Abstract
This paper defines and compares the theories of learning from the behaviorist perspective and the cognitive point of view. The author discusses the contribution of psychologists in theses respective fields and concludes that a more detailed theory including situational characteristics is necessary.

From the Paper
"Behaviorism is a theory of animal and human learning that focuses on objectively observable behaviors; behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior through a process of conditioning. Classic conditioning occurs when a natural reflex responds to a stimulus; a certain stimulus will produce a biological response. The most popular example is Pavlov's observation that dogs salivate when they eat or even see food."

Tags:learn, educate, teach, bahviorism, cognitive, conditioning

Abstract
This paper compares Piaget's theory of cognitive development to the social learning theory. This paper examines Piaget's child development theory that mains that children have ability to construct meaningful concepts and representations all through a series of various stages. In addition, it analyzes Bandura's theory which contends that children learn new behaviors by observing other people and model their own behavior and develop their own beliefs and standards that eventually impact their progress in the educational system. The author concludes that these do not contradict each but rather complement each other.

From the Paper
"In recent years, the field of education has been transformed by intensive theoretical and practical research into the ways that children develop the cognitive capacity for handling complex learning tasks. Some researchers have focused more upon the natural, or biological, aspects of cognitive development, which can be generalized across all human cultures; others, more upon the social aspects, which are culturally conditioned. The challenge for educators in the UK is now to integrate this vast body of theory and research into curriculum and classroom practice. Most researchers in the field agree that a Piaget-derived developmental learning theory must be augmented by some appreciation of the way that concrete social interaction guides and shapes children's acquisition of skills. A pedagogical approach drawing at once upon developmental and social learning theory may be the best way to achieve society's educational aims, while at the same time encouraging creativity and exploration on the part of children. While it would not be possible to exhaust this topic in a short paper, I propose to briefly consider the theories of Piaget and Bandura in the context of children's development of the ability to handle language (in particular, in the area of literacy)."

Tags:social, cultural, educational, sensorimotor, mental, schemes, processes, assimilation, accommodation, pedagogy, memory, problem, solving, perception, equilibration, modeling, develop, observation, beliefs

Abstract
The writer presents the advantages of establishing a firm study routine for students when managing the load of school work and explains that this forms excellent habits for later life. The paper also gives practical advice for planning a schedule to assist in time management.

From the Paper
"To prevent wasting time, we must be able to set a well-defined goal, organize around priorities, and keep on track. One of the primary benefits of a time management program for studying is that it eliminates (or at least reduces) procrastination and a haphazard approach to school work, two characteristics that are typical of many students. Establishing a firm study routine has numerous advantages for individuals. First, a study routine keeps time from slipping away. Next, a study routine takes advantage of the fact that once a habit or routine is formed, it has a momentum of its own."

Tags:school, student, time, management, routine, schedule

Abstract
This paper takes a general look at autism, examining possible causes and the characteristics and symptoms of the disorder that lead to diagnosis, and shows how educational programs can help lessen the degree of autism a person suffers from.

From the Paper
"Autism is a developmental disability that almost always appears in the first three years of life. The result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain; autism and its associated behaviors have been estimated to occur in as many as 1 in 500 individuals (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997). Autism occurs four times more frequently in boys than in girls, and cannot be correlated to race, ethnic background, family income, education level or lifestyle. "

Tags:autistic, disorder, symptom, mental, health

Abstract
This paper begins with an overview of some of the major ideas of human development. The overview includes a discussion of Eric Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, and Jean Piaget's four major stages of cognitive development. The paper suggests that teachers who understand these theories have a better chance of applying them in the classroom and boosting their students' self-esteem. Finally, a soft and relaxing classroom environment, emotionally responsive teachers, effective discipline strategies and multi-cultural classrooms are discussed as ways of putting the development theories into practice.

From the Paper
"They also want to do many things that adults do and in the process, and if they overstep their bounds a little, they might feel a little guilty. One example of this is when a 3 year old wanted to make breakfast for her parents one Sunday morning. She got out all of the condiments, milk, and eggs from the refrigerator, and set them on the floor. She was about to start "cooking" when her mom got up. The child was in trouble, because she tried to do "adult" things, but was developmentally unable to complete her "mission". Her parents were worried about her safety, but she didn't see it that way and felt bad about what happened."

