo, organ, experiment

Abstract
This paper applies the philosophy of utilitarianism to argue if favor of embryonic stem cell research. The paper discusses the ethical dilemma involved in destroying embryos and argues that the utility of stem cell research, its potential to reduce human suffering, make it ethical as well as necessary.

From the Paper
"Embryonic stem cell research has the potential to open the floodgates of science, finding cures for a myriad of different cancers and diseases, saving millions of lives and averting untold human suffering in the process. Despite the nearly boundless promise that stem cells offer, there is a potent ethical dilemma involved. Namely, research into stem cells requires the destruction of human embryos. While there are indeed some powerful visceral arguments to be made concerning the sanctity of human life, I believe that there is an equally powerful ethically grounded argument..."

Tags:stem cell, ethics, utilitarianism

Abstract
In this article, the writer first explains that a stem cell is a human cell that has the ability to divide itself a large number of times when placed in suitable environment, such as a laboratory culture. The writer notes that stem cell research implications are generally related to human health, and thus human stem cells are the focus of this paper. The writer discusses that many people are opposed to stem-cell research because of the need for using embryo cells, which can either come from aborted foetuses or from the umbilical cords of newborn babies. The writer then argues that, despite the concerns about stem-cell research, there are a great number of medical benefits that have already and may still come from stem-cell research and they far outweigh any potential negative effects. The writer argues that stem-cell research should not only be allowed to continue and prosper, but it should also be well funded and placed at a high priority among medical research fields.

From the Paper
" Stem-cell research has allowed researchers to learn more about how cells regenerate themselves, as well as how initial cells at the embryo stage of development later develop into specific cells with specific functions in the body. This research is very useful for informing scientists about potential treatments for debilitating diseases. Researchers working with stem-cells have become fairly certain that continued research with the stem-cells will lead to potential cures or treatments for diseases such as Parkinson's disease, by regenerating muscle and brain cells. The research is also promising in terms of generating treatment options for individuals with multiple sclerosis. One of the most exciting possibilities for stem-cell research lies in the field of developing organs from stem-cells which could meet the human demand for organ transplants and remove the necessity of finding matching donors. Thus, stem-cell research has the potential to save a remarkable number of human lives."

Tags:human, embryos, regenerate, replicate

Abstract
This paper presents a close look at stem cell research. The writer examines both sides of the issue and argues that stem cell research is a positive medical breakthrough, highly beneficial to those suffering from a variety of diseases.

From the Paper
"The world of medicine has grown in leaps and bounds for the last few decades. We have come very far in many areas and we are now on the threshold of exploding new developments that promise to revolutionize the industry. Stem cell research has been receiving a lot of media coverage as of late, some promoting the process, while others are against it. Stem cell research is an exciting new development that is going to be able to save lives."

Tags:technology, medical, president, bush, embryo, human, lines, cloning, funding, cancer, alzheimer's, parkinsons, terminal, illness, science, down's, syndrome

Abstract
This paper examines how embryonic stem cells are on the cutting edge of modern science and how they have become a controversial issue. It looks at how the ongoing debate over federal funding for research in this field has highlighted many of the ethical problems involved. The author puts forward a pro-stem cell argument by providing three fundamental reasons why research must continue together with government support and funding.

Outline
Introduction
The Scientific and Medical Potential of Stem Cells
A Humanitarian Approach to a Controversial Issue
A Third Reason for Support
The Argument
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There are many reasons that the government should financially support stem cell reason. Most importantly, the lack of federal funding places scientific research in the hands of privately funded projects. This research is far too important and too new to be left to private researchers. Because researchers are required to share data when their work is federally funded, public support of stem cells is of vital importance (Wildmoon, 2001). All stakeholders, including scientists, researchers, ethicists, and investors should be kept up-to-date on stem cell projects. This would be a reality if more federal funding was available."

Tags:embryonic, science, medicine, life

Abstract
This paper gives a brief description of what stem cells are and how they may be used in scientific research. Recent studies show that stem cells may hold the key to discovering a cure for many mysterious diseases, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. But the moral issues remain intact, despite the obvious positive consequences. The core of the stem cell debate is a battle over abortion, as stem cells come from embryos. This paper discusses both sides of the debate and looks at government intervention.

