Abstract
This paper discusses the above article which recognizes that the pace of new developments, especially technological, requires employees to constantly develop their skills. The paper points out that cost can be a problem, especially the cost of the employee's time. The author feels that for the program to be effective, the individual characteristics of the organization need to be taken into account.

From the Paper
"The first good point made is that e-learning can be tailored to the organizations needs. The area that staff are trained in does not depend on the curriculum of a local college. Instead, the organization can determine what it wants employees to learn and how long it should take. The organization is not governed by class times. Instead, the organization can set any time for learning. This allows flexibility in both the time required and the content delivered. With this ability to tailor the material, the organization can make the best use of training time. Efficiency is important in all aspects of business, including training. E-learning makes training efficient by allowing the organization to train employees in the areas that are most important. As well as that, the flexibility means training time can be scheduled as it best suits the organization."

Tags:technology, skills, cost, time, organization

Abstract
This paper discuses the importance of visual arts in a school's curriculum and focuses on the benefits of introducing visual art in student's elementary education curriculum. This paper not only focuses on the importance of visual art experience through student's point of view but also through the teacher's perspective. This paper emphasizes on how the experience of art make a student a better and more responsible individual of a society.

From the Paper
"Till the eighteenth century the word art was broadly used in such a way that it reflected all forms of human skills and all the things which men were able to produce by skilled workmanship. Art is the imaginative and dexterous explication of experience in an aesthetic form, and throughout history it has played a crucial role in men's attempts to master and enjoy their surrounding and to liberate themselves."

Tags:school, education, painting

Abstract
This paper explains that multimedia holds great promise for improving the quality of education because multimedia provides the ability to illustrate ideas with visual, audio, text or any combination of media so learners can create new ways of communicating ideas. The author points out that concepts, which are difficult to explain, become clearer when they can be frozen on a videodisc and discussed; and children who have difficulty expressing ideas in writing now have a new way with which to communicate and to learn. The paper relates that multimedia allows users to be active learners, controlling access and manipulating vast quantities of information on the computer in a learning environment.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Usefulness of Multimedia in Educational Setting
Issues of Using Multimedia in Educational Setting
Effective Strategies
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Although multimedia seems to have great promise, it is necessary to critically evaluate what factors in particular make it successful and to investigate how it can be used most effectively with extension audiences. To date, preliminary research on the use of interactive multimedia curricula has revealed some important clues. Some research suggested that when a new concept is presented in multimedia, a single medium should explain the new concept. Studies have found repeatedly that text and auditory explanations presented simultaneously promoted significantly less learning than either text or auditory explanations alone. What it is explaining here is that multiple media all at once can be confusing to a learner. So, it is important to keep it simple, providing visual-based text and auditory explanations at different points in the curricula. At the same time, we should also keep in mind that the presentation should not have a gender-stereotyped theme."

Tags:manipulation, learner, teacher, medium, presentation

Abstract
Authentic assessment can be defined as any type of assessment that requires students to demonstrate skills and competencies in contexts that realistically represent problems and situations likely to be encountered in daily life. This paper first explores how authentic assessment has become a necessity in helping students to attain the skills to become active citizens in the information age before discussing its application in the everyday classroom.

From the Paper
"Authentic assessment can be defined as any type of assessment that requires students to demonstrate skills and competencies in contexts that realistically represent problems and situations likely to be encountered in daily life. Students are required to produce ideas, to integrate knowledge and to complete tasks that have real-world applications (Dwyer, 1999). This form of assessment provides teachers, parents, potential employers and the students themselves, with invaluable information regarding what a student can actually do, rather than merely documenting the level of their performance in comparison to their peers."

Tags:learning, real, rich, school, student, tasks, teacher, teaching, world

Abstract
This paper provides an exploration of curriculum in the classroom. It discusses how school-based curriculum development is one of the many tasks that school staff are now responsible for as a result of school- based management and how teachers' responsibility for curriculum decision-making is now extended beyond their own classrooms to whole school initiatives.

Outline
Defining Curriculum
The Teacher's Role in Curriculum Decision-Making
Factors Shaping Teachers' Curriculum Decision-Making Space
Impact of Recent National Trends on Curriculum Decision-Making
Proposed Interview Questions

From the Paper
"Outcomes-Based Education is a curriculum approach that inverts traditional planning, focussing on the outcomes stakeholders wish students to demonstrate as a result of their education (Brady, 1996). Once these desired outcomes have been identified, the challenge presented to schools, teachers, parents and students is to determine how they will ensure that these outcomes are achieved and demonstrated by all students. Lorenzen (1998, p.1) clarifies this process saying, "All curriculum and teaching decisions are made based on how best to facilitate the desired outcome." In this educational approach, the focus is no longer on what has been taught, but rather, what the students are able to demonstrate they have learnt."

