Abstract
The paper explains that an "Ahha moment" is usually a sudden realization of an understanding of a concept. The author relates that her "Ahha" happened during an operation in which she, as a surgery nurse, was able to use her prior experience to pick up cues from the situation and act quickly, thus demonstrating Benner's fifth stage of professional nursing development. The paper stresses that experience is essential for the development of professional expertise.

From the Paper
"In Stage One of Benner's theory, the novice has little or no experience. The circulating nurse who had to be told to get the crash cart is an example of this stage. Stage Two is identified as the advance beginner. According to Benner, in this stage the nurse has experienced enough real situations to make judgments. In Stages Four and Five, the nurse is able to see the big picture. These two stages define expertise. A nurse finding herself in these two stages could trigger an "Ahha experience". Hence, in the scenario, being able to extract from prior experiences highlighted my appreciation of the concept that nursing experience is crucial for the development of expertise skills."

Tags:situation, judgment, expertise, realization, concept

Abstract
The paper shows how education students should incorporate Bloom's Taxonomy and student learning processes into their lesson plans. The course created in this paper is for adult learners, but the processes and procedures used can also be used for any grade level. This paper itemizes and explains each of the steps in preparing a lesson plan, beginning with defining the topic, audience, and environment of the course, and ending with a listing of technologies to be used as learning adjuncts.

Table of Contents:
Topic
Audience
Environment
Course Objectives
Learning Process and Bloom's Taxonomy
Idea Map
Outline
Storyboard
Instructional Technology Usage
Resources

From the Paper
"The class which I am preparing this lesson plan for is "Coping with Separation," a part of the Operation READY (Resources for Education About Deployment and You) educational system for soldiers and their families. This course has been adapted by me to help soldiers and their family members to be able to recognize and deal with stress-related problems associated with deployments."

Tags:outline, idea, map, preparedness, storyboard

Abstract
Accountants and auditors prepare, analyze and verify financial reports crucial to all business and government organizations. Two of the major accounting specialties are public accounting and managerial accounting.
This paper discusses the differences between chartered public accountants (CPA) and chartered managerial accountants (CMA) including the clients they serve and the examinations they have to pass before becoming qualified. The paper also examines the differences in wage earnings and career opportunities.

From the Paper
"The professional designation of Certified Management Accountant (CMA) is achieved through the CMA Professional Program, a demanding training process in emerging business practices, which fosters management and leadership abilities, interpersonal and communication skills. CMAs are employed at all corporate levels, mostly in middle, senior and executive management positions which include but are not limited to: Chief Financial Officers (CFO), Controllers, treasurer, director of internal audit, chief accountant or cost accountant, director of taxation, managers or supervisors. Other CMAs are employed as accountants, auditors, analysts and consultants, with careers for management accounting professionals in all sectors of business and industry. (Rosenberg, pp.55-69.)"

Tags:AICPA

Abstract
This paper, while acknowledging the positive side of and the need for athletic scholarships, focuses on the negative aspect of athletic scholarships. Some of the negative aspects highlighted in the paper are that athletic scholarships provide an advantage to student athletes that are unfair to non-athletic students. With such a great emphasis on sports, many students feel inferior to athletes, even though they may participate in some other type of extracurricular activity. Furthermore, the paper argues that it is unfair for athletic students to receive all the perks and credits even though they are often absent from the classroom due to practice or competition. At the conclusion of the paper, it is suggested that, while athletic scholarships should be available to athletes, schools should make a greater effort to provide equal opportunities for all other students as well.

From the Paper
"As today's society focuses more and more on sports, the educational world is evolving to keep up with the pace. As a result, today's student athletes have even more opportunities and options available to them than they did just a decade ago. In addition to more scholarships in both high school and college education, student today are offered the opportunity to receive part of the credit required to graduate by actively participating in sports."

Tags:olympic, athletes, inferior, performance, skills, educational, support, financial, mental, college, talent

Abstract
It is the contention of this paper that the standardized SATs, intended as a tool to help predict a student's collegiate potential, fail to meet this objective. Instead, the exams often misrepresent or portray a potential student in a negative light because of the cultural bias of the test. The paper asserts that this is especially true for the African-American and Latino American population. Experts in the fields of education and social sciences are quoted, and data is presented that supports the author's contention. Other problems that are considered intrinsic to the SAT are also covered in this paper.

From the Paper
"Today's educational system supports tests such as the SAT's, which are often biased against minority students. The SAT's were developed by the Educational Testing Service as a means to predict successful collegiate performance. However, the tests in actuality seldom accurately predict the potential for a student's success. The SAT's have statistically in fact, been shown to have little value in predicting a student's future performance. They also negatively impact admissions representative's perceptions of a student's potential for academic success. The SAT's have also been shown to negatively impact minority groups, specifically African Americans, Hispanics and even low-income white students. The tests more accurately are a predictor of socioeconomic influences than a student's potential, and unwittingly favor middle and upper class students, who often have the opportunity to prepare and memorize for such tests, placing them at a disadvantage over their peers."

