Abstract
A look at race relations in Australia in view of changing culture and how this is reflected in treatment of refugees, asylum seekers and indigenous Australians. Takes a look into the issues of land rights, the stolen generation, asylum seekers vs. 'genuine' refugees and detention centres.

From the Paper
"Issues surrounding refugees and Indigenous Australians have featured prominently in the media over the last few years, covering areas such as the growing ethnic diversity of Australia, asylum seekers and their right to settle, the treatment of detainees, the stolen generation, mandatory detention, land rights for Aboriginals and Indigenous health. Whilst it has to be said that this has greatly increased the general public's awareness of these issues, it is becoming increasingly apparent that everyday Australians seem willing to place their opinions on the rights and experiences of these two minority groups - refugees and Indigenous Australians - into the "too hard" basket. Also, not knowing much about these two groups and their experiences means that most Australians form their perception of them from stories in the media and what they see on TV and in movies. Could this be contributing to the negative stereotypes and racist sentiment within our society - all too willing to refer to the stereotypes of ungrateful detainees burning down their quarters or the drunken Aboriginals in the middle of Victoria Square?"

Tags:aboriginals, aborigines, asylum, conflict, culture, discrimination, ethnic, freedom, hanson, howard, human, land, multicultural, race, racism, rights, seekers, sorry

Abstract
This essay discusses Japan, in terms of culture, as well as attractions. It explores possible reasons for tourists being reluctant to visit Japan. The paper then offers unique ideas on how Japan could market tourism to other areas of the world, in order to encourage tourists to visit.

From the Paper
"Despite Japan's facade of modernity, from its city skylines and "Bullet Trains" to its millions of people who seem to have high-tech cell phones glued to their ears, traditional Japan still exists in a huge network of inns and restaurants, and in arts, crafts and customs that have not changed in over a thousand years. The deceptive thing about Tokyo is that it seems surprisingly Western on the surface with Western looking buildings, McDonald's franchises and kids listening to rap music. It seems like you might as well be in Los Angeles. Yet you don't need to dig very deep to discover the Japanese soul beneath the Western facade. One of the most appealing aspects of travelling in Japan is the richness of culture that can be encountered. Advertisement should grasp that despite Japan's apparent Western aspirations, it is uniquely Japanese. "

Tags:advertisement, japan, japanese, tourism, tourist

Abstract
The paper argues that the Australian assimilation policy is not only racist, but designed so indigenous people would fail at assimilation. The paper discusses the "stolen generation" and illustrates how non-indigenous Australians design policies with little real regard for indigenous Australians. The paper examines the genocide of indigenous Australians and their deaths in custody.

From the Paper
"Since the European invasion until very recently, Australian government policy relating to Indigenous people has been designed and implemented by non-Indigenous people. The common justification for most policies for Indigenous Australians was that they were "for their own good" . There have been policies of "protection, assimilation, self-determination and reconciliation". It is now clear that none of these policies have actually made the conditions of Australia's Indigenous people any better than they were prior to the invasion."

Tags:stolen, generations, deaths, custody, genocide, Aboriginals

Abstract
This paper considers the symbolic construction of space and the way space is utilised within and around the Uluru Kata Tjuta National Park. Uluru is a point and the physical interface where Western and indigenous cultures interact. It looks at how the Uluru provides a unique insight into differences between contemporary society and the mores of an older culture. The paper includes graphics.

Outline
People About the Rock
Arid Architecture and Design
Absence of Monuments
Fashions of Fire
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The sheer size and bulk of Uluru with hundreds of nooks and crannies provides shelter, resources and inspiration to local Indigenous people for thousands of years. The numerous panels of parietal art adorning both living areas and ritual places around Uluru evidence this strong connection. The association of rock art and oral histories make Uluru 'highly identifiable' with a particular group (Burke 1999), the Anangu who are the traditional owners. Anangu creation stories and symbolic art on its surface bears testimony to the central place Uluru plays in Tjukurpa or the law of Traditional Owners."

Tags:art, monuments, mythology, parietal

Abstract
Violent conflict is well documented in human history and certainly appears in many prehistorical finds. The writer provides a systematic and comparative study of warfare from an archaeological perspective. This paper shows that the frequency and severity of war is commensurate and indeed rises with increased complexity of social interactions.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Definition of War
Pre-state and State Societies
Civilization
Prehistoric War
Hebrews: Pre-Monarchy
Hebrew Monarchy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Has the frequency and severity of warfare increased? More specifically, have these levels escalated compared to pre-state societies and societies of state? Firstly, in answering this question a definition of war is proposed, followed by a classification of societies, and a definition of the term 'civilization'. Secondly, details of prestate Hebrew society and their early state civilization will be contrasted. Finally, the contemporary Assyrian state that ultimately dominated the Hebrews is reviewed. In this assessment the essay draws on various historical and archaeological accounts that portray the increased frequency and severity of war."

Tags:Hebrew, Israelites, prehistoric, society, civilization

Abstract
This essay demonstrates the erratic history of indigenous land claims in Australia, from the colonial period to advancements made under legislative modernization today. The paper begins with a quote by Mudrooroo, to show just how frustrating the situation is. The paper concludes that Indigenous Australians are finally being recognized as the original owners of this country, although much needs to be done before the struggle is over.

