Behaviour Modification

Paper Summary:

This paper examines how the behaviour modification techniques that have appeared most effective in the special education setting are mainly positive reinforcement and contingency management. It discusses how teachers should attempt to ensure that they provide frequent but variable ratio reinforcement for appropriate behaviour and how they should deny inappropriate behaviour reinforcement by means of time out or other contingency management. It also contends that just as students vary in their learning styles, teachers may need to identify different techniques to be effective for individual students.

From the Paper:

"Behaviour modification techniques using the theories of operant conditioning include positive and negative reinforcement, contingency management, and operant aversion therapy. Positive reinforcement aims to increase the frequency of a behaviour by giving the subject a reinforcer (or reward) for the behaviour. In the educational setting, the reinforcer may be combined with the feedback that the behaviour is correct and or appropriate, taking the form of praise, recognition, ticks, stamps, stickers, or good marks. (Favaro, 1986 as cited in Laird, 1992). Some students may not respond to these less concrete reinforcers and a more concrete reward may be required. "

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