From the Paper
"For pro-life advocates, the moral costs of the research far outweigh any potential benefits. For scientists, the possibilities of research are awe-inspiring and bewildering. No one denies the moral dilemma of the stem cell debate. But to turn back now, researchers say, would be like turning our backs on a bright, sustaining light because we are terrified of the shadows it creates. "

Tags:embryos, research, infertility, clinics, aborted, fetuses, pro-choice, abortion

Abstract
This paper examines how using different sources of human embryonic stem cells for research raises different ethical problems and how experimenting on embryos created for in vitro fertilization but left unused, or embryos, created specially for research raise ethical questions. It provides a literature review to present the main arguments for and against using different sources of human embryonic stem cells and to learn about possible alternatives to human embryo research.
Outline
Introduction
Does Using "Spare" Human Embryos For Research Mean a Lack of Respect for the Embryos?
Is Using Embryos Created for Research Purposes Morally Worse Than Using Existing "Spare" Embryos for Research?
What Are the Ethical Problems Related to Therapeutic Cloning?
What Could Be the Alternatives to Embryo Research in Order to Avoid or Minimize Ethical Conflicts?
Conclusions
References

From the Paper
"The other two sources of embryos raise serious ethical questions, namely, whether using "spare" human embryos for research means a lack of respect for the embryos and whether using embryos created for research purposes is morally worse than using existing "spare" embryos for research. The application of the technique of the somatic cell nuclear transfer, in its turn, raises a question on what ethical problems relate to creating human embryos by means of this technique. For example, the polls in the United States show that there is quite a big public controversy over human embryonic stem cell research and therapeutic cloning. The polls also show that the public remains in the dark about the scientific issues related to embryonic stem cell research. "

Tags:genetic, engineering, tissues, organs, in, vitro, fertilization

Abstract
This paper looks at stem cell research using embryos. The author discusses the benefits of this type of research such as combating disease in the future. The author argues in favor of this type of research as he believes that this is a breaking step for medicine and provides counter-active arguments for the immorality and illegitimacy that is attached to embryo research.

From the Paper
"Since the dawn of mankind, humans have struggled to understand how and when life begins. Through countless developments in science and medicine, a much clearer understanding of the origin of life exists, as well as how the body itself works. Scientists of today have observed, in test tubes, the very first stages of life. And now scientists have discovered a new way to harness their knowledge of the origins of life in a way that promises to revolutionize medicine forever. Stem cell research is itself still in its infancy. In 1998, scientists at the University of Wisconsin and at Johns Hopkins University isolated and successfully cultured human pluripotent stem cells for the first time ever ("Fact Sheet"). These cells possess the potential to develop into nearly any type of cell in the body, including muscle, nervous, bone, blood, or skin."

Tags:baby, catholic, cell, church, clinic, clone, cloning, dna, doctor, embryonic, engineering, fertility, genes, genetic, health, human, moral, morality, pope, president, religion, research, scientist, sin, stem

Abstract
The paper first briefly defines stem cell research in all its forms (embryonic, adult, umbilical). It next explores whether the young fetus should actually be considered a 'life-form'. The political portion of the paper revolves around President Bush's policies and California's Proposition 71. Finally, the argument is made that alternatives to embryonic stem cells represent the only moral choice, especially at this early stage of research.

From the Paper
"There are too many unanswered questions and unknowns when it comes to stem cell research, embryonic or not. There is promising research being made on adult stem cells and umbilical cells as we speak. Shouldn't these avenues be completely explored before we even discuss destroying another embryo in the name of science? I would think so. The greatness of humankind can be measured by its accomplishments, but accomplishments made without regard to morals can destroy us. This is the course we must avoid. We must not sacrifice life with blind hopes of scientific advancement. We must not sacrifice one life to cure another."

Tags:abortion, CLS, ethics

Abstract
This paper discusses the many uses of stem cells, especially in the area of juvenile diabetes, Parkinson's disease and cell regeneration. This paper explains how the fertilized human egg develops into stem cells and their various biological sources and how they are acquired for use in research, including the NIH guidelines. The author believes that stem cell research is so new that the scientists can only guess at what it will be able to achieve as well as what it will not be able to do.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Acquisition of Stem Cells
Opposition to Stem Cells Research
Limitations of Stem Cells Research
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Early research into the use of stem cells focused on two separate approaches. One involved the "control of gene expression", or determining when genes were active or inactive. The other involved the generation or new cells. Some recent research has combined the two approaches, looking at the possibility that gene manipulation could be combined with cell growth, further broadening the potential applications for gene therapy."

Tags:acquisition, opposition, limitation, replacement, therapy