From the Paper
"In 1788, the Indigenous people were violently deprived of their land rights. Their struggle for the return of these rights has proved a tumultuous journey through the history of Australia, often exposing fundamentally racist beliefs and laws. Recent legislation has paved the way for greater victories for Indigenous Australians, although the extent to which even these are just remains questionable."

Tags:aborigine, land, law, mabo, dreamtime

Abstract
This paper offers a review of the though provoking novel "Montana 1948" by Larry Watson. The writer shows how racism, as seen in the novel, can result in tragedy. The book is the retrospective tale of a childhood event told by the protagonist David Hayden forty years later. The story evolves around the alleged professionally unacceptable behavior of a physician towards his Indian patients.

From the Paper
"Among David's primary recollections concerning the events of 1948 is the realization that Marie Little Soldier's bedroom was "a small room off the kitchen," despite the fact that there was a "third bedroom" vacant on the second floor the floor where the white people slept. "Who decided that room should not be Marie's?" Despite the Hayden's tolerant and benevolent appearance, and their adequate treatment of Marie, they obviously are subtly influenced by the prejudice based on the belief in the superiority of a particular race. Wesley "was not a hate filled bigot he probably thought he was free of prejudice." Wes was able to "treat Indians with generosity, kindness, and respect" nevertheless he believed Indians' were ignorant, lazy, superstitious and irresponsible."

Tags:david, malouf, prejudice, racism, indian, native

Abstract
The universal declaration of human rights is dissected in this paper in order to challenge the notion of human rights and religion interacting cohesively. The three major religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam and their opinions on human rights are carefully examined in this paper, as well as their differences and similarities regarding this issue. Several examples of said human rights violations are described in respect to these religions. This paper tries to find a balance between human rights and respect for religious belief , which depends on the most important human right, the right to choose.

From the Paper
"Judaism, Christianity and Islam have much in common. All are, "founded on the eternal command to love one God, oneself, and all neighbors. Each tradition recognizes a canonical text as its highest authority- the Bible, the Torah and the Quran." The similarities continue in delegating authority to officials to propagate the faith, the embracing of an expanding body to interpret and enforce the religion's decree, the presence of a refined legal structure (the canon law, Halakha and Sharia) and the endeavor of each religion to imbue its religious, ethical and legal values into the daily lives of individuals and communities. Religious laws are not necessarily in breach of human rights so long as the freedom to choose religion or no religion is acknowledged. However, as has happened throughout history and even today, when religious laws are constructed by a state affecting all citizens, their option of a different or no religion becomes impossible."

Tags:declaration, human, islam, muslim, nations, religion, rights, united, universal, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, freedom, of, speech

Abstract
The essay explores the legal positivist separation thesis. It approaches the question of whether it is possible to separate law and morality from two aspects- first, the content of the law and secondly, the judicial decision making process. The writer makes reference to the policy of removing part-Aboriginal children from their families and communities, and placing them in special purpose institutions to support his argument.

From the Paper
"It has been described as ;arguably the most tragic and shameful chapter in Australia";s history.; From the late nineteenth century to the late 1960's, Australian governments carried out the policy of removing part-Aboriginal children from their families and communities, placing them in special purpose institutions. Often, these removals were carried out by force. The purpose of this removal policy was to assimilate the part-Aboriginals with the white community as the full-blooded Aboriginals were believed to be a doomed race in the sense that they would die out. A large number of the children suffered physical and emotional mistreatment following the removal from their families. The children who were removed under this policy came to be known as ";the stolen generation" This sets the backdrop against which I will discuss whether it is possible to separate law and morality with respect to the Australian court"s law making power.4 The separation of law and morality is the foundation of legal positivism. Positivists often criticize natural law theorists for blurring the line between law and morals. This essay aims, by examining three stolen generation cases, to illustrate that the separation of law and morality is both possible and impossible, depending on how one defines the phrase ";separation of law and morality."

Tags:aboriginees, australia, children, generation, indigenous, law, legal, morality, positive, racism, stolen, system

Abstract
This paper applies the identity theory to the case of immigration in the United States. It asks if the United States should continue to allow Immigrants to enter the U.S. seeking refuge and citizenship, when the nations states are already overly populated? It questions whether immigrants should be allowed to enter the U.S. and work when there are hundreds of citizens and native-born Americans already unemployed and desperately searching for work. It uses these questions as example of the conflicting messages immigrants and their children face in modern day society, and explains how they add to the increasingly complex problem of finding identity in a torn nation.

From the Paper
"The United States is world known for its ethnic diversity, due in part to the immigration allowed over several years. Many people however, fail to find a means to foster inter-racial and ethnic identities, thus causing much conflict and a lack of a uniform sense of identity. The social issue relates to finding a common identity in a nation of multi-ethnicities. Children of immigrants are now coming of age, and from a social psychological stand will make the most lasting impression on society. The character of society will be shaped by their experiences."

Tags:ethnic, diversity, america, racial, employment, population