Abstract
This essay includes a brief description of the founding of the United Nations and then argues in its defense that it is a necessary global force.

From the Paper
"The United Nations began during World War II as a loosely organized confederation of states that had come together in alliance against the threat of German and Japanese imperial power, and as a successor to the failed League of Nations. However, it became a formal organization in 1945, when 46 member states attended the San Francisco Conference, and 51 member states signed the Charter of the United Nations. The principal organs of the Charter are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice and the Secretariat. The cardinal objective of the Charter is the promotion and maintenance of international peace and security. Through the principal and subsidiary organs, the United Nations is dedicated to carry out and promote "human rights, justice, social progress and better standards of life" all of which lead to a peaceful and healthy international community."

Tags:global, political, armed, forces, war, world, coalition

Abstract
This paper focuses on the various and varied sources used by Soustelle in his book in which the author provides a multi-perspective account into the daily life of the Aztecs. Soustelle draws upon original source documents from surviving texts and materials. He cites surviving Aztec documents such as the Codex Azcatitlan, Cronica Mexicayotl, and the Mapa Tlotzin; Soustelle also cites numerous Spanish sources written at the time of conquest.

From the Paper
"The Introduction to Daily Life of the Aztecs provides historical context and background to the ideas, issues, and facts Soustelle presents in the book. The author begins by reminding the reader that the Aztecs were only one of many Mexican civilizations that flowered since the third millennium, BCE. Furthermore, Soustelle notes that the Aztecs themselves conquered other cultures on Mexican soil to eventually attain dominance of the region. The area in question is Mexico-Tenochtitlan, or the valley now known as Mexico City. Because Aztec life during the fifteenth century was largely urban in nature, Soustelle is also able to hone in on the specifics of city life. This makes the material extremely accessible to modern readers, who can relate to many of the aspects of daily life depicted in Soustelle's book. The introduction also clarifies the source documents. The Aztecs were dedicated to chronicling their culture, as they were proud and self-conscious people. Their language was a sophisticated set of figurative and phonetic pictographs. Unfortunately, after conquest, most of the Aztec writings were destroyed. The Spaniards, when they first encountered the Aztec people, deemed them immoral savages incapable of producing anything of true worth. Soustelle does a great job of emphasizing the horrendous nature of the conquest, even as he is able to describe some of the more brutal activities the Aztecs themselves engaged in. Soustelle's account is honest but not without opinion"

Tags:Codex, Azcatitlan, Cronica, Mexicayotl, Mapa, Tlotzin

Abstract
This paper explores the large difference between the European/Spanish opinion on gold and wealth in general and the Incan opinion. The paper begins by explaining that in Spain, gold was something that could be acquired and made, to be spent on other objects and services. The paper then looks at the area of the Andes, where all gold was the sole property of the Sapa Inca who then distributed the wealth in the form of clothes and food according to your seniority. Also unlike in Spain, the Sapa Incaes, distributed food and clothes to the needy and old from his imperial stor.

From the Paper
"Five hundred years ago two hundred Spanish conquistadors under the command of Hernando Pizarro invaded the Incan empire from the new Spanish frontier-town of Panama. Over the next 100 years the cruel, relentless Spanish and the diseases that they brought from Europe would decimate the entire Indian population of the Andes almost destroying a way of life and a culture that had been nurtured in isolation for hundreds of years. In the process the Inca lost everything - their land, gold, status and right to practice their own religion as they were Christianize and moved to forced labour camps to mine the gold that the Spanish yearned for so much. Even today most of the Indians live in the slums of the Andean cities or in isolated communities up in the mountains. In the days of the Inca, due to strict organization on the part of the Sapa Inca (Emperor), no one would ever have starved or been left homeless. Nowadays many of the native peoples of South America live below the poverty line."

Tags:america, indian, south, wealth, jewel, royal

Abstract
In the 1920's Hitler created a youth movement that would spearhead a new generation of superior Germans. He named it the Hitler Jugend or Hitler Youth. The paper looks at the circumstances in which the Hitler Youth was introduced and why it was so popular with German youths. It discusses the purpose of the movement including the activities it involved.

From the Paper
"By 1933 Hitler's dream of the Hitler Youth being a staging point for a new Germany was set back when he found out that only but 100 thousand members were part of it. Hitler was not swayed by this, and in 1934 when he came to complete power, he concluded that in order to make the Hitler Youth an epic organization, all other youth groups must be shut down and the Hitler Youth must be the sole and best organization for young Germans. His idea worked and with much encouragement and promotion of the benefits of joining, by 1936 the number of members had reached a staggering 4 million. Although this was a huge number Hitler was not convinced that it would satisfy his dreams, so in that same year, 1936, Hitler made it compulsory to be a member but not compulsory to be an active one. In 1939 and the introduction of war, attendance of non-active members had dropped to 25%, so Hitler made it compulsory to be an active member."

Tags:jugend, nazi, propaganda, reich, third

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history of professional police forces in Britain, the US, and Australia, starting in the 18th century. Includes an analysis of the how the general population regards police.

