Abstract
This paper discusses how the American Civil Rights Movement was primarily a nonviolent struggle by African-Americans to obtain full rights, protections and equality under the law. It looks at how, although in many aspects the Civil Rights Movement continues it struggle for equality today, it actually began with the start of the Civil War and really took off in the 1960s. It looks at how the Civil Rights Movement has seen many successes and failures including boycotts, sit-ins, ride-ins and victories in the Supreme Court and how it has been led by such leaders as W.E.B Dubois, Thurgood Marshall and Dr. Martin Luther Jr.

Outline:
Introduction
Civil Rights Movement Background
Civil Rights Movement Timeline (1865-1955)
The Aims of the Civil Rights Movement
Major Players and Their Role in the Movement
Successes and Failures of the Movement
Other Movements with Roots in the Sixties
Conclusion

From the Paper
"After the Civil War, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1865. The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery. In 1868, the 14th Amendment was passed. This amendment made anyone born in the United States a naturalized citizen and afforded them equal protection under the law. The amendment however although providing equal protection to all citizens, created what is known as the separate by equal doctrine or better known as segregation. In 1870, the 15th Amendment was passed which provided voting rights to all citizens regardless of race. But with the passing of this amendment it, it did not remove literacy tests to qualify voters. This test was particularly used to eliminate black voters. "

Tags:Martin Luther King slavery 14th Amendment segregation DuBois Thurgood Marshall

Abstract
This paper examines the proposal for legalization of same-sex marriage, and how it is one of the most significant issues in contemporary American family law. The author discusses the potential consequences of legalizing same-sex marriage, both positive and negative, for children, parents, same-sex couples, families, and the social structure. Litigation and current laws regarding this issue are discussed. Arguments are made for the legalization of same-sex marriage.

From the Paper
"Marriage has changed greatly throughout the years. In Western law, wives are now equal rather than subordinate partners; interracial marriage is now widely accepted, both in statute and in society; and marital failure itself, rather than the fault of one partner, may be grounds for a divorce. Social change has been felt in marriages in recent years as divorce rates have increased and have been integrated into upper class families. Proposals to legalize same-sex marriage or to enact broad domestic partnership laws are currently being promoted by gay and lesbian activists, especially in Europe and North America."

Tags:homosexuality, sociology, gay, lesbian, legislation, equal, protection, couple, family, states

Abstract
Argues against institutionalizing single-sex marriages. Discusses societal views on legally sanctioned homosexual union. Benefits and problems for single-sex partners. Civil inequality involved. Changes in marriage over the years. Need to protect traditional marriage. Denfense of current marriage laws. Dangers of widening the definition of marriage structure.

From the Paper
"This research provides a counterargument to advocacy of gay marriage. The research will set forth the cultural context in which the issue has arisen in recent years and then discuss reasons that prevent acceptance that institutionalizing gay marriage is either necessary to or desirable for the integrity or the benefit of American civil society.
An Associated Press poll conducted in 2000 found that by a thin majority (51%), Americans are opposed to single-sex marriage; 34% are said to approve of such marriages, while 41% are said to approve of single-sex "domestic partnerships." More than 50% of the poll sample supported the rights of homosexual couples to receive insurance, Social Security, and inheritance benefits from their partners (Barillas, 2001). Numbers may not suit the strongest advocates of gay marriage, but significant ..."

Abstract
The situation of the HIV/AIDS client in the United States has changed dramatically in the past few years with the development of new drugs, which seem to promise an extended lifespan to the client. In many instances, however, clients are still too disabled to return to full-time employment in their old jobs. They may also have lost relationships, friends, houses, families, and many of the identifiers that gave their lives meaning. While all this loss may allow for re-creation or transformation of the self, this does not come easily. This paper focuses on the situation of HIV/AIDS clients and the application of existential therapy to their problems. It also provides a history and definition of this particular type of therapy and explains how it differs from the more conventional psychotherapy. The paper includes an outline.

From the Paper
"There are two sets of problems associated with HIV/AIDS, the physiological problems and the psychosocial issues. The latter apply to all clients with HIV/AIDS, but there are some particular problems associated with the chosen population of gay males. This is still a stigmatized population (Weitz, 1991). While children and hemophiliacs are considered to be "innocent" victims of HIV/AIDS, this language implies that gay males are not innocent nor victims. Instead, there is a segment of the population that believes that gay males are primarily responsible for HIV/AIDS in this country, others who believe that only gay people get HIV/AIDS, and still others who believe that HIV/AIDS is a punishment from god."

Tags:Viktor, Frankl, Rollo, May

Abstract
This paper offers a brief discussion about the rights of gays and lesbians to be allowed to marry in a legal and official manner. It mentions some previous civil suit court hearings in which this matter was raised and also social and ethical ramifications of this debate.