Tags:education, learning, student, teacher

Abstract
This essay examines how the functionalist perspective can be applied to the social institution of education and discusses the social functions that play a positive role in society and the means by which this is achieved. The paper looks at the functions of education for society as a whole and the functional relationship between the education system and the social system as a whole.

From the Paper
"Education is important in society; the structure and processes of education systems are related to the general process of socialization (Van Krieken et al. 2000, p.191). Many sociologists may agree with this statement, but different sociologists have many views about how societies are structured and they have different views about the role of education in society. In all perspectives, schools are seen as social institutions, but these perspectives all have different ideas on how they socialize people and for what reasons. At first glance Marxist and Functionalist views seem very similar, this is because they are both social structuralist views, but Marxism is a conflict theory, and functionalism bases itself upon consensus, paying particular attention to the positive contribution that education makes to the overall maintenance of functioning of the social system. These very crucial differences mean that the two perspectives take on two different branches of the same tree."

Tags:capitalism, durkiem, perspective, school, society, sociology

Abstract
An exploration of the impact that the cultural and social backgrounds of students has upon the probability of a student experiencing success at school. The challenges that the cultural and social diversity of students poses to teaching and teachers is also explored.

From the Paper
Harris (1996) suggests that schools' institutionalized practices create educational advantages or disadvantages for students. It is predominantly students from low socio-economic backgrounds who choose or are channeled into the non-academic streams, thus limiting their chances of entry into tertiary education and ultimately professional careers. Hatton (1994) and Malin (Hatton, 1994) describe how schools can systematically disadvantage groups in society. Hatton reveals ways in which underprivileged families or those not from the middle class do not always comprehend their rights as parents in pursuing grievances. Malin states that intelligence and standardized academic achievement tests are culturally biased and she appeals for teachers' pedagogy to be more sensitive to cultural differences.

Tags:achievement, backgrounds, classroom, cultural, culture, difference, diversity, economic, learning, parents, pedagogy, schools, sensitive, social, socio, status, students, success, teachers, teaching

Abstract
This paper explores the changes that role of the teacher has undergone throughout history. It also assesses the new challenges that teachers today face in the light of new technology and current social and cultural issues.

From the Paper
Teaching is one of the world's oldest professions. It originated with the elders of the tribe explaining natural phenomena and the tribal customs to the young. Mass public education emerged in the 19th century. Teaching has under gone massive changes since that time. Today, society relies on teachers and educational institutions to provide the basis for a functioning society. Schools now have to plan and provide for a diversity of cultures and learning styles. Physical, social and emotional needs of students also need to be addressed. These accelerating social and cultural changes within the educational system continue to have a vast impact on the working lives on teachers.

Tags:ages, challenges, changes, changing, cultural, diversity, education, four, future, history, issues, learning, lives, parents, role, social, students, styles, system, teacher, teachers, teaching, today, working

Abstract
This paper analyzes school life both in Japan and Australia, taking a look at obvious cultural and social differences, but also inherent similarities between the two education systems.

From the Paper
" Education and school life throughout the world varies quite dramatically; from the subjects taught, to the methods of teaching and even what expectations are put on the students in general. Students within these two countries share similarities in lifestyle, however when it comes to school life, there is a considerable degree of difference."

Tags:comparison, cram, education, japanese, juku, learning, school, students, system

Abstract
This paper discusses how a great number of students with learning disabilities are at high risk for educational failure because they often have difficulty remembering materials covered in school and how their teachers can help these students improve their performance and their long term success through mnemonic instruction. It examines various studies on the topic and reviews relevant literature. It evaluates how the majority of research indicates that using basic phonetic instruction alone is insufficient, especially for students with learning disabilities. When basic skills are taught in conjunction with mnemonic strategies, memory improves because well established pictures in the memory bank to link new information and trigger a strong electrical impulse to help recall the new information. The research studies have consistently shown that mnemonic strategies can be taught to students of all ages and of all levels of learning disabilities. Studies have also shown that when students are taught mnemonics to help them study, they begin to use mnemonics on a regular basis and also begin to make up their own memorization techniques.

From the Paper
"The traditional theory of learning, which has been used in the past as a supplement to the mass schooling approach of the early 19th century, is that in order for a student to learn complex skills such as reading, he must first become adept at making sense of the smallest components of the language (for example letters) and then advancing to larger components (for example sounds, words, and sentences). Phonics supporters generally agree that by employing "the direct approach" in regards to instruction, as well as providing an undeviating focus on logical sequencing, students will effectively learn to identify words quickly and consistently, as well as improving their spelling, vocabulary, handwriting, listening, and thinking skills (Share and Stanovich, 1995)."

Tags:children, memory, bank, teachers, phonetic, language, skills