Tags:iq, tests, automatic, cultural, filter, ethnic, social, group, scores, cognitive, diversity, mel, levine

Abstract
This paper provides a thorough examination of training procedures for new employees and refresher courses for existing employees. It tackles issues such as the objective and need for training, types of trainees in different work conditions and provides examples of different training methods. The writer states the obvious advantages of having a well trained team for better production.

From the Paper
"Training has become the most important feature of a successful organization. The need of proper training was felt when the organizations started falling apart due to tiny mistakes of its employees. Training is necessary because it improves profitability and/ or more positive attitudes towards profit orientation. Enhances the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization. The work force gets a high morale. Due to proper training employees can identify with organizational goals, corporate image gets improved. Training fosters authenticity, openness and trust. A boss an the subordinates get to work in a better environment and relationship. Training aids in developing leadership skill, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes and other aspects that successful workers and managers usually display. The quality of work is also increased and so is the productivity. Its cost effective as well, it cuts costs in different areas e.g. production, personnel, administration etc. it develops a sense of responsibility to the organization for being competent and knowledgeable. Labor management is also improved, as workers instead of feeling ignored, feel taken care of which develops a sense of loyalty"

Tags:performance, development, environment, organization, management

Abstract
This paper provides an understanding of the importance of the acquisition of business knowledge in an academic environment in order to fulfill desired future career objectives in a defined specialty area of choice. The author illustrates how a foundation for growth and development can be achieved by participation in a successful business educational program.

From the Paper
"In order to fulfill many desired career goals, individuals are often required to obtain advanced degrees in reputable business programs that offer a well-rounded view of primary business units and the organization as a whole. Business school faculty educate students in concepts and terminology utilized in daily business practices, but they often fail to conceptualize the importance of each business unit as part of a whole. Unfortunately, faculty members are trained in specific areas and possess little knowledge of areas beyond their specialties; therefore, they are unable to provide students with the type of knowledge that will permit them to view the organization as a whole."

Tags:skills, MBA, finance, graduate, career

Abstract
This paper explains that, because students come with specific purposes for learning, one of the best ways to keep them motivated is to help them feel progress towards their goals, which are identified by interviewing informally the student. The author points out the importance of engaging ESL learners in communicative (game type) or integrative (short/small activities form larger activities) activities using materials, which are authentic, thereby, aiding the learners in unpredictable spoken language outside the class. The paper relates that students of English conversation must understand the fundamental difference between learning about the language and learning to use it for verbal communication.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Background Information of Interviewee
Report and Commentary on the Information Collected in the Conversation
What are Main Reasons for Learning English for ESL/EFL Learners in Japan?
What Stereotypes Take Place for a Foreign Teacher While Teaching ESL in Japan?
What are Key Features and Problems of ESL Learning in Japan and How can They Be Resolved by ESL Teachers to Achieve Best Results?
What Type of Class is more Desirable for ESL Students?
Does "Cultural Background" Play Any Role in Learning ESL in Japan?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The learner that I have interviewed generally has a strong first language model back at home in Japan. The interviewee had been in institution and educated at home from young till diploma level. Later, when he came to Australia with pursuing a degree in mind, he had a choice to either take an exam, TOFEL or take up a course with the duration of 3 months to learn English. This is because, his previous education did not meet the requirement of the university that he intended to enroll in. The requirement was that his previous education has to be taught in English for duration of more than 12 months."

Tags:goals, communicative, integrative, conversation, teacher

Abstract
This paper details the problems facing adults desiring to return to school and offers some solutions for the problems. The paper discusses reasons for the increase in adults returning to school that range from self-fulfillment to the desire for a better career.

From the Paper
"The dream of going to college becomes short-circuited for many people in today's world. Financial insufficiency, unexpected pregnancy, early marriage and other factors interrupting the educational process can cause some students not to even finish high school let alone go to college. In spite of these factors, however, the dream does not die for most people. It lies dormant in the midst of hope that someday, somehow the opportunity to continue the interrupted education will arise. Continuing one's education as an..."

Tags:adult education, continuing education, distance learning, online education

Abstract
This paper discusses the above article which recognizes that the pace of new developments, especially technological, requires employees to constantly develop their skills. The paper points out that cost can be a problem, especially the cost of the employee's time. The author feels that for the program to be effective, the individual characteristics of the organization need to be taken into account.

From the Paper
"The first good point made is that e-learning can be tailored to the organizations needs. The area that staff are trained in does not depend on the curriculum of a local college. Instead, the organization can determine what it wants employees to learn and how long it should take. The organization is not governed by class times. Instead, the organization can set any time for learning. This allows flexibility in both the time required and the content delivered. With this ability to tailor the material, the organization can make the best use of training time. Efficiency is important in all aspects of business, including training. E-learning makes training efficient by allowing the organization to train employees in the areas that are most important. As well as that, the flexibility means training time can be scheduled as it best suits the organization."

Tags:technology, skills, cost, time, organization