From the Paper
"The thesis of the study is that the scientific pursuit of genetic cloning too often ignores the ethical and spiritual aspects of humanity. This study will examine some of the pros and cons of this subject, focusing on human cloning.

Just as animal cloning has been accomplished, it is likely that human cloning is also within the reach of science. However, the question is whether the benefits of cloning outweigh the drawbacks. Are human beings supposed to live longer, one result of cloning? Is the cloned human being, in fact, an authentic human being? Is the relative perfection afforded by cloning desirable, or is it a danger to the essence of human nature? The argument here is that individuality, imperfection, sickness and even death are natural parts of human existence and yet one promise of human cloning is to do away with these factors which..."

Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial issue of cloning. It analyzes the moral and ethical implications of cloning and whether it is correct to conduct cloning at all. The paper describes the origins of cloning, the methods currently used and the problems with the process.

From the Paper
" Cloning can basically be described as the copying of genes and other pieces of chromosomes to generate identical material. Two other types of cloning produce complete, genetically identical animals. Blastomere separation (sometimes called "twinning" after the naturally occurring process that creates identical twins) involves splitting a developing embryo soon after fertilization of the egg by a sperm (sexual reproduction) to give rise to two or more embryos (Wilmut, 998). The resulting organisms are identical twins (clones) containing DNA from both the mother and the father. The second type of cloning that is more controversial in terms of its moral and ethical implications is when the identical material that has been generated consists of the DNA of only one parent. With the innovation of the second type of cloning that came primarily with the birth of Dolly, a number of moral, social, ethical and legal issues were raised with regard to it. Religious and social organizations were outraged at the prospect of creating animals (not to forget humans) that did not involve the natural process of conception. The right to create a life, they claimed was after all ultimately in the hands of the Creator and to play around with that was tantamount to interrupting the path of Nature (Wilmut, 1998). However before one moves on to discuss the moral and ethical dilemmas of cloning, it is important to briefly study the history of this controversial process."

Tags:genes, biology, medicine, egg, generic, scientists, research, cell, DNA, oval, offspring, chromosomes, fertilization

Abstract
This paper explores how human and embryonic cloning has and will affect our understanding of the nature vs. nurture debate. The paper points out that cloning does not produce individuals identical in personality to the original.

From the Paper
"The longstanding controversy over nature vs. nurture is being brought into focus by the introduction of human cloning. In the original debate one faction claimed that a person's nature-heredity and personality-was more important..."

Tags:nature, nurture, cloning, genetic determinism, social determinism

Abstract
""A clone is one or more identical organisms descending asexually from a single common ancestor" (Encarta 99). It is a copy or close reproduction of a DNA sequence or gene produced by genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is the alteration of an organism's genetic code, to remove characteristics of a creature that are not wanted and to replace them with desirable ones. Members of a clone are identical in their inherited characteristics except for differences caused by attitude. They have the identical genetic makeup of the parent organism. "

Tags:clone, dolly, genetics, biology, human, cloning

Abstract
This paper looks at some of the ethical issues surrounding the use of cloning. This paper looks at Dolly, the sheep, the first cloned mammal and discusses how the field has progressed since 1997. The paper also discusses the ethical issues that have come up in discussions about human cloning since the field is still so new and fells that many of the concerns expressed are a result of the unknown. The paper details the different arguments against human cloning , as well as the potential scientific advances that may come as a result of its use. The author argues that human cloning and genetic engineering may eventually gain more acceptance as did IVF, birth control pills and other medical procedures which were also challenged when they first were introduced.

From the Paper
"Bioethics, which is the study of value judgments pertaining to human conduct in the area of biology and includes those related to the practice of medicine, has been an important aspect of all areas in the scientific field (Bernstein, Maurice, M.D.). It is one of the factors that says whether or not certain scientific research can go on, and if it can, under which rules and regulations it must abide by. One of the most recent and controversial issues facing our society today is the idea of cloning. Dolly the sheep, was the first mammal clone, and was born in February 1997, in Edinburgh, Scotland. After considerable of news coverage, genetic engineering of DNA was in the spotlight. The world has had heatedly discussions over the issues surrounding cloning ever since."