From the Paper
"The modern day police force is often taken for granted. People assume that the police will always be there whenever needed and probably always have been. A second thought is rarely ever entered into of the origins of the police force. But it was not until the nineteenth century that a police force remotely similar to what we have come to know in the present time emerged. In times of rapid social change and widespread disorder, a force of individuals became necessary to uphold and enforce the public law."

Tags:police, great, britain, ireland, bolshevism, catholic

Abstract
This paper examines how the three great civilizations of Persia, Greece and Rome relied heavily on the strength and success of their armies. It looks at how each nation, during its time of reign, trained and equipped their armies to better their chances on the battlefield. It discusses how the Persians with their vast numbers of troops armed with bows and sword and how he Greeks and Romans with their superior weapons and war strategies, earned the reputation of the most feared and respected armies in the known world.

From the Paper
"A large portion of the foundations of any successful army relied upon the type of weapons each soldier was armed with and how effective the arms were against the enemy. It did not take long for an army equipped with the best weaponry and siege weapons to completely slay an entire opposition that was armed with mere sticks and clubs. During their reign of power, the Romans had over time devised new weaponry technology, which continued to make their weapons ever increasingly more effective killing machines in battles. Each legionary was equipped with a spear amongst their other surplies and tools."

Tags:advantages, battles, civilisations, history, others, over, stratergies, time, weapons

Abstract
This essay examines the economic causes of the Great Depression and evaluates why it was such a significant event in world history. The Great Depression was one of the darkest periods of the 20th Century, the entire capitalist world economy came precariously close to collapse. It affected virtually every civilian of Western civilization from the wealthy bourgeoisie to the poor proletariat. The paper focuses on the Wall Street crash and the Smoot-Hawley Tariff and the role that each played in precipitating the Great Depression and puts forward extensive evidence that suggests that the Wall Street crash actually played a bigger role than the Smoot-Hawley Tariff.

From the Paper
"As a fundamental principle of economics is that voluntary trade makes everyone involved better-off, economists were almost uniformly critical of the Smoot-Hawley tariff, and Hoover received a petition signed by more than 1,000 economists urging him to veto the bill. Ultimately, he signed the Smoot-Hawley bill into law on June 17, 1930. Once enacted, it established the highest average tariff level in American history. As Kenneth Davidson said: "The Smoot-Hawley tariff was part of the general "beggar thy neighbour" polices adopted worldwide during the early 1930s." While the Wall Street crash had a clear and direct impact on the American economy, the effect of the Smoot-Hawley tariff on precipitating the Great Depression is plagued with ambiguity as it had more of a vague indirect global impact."

Tags:crash, hawley, smoot, street, tariff, wall

Abstract
The author wrestles with Alexander the Greats' inclinations towards both good and evil in an attempt to show that he deserved the title: "Great". By comparing and contrasting, she is able to build a case that he was, indeed, as his name implies, 'Great'. With some interesting quotes from people that knew Alexander the Great personally.

From the Paper
"Alexander the Great was a charismatic person who won the heart of the people he ruled throughout his short reign. He led them to victory against their enemies and had a generous nature. There was another side to Alexander though; he could be cruel, irrational and was known for his drunken rages. Despite his faults, Alexander's conquests, achievements and personal traits made him worthy of the title, "the Great." "

Tags:alexander, ancient, great, greece, greek, history, macedonia, military

Abstract
This paper evaluates both the short and long term significance of the New Deal. It concerns not only the New Deal's immediate recovery efforts but its wider influence on the development of capitalism itself. The writer shows how Roosevelt's plan totally changed the economic governing to date and took America and ultimately the world economy out of the depression of the 1930's. The paper includes a number of quotes from politicians and analysts of the time.

From the Paper
"There can be no doubting the significance of the New Deal. In addition to its critical immediate effects, the New Deal set a remarkably different economic trend for the twentieth century. Gauged by the program's two distinct phases of influence " its short and long term impacts " the New Deal's monumental significance is clear. In the short term the program led to a recovery of the United States economy and the comprehensive reform of American industry, agriculture and commerce."

Tags:capitalism, democratic, economic, history, recovery

Abstract
The paper examines the reconstruction of family composition in 17th and 18th centuries by historian, P. Laslett in his book "The World We Have Lost". It explores why some theories such as the late age of first marriage that was apparently unique to pre-modern Europe, have not been challenged, while others, such as the notion of a stable nuclear pattern, have been disputed at length.

From the Paper
"Because early modern Europe was principally a rural and class-based society, the family structure during this era was highly reliant upon on social rank. When there was land and money at stake, marriage within the same social class was paramount. The poor were also limited to marrying within their social class, but had a larger pool of potential mates from which to choose. This was a time in history in which two-generation households, rather than three-generation households, were customary. The oldest members of the household traditionally bestowed any holdings they had to the next generation upon retirement, and remained in close proximity to the family. The close support that existed between relatives living in separate but neighboring homes makes it difficult to distinguish whether the independent nuclear family was the basic family unit during this time, or whether it was actually the extended family (Laslett, 1984)."

Tags:18th, 19th, Weber, Karl, Marx, Western