From the Paper
"An issue much argued in recent years is whether or not homosexuals should be allowed to marry one another. Arguments have been offered on both sides, with those in the gay community arguing why they should be allowed to marry, and with opposing forces arguing why they should not. One reason offered by gays is fairness, notably that they want access to the various social and economic benefits currently denied to gay people because they cannot marry. Society for the most part has so far deemed marriage to mean more than this and to have at least the possibility of procreating children is used as an argument to deny gays the right to marry one another. Only Hawaii has taken a contrary position, while a few other states have offered a form of rights to benefits for couples without including marriage."

Tags:gay, lesbian, wedding, couple

Abstract
This paper is an argumentative essay promoting the legalization of same-sex marriages. The author focuses on the legal aspects of same sex marriages arguing for the legal rights such as insurance and parental status that need to be enforced.

From the Paper
"The proposed legalization of same-sex marriages is one of the most significant, yet controversial issues facing America today. Same-sex marriages, also known as Civil Unions, should be legalized in every state in the United States. Right now, in the United States, same-sex couples do not receive the same benefits and legal rights that married couples take for granted. These benefits include cheaper health insurance rates, life insurance benefits, funeral leave of absence from work, legal parental status with a partner's child, and significant tax reductions."

Tags:civil, gay, homosexual, marriages, rights, unions, sex

Abstract
This paper examines the sexual undertones of the two novels, showing the victorian preoccupation with homosexuality and expiation of sin. The paper shows how each novel explores homosexuality as a factor of its time and place in society. In Faulkner's novel, the idea of "coming out" as we know it is discussed, while James' novel mentions the fear and repression associated with homosexuality at the time.

From the Paper
"In the late eighteenth century, notions of modesty and propriety meant that there were few ways in which sexuality could be discussed openly in a social setting. Gothic narrative served as an outlet. In Victorian Supernatural fiction, the anxieties surrounding homosexuality is a very prominent theme. However, due to the cultural status of homosexuality as taboo, the subject is heavily veiled in literature. In John Mead Faulkner's "The Lost Stradivarius," the story appears to be about a young man's obsession with a wonderful musical instrument and a particular piece of music. Through carefully disguised metaphor's, the story conveys pertinent information regarding the reception of homosexuality in England during the Victorian period. Similarly, Henry James' psychological tale, "The Turn of the Screw" subtly deals with homosexuality as taboo, and elucidates the repercussions of sexual deviance in children."

Tags:decadence, decay, ghost, john, lost, spectres, stradivarius, turn, violin

Abstract
This essay takes its basis from the comment of one politician regarding his "reservations" about homosexuals in the police force. It argues the moral implications of discriminating against gay men and women as projected into the greater community. Highlights outdated beliefs and humanitarian arguments.

From the Paper
"The Victorian Police Minister's comments regarding his "great reservations about gays and lesbians in our police force" has been met with public outrage. So too has the Police Force's threat to sack three police members who responded to the Police Minister's comments. However, these comments and threatened sackings have a much more widespread implication for our society than momentary outrage. They have an implication for homosexuals in our community on a whole and not just homosexuals in the police force."

Tags:argumentative, editor, homosexuality, letter

Abstract
This paper looks at two views of the origins of homosexuality - the environmental stance of one's upbringing and the biological viewpoint of an anatomical or genetic linkage. Throughout this paper the writer explores the realm of environmental and biological constructions of male homosexuality, their theorised components and the issues involving treatment.

From the Paper
"The origin of an individual's sexual orientation embodies a complex political issue both biologically and environmentally. Homosexuality is a controversial topic which lacks a proven scientific foundation due to ambiguous causal inferences and methodological issues (LeVay, 1991; Hamer, 1993). Dr Rudegeair, an American Psychologist, claims that this notorious sexual variation is a product of poor parenting and effeminate behaviour throughout childhood (Burke, 2003). Fuelled by religious dogma this claim is supported by Sydney's Archbishop, Pell who claims that it is treatable (Burke, 2003). Contrary to this environmental stance is the biological viewpoint of an anatomical or genetic linkage."

Tags:biological, determined, gay, origin, social, genetic

Abstract
This paper discusses how "Thelma and Louise" strayed from the typical "road movie" formula in terms of casting, theme and storyline. It shows how the film not only helped to redefine gender stereotypes but also paved the way for other women, as well as gays, people of color and other traditionally underrepresented groups, to become "road movie heroes" as well.

From the Paper
"The conventional road movie twosome, which is usually comprised of either two young males or a male and female with a romantic connection, has permeated the genre since its inception. Thelma and Louise broke that tradition by not only using two female protagonists, but by portraying men in a consistently negative light; essentially as either "rapists", "bullies" or "boy toys"."

Tags:action, adventure, film, gender, roles, theme, gay, color