Tags:bandura, developmental, education, erikson, piaget, psychology, teachers, teaching

Abstract
This paper examines the benefits and disadvantages of inclusion programs from the point of view of the student as well as the teacher.
Inclusion means keeping special education students in regular classrooms and bringing the special support services to them. It discusses the affect it has on the children's education and on their parents. It details the types of schools where inclusion is more successful and where it is less successful. It discusses psychological and educational research done on this issue and presents its conclusions. It discusses several relevant education models such as: The itinerant model, used for certain categories of special education and the consultation model, when the teacher remains in one or two buildings with larger numbers of students to serve.

From the Paper
"In schools where collaboration was successfully implemented, the special needs children developed improved social skills, greater motivation to learn, and increased self-esteem. Positive peer relationships developed. In these situations, "Collaboration brought complementary professional skills to planning, preparation, and delivery of classroom instruction" [Ripley, 1997]. "The concepts of individualized instruction, multiple learning styles, team teaching, weekly evaluation, and detailed planning are all of direct benefit to students "[Ripley, 1997] Middle Schools easily lend themselves to the principles of collaboration. Collaboration is an important process of general education of Middle School Students where interdisciplinary teams often share in planning [Hines, 2001]. Middle school structures can be used as a model for special education inclusion."

Tags:special, general, eductaion, teachers, inclusion, program, students, collaboration, middle, school

Abstract
This paper examines managing challenging behavior in the classroom by taking a deeper look at its causes. First, the paper presents the factors that affect behavior in the classroom. Then individual theories, such as those of Maslow and Adler, are presented. The paper then describes how teachers can apply these theories to the classroom and manage it more effectively. These approaches involve structuring a physical environment that promotes a healthy learning environment and also rewarding positive behavior. Above all, the paper stressed preventing challenging behavior before it occurs by using the approaches from the beginning of the school year.

From the Paper
"Home, peer group and social factors affect behavior in the classroom; these factors have negative aspects that influence student behaviors. Negative aspects of home environments can be; poverty, child abuse, lack of family support and domestic violence. Challenging behavior can result from many factors such as the environment, classroom setup / dynamics, family, ethnicity and religion. (Arthur-Kelly, et al., 2007). When looking at an individual's ecology the affects of their behavior and the environment can be shaped by the individual, (Cole & Chan, 1994). Students who come from minority groups or disadvantaged homes can suffer from adjustment problems as they seem or feel out of place and have difficulty with new social contexts."

Tags:positive rewards, Maslow, Adler, teachers

Abstract
This essay compares teaching with artistry, defining each term and drawing comparisons. The author uses quotations from an extensive range of research material to support this comparison. The essay also explores the notion of a teaching philosophy, discussing several examples. The primary focus of the paper is teaching in drama. The paper emphasizes the classroom as a safe haven for students and amount of learning done by a teacher in the process of teaching.

From the Paper
"Within the drama classroom I strive to always treat every student with the respect owing to them both as people and as artists. I therefore endeavor to value all students' contributions to the creative process."

Tags:artist, classroom, comparison, educator, metaphor, philosophy, role, student, teacher, teaching

Abstract
This paper defines and examines the different types of learning disabilities that affect children. The author looks at research studies that compare the achievement of children with learning disabilities like dyslexia with children who are not impaired by a disability. The paper discusses LDs in conjunction with behavioral and emotional disabilities as well. The paper also mentions strategies that may improve the educational goals of children with LDs.

From the Paper
"It is not easy to say who is a learning disabled. A lot of arguments have taken place for a certain time in order to classify the learning disabled. According to the term "specific learning disability" means a disorder in one or more basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations."

Tags:education, teach, method, brain, dysfunction, dyslexia, behavior, emotional, research, children, language, training

Abstract
An exploration of the impact that the cultural and social backgrounds of students has upon the probability of a student experiencing success at school. The challenges that the cultural and social diversity of students poses to teaching and teachers is also explored.

From the Paper
Harris (1996) suggests that schools' institutionalized practices create educational advantages or disadvantages for students. It is predominantly students from low socio-economic backgrounds who choose or are channeled into the non-academic streams, thus limiting their chances of entry into tertiary education and ultimately professional careers. Hatton (1994) and Malin (Hatton, 1994) describe how schools can systematically disadvantage groups in society. Hatton reveals ways in which underprivileged families or those not from the middle class do not always comprehend their rights as parents in pursuing grievances. Malin states that intelligence and standardized academic achievement tests are culturally biased and she appeals for teachers' pedagogy to be more sensitive to cultural differences.

Tags:achievement, backgrounds, classroom, cultural, culture, difference, diversity, economic, learning, parents, pedagogy, schools, sensitive, social, socio, status, students, success, teachers, teaching