Tags:bioethics, medicine, biology, cna, engineering, human, infertility, couples, treatment, knowledge, information, characteristics, benefits, personality, individuality

Abstract
This paper analyzes the ethical and moral issues concerning the cloning of human beings. The author touches on some aspects of cloning, how it has developed and its side-effects. The author gives an opinionated argument about the effects that cloning of human beings will have on society's perception of what it means to be a human being, as well as questions about a cloned individual's personal identity, uniqueness, and individuality.

From the Paper
"Recent news that scientists in Scotland had succeeded in cloning an adult sheep ignited a worldwide debate. Of particular concern are the ethical and social implications of the potential application of cloning techniques to produce human beings. The Scottish announcement marked the first time that researchers were able to produce an exact genetic replica of an adult animal."

Tags:cell, genetic, replica, science, identical, copy, embryo, clone, technology

Abstract
This paper looks at various arguments against human cloning including how human reproduction needs a connection between males and females; how it is 'playing God'; the affects on identity; and the dangers of 'designer babies'. The writer concludes that cloning is just like any other innovation ans should be taken forward, all be it carefully.

From the Paper
"The arguments against human cloning that this paper will look at fall into the two categories. 1) That the negative consequences of cloning humans outweigh the benefits and/or 2) That human cloning is somehow inherently wrong. This essay will look at various arguments against human cloning including: the idea that human reproduction needs a connection between male and female' the cloning of humans is 'playing God', cloning humans will affect our identity as humans, (particularly any cloned humans) and lastly that it introduces the dangers of 'designer babies' and a grand Eugenic design. My response attempts to be from a Christian perspective informed by arguments derived from current science."

Tags:baby, consequential, designer, eugenic, fatalism, god, playing, selection, versus, voluntarism

Abstract
An argumentative paper about the negative effects of human cloning. The author discusses the moral, ethical and religious issues that he believes outweigh the medical advances of cloning. Included is an overview of what cloning is and how it could effect society in the future.

From the Paper
"Human cloning is a controversial topic, the public regards it as inappropriate, while the leaders of certain scientific communities believe it is a sound practice that could be researched and used to benefit society. Human cloning is a form of genetic engineering, which most people consider morally wrong and, "Playing God". Through cloning an individual, you create an exact physical duplicate of that person, however, memories, personality and opinions are not recreated, and so differences do exist. Many pros and cons can be found when looking at cloning in depth, but it is my opinion that overall, it is not a beneficial procedure. There are just too many ethical issues that outweigh medical advances and prolonging life spans. A race has been started between scientists, everyone wants to be the first to clone an adult human, however with hopes of personal glorification and publicity, they have lost sight of the moral and religious issues at hand. Human cloning means creating a breed of people that have no flaws or imperfections, and since perfection does not exist, the clone could be nothing but a disappointment."

Tags:clones, ethics, genetics, twins

Abstract
This paper discusses the history, background and the complicated ethics regarding human cloning. The author looks at the science of cloning, pros and cons of cloning and argues that cloning is beneficial in the long run.

From the Paper
"There is no other topic in health care with more potential for controversy than human cloning. I decided to write my paper on human cloning for this very reason, it will be an even more controversial issue than abortion in the future for my generation. Indeed, cloning is a topic for the future but this future is much closer than many people would like to believe. Many have deep religious and ethical reasons for wanting a total ban on human cloning. However, there are also many people, including some scientists, who believe that the possible benefits of human cloning outweigh the risks by a huge margin. Cloning has become an issue within the past 4 years due to the realization that it is possible to clone a human being."

Tags:cells, clones, dolly, embryo, ethics, skin

Abstract
In vitro fertilisation has been used for decades and allows parents and doctors to screen embryos for genetic disorders and select healthy embryos. This paper investigates and rebuts the argument against genetic engineering and builds a strong case supporting 'designer babies'.

From the Paper
"An even greater and more controversial development in medical science is the technology of stem cells developed from early pre implanted human embryo, and in the near future, the ability to manipulate DNA. The new technology of stem cells will revolutionize medicine. When someone has a heart attack cells are damaged but a dose of new cells made in the lab could cure the harm. It will be possible to cure numerous cell-based diseases like juvenile-onset diabetes and Parkinson's disease, and to make organ transplants unnecessary. An American woman recently had her sight restored using eye cells harvested from stem cells. In future procedures like this could enhance the quality of life of humankind."

Tags:cloning, fertilisation, genetics, vitro, in, dna, disease