Abstract
This paper examines the latest economic data in the United States to examine whether the current situation can be called a recession and discusses what steps should be taken to prevent a recession.

From the Paper
"As with basically every other nation in the world, the United States has had it's share of recessions, the latest of which, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research, began in March of 2001 (Irons). This came after an expansion that lasted exactly 10 years, making it the longest expansion recorded by the NBER (Hall). Many questions can be posed concerning our current recession. For example, what exactly is a recession, what are its indicators, how has this one been affected by the events of September 11, and what can boost our current economy and prevent recessions in the future?"

Tags:9, 11, 2001, bureau, economic, economy, fiscal, monetary, national, policy, recession, research, september

Abstract
This paper studies the political, social, and economic factors that brought on the great depression in 1929 in the United States. It gives a historical overview of the situation before the outbreak of the great depression and the part that World War I played in causing it. The author feels that many people believe that the stock market crash of 1929 caused the great depression, but this is not true. He also finds that many people believed that President Roosevelt's New Deal ended the great depression, but this is also not completely factual. According to the author, historical facts show that the stock market crash was the beginning of the great depression but that political, social, and economic problems were the real causes. Also, historical evidence shows that The New Deal helped the recovery but that the United States' entry into World War II was the main reason that the great depression ended.

From the Paper
"This is one of the most famous songs of The Great Depression, a time beginning in 1929 and lasting until 1940. This was a time of unemployment, hardship, hunger, and despair. Many people believe that the stock market crash of 1929 caused the Great Depression, but this is not true. Many people also believe that President Roosevelt's New Deal ended the Great Depression, but this is also not completely factual. The historical facts show that the stock market crash was the beginning of the Great Depression but that political, social, and economic problems were the real causes. Also, historical evidence shows that The New Deal helped the recovery but that the United States entering into World War II was the main reason that the Great Depression ended."

Tags:1920s, 1930s, 1940s, deal, depression, education, history, income, inflation, jobs, market, money, paper, stock, term, unemployment, unions, work, Roosevelt, crash, political, social, economic

Abstract
This paper is an examination of the US health care system and how the current system costs too much, covers too little, and excludes too many.

From the Paper
"According to the group Physicians for a National Health Program, the battle to universalize health care has been going on since the turn of the twentieth century. During the early 1900's, the Progressive Era involved active reformers working to improve the social conditions for the working class. Since support for health insurance benefit programs were much more active in Europe, these countries have had much more rapid developments in health care over the past century (<www.pnhp.org>1). Thus, European health care systems have progressed to be more effective as well as more stable than those of the United States. In fact, currently, the United States of America is the only industrialized nation in the world, which does not provide all of its citizens with some form of health care (Wang 12). "

Tags:healthcare, hmo, states, united, universal, medicine, preventive, insurance, physician, health, medical, doctor

Abstract
The tragic events of September 11, 2001 will have many lasting effects on the United States. One sector that has been especially affected is the economy. This paper explores how, and why, this has occurred and predicts what we can expect of the economy in the future.

From the Paper
"One of its biggest effects, however, has been felt in the United States economy. The U.S. economy before September 11 was projected to grow at an annual rate of 1.7 percent in 2001. Americans were used to the private sector dominating the economy while the public sector's role dwindled. However, post-September 11, the pendulum has swung the other way. Because the United States faces the threat of more terrorist attacks on its own soil and sustained military action abroad, the public sector has to step in and control the economy. To put this into perspective, in the 1990s, the size of the military capital stock declined, while the amount of private business capital stock rose 31%. The S&P 5000 has grown by only 16% since its 52-week low."

Tags:911, airlines, business, casinos, gambling, gaming, market, stock

Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of September 11 tragedy on the economic conditions of the United States. The author examines how the economy, which had showed a dismal performance for three consecutive quarters before September, completely collapsed when the disaster struck as consumer spending decreased with lower purchasing power, investment and borrowing declined, all industries reported lower profits and there was an alarming increase in unemployment. The paper also briefly discusses the condition of the airline industry after the tragic events of 9/11.

From the paper:

"The United States economy had already been predicted to go into recession when the tragedy of September 11 struck and accelerated the downward spiral of economic conditions of our country. . The economy crumpled as many industries in the country were hit harshly by the attacks and the slow down finally took shape of recession. After three quarters of poor GDP growth, it was almost certain that the economy was heading towards recession but September 11th attacks only accelerated the negative process. The government has been unable to generate enough Consumer-spending despite several announcements of tax cuts, which are aimed at giving people more purchasing power. Money supply and demand in the market is insufficient to tempt businessmen to increase production."

Tags:consumer, cuts, federal, investment, low, recession, reserve, spending, tax, unemploymnet

Abstract
There are many factors that economic growth can effect on social well being. This paper examines these factors which include unemployment, pollution, national security, urban congestion, reduction in food availability, reduced welfare benifits and a growth in violence.

From the Paper
"Economic growth refers to the rate of growth over a set period, of goods and services, or a sustained increase in the real value of production. It can also be seen as the rate of growth per head in output, so, growth occurs when output is increasing faster than the population. If population growth is the soul reason of an increase in the output in the economy, then a real income per head can not be achieved. The rate of growth is not sufficient to improve the material well-being of the population. Growth is essential if economic welfare is to be increased; not in all cases will growth be sufficient to ensure this, as growth can be accompanied by deterioration in the environment and an increase in anxiety, violence, lawlessness, and welfare benefits may decline."

Tags:corporate, gdp, national, pollution, resouces, security, states, violence, welfare

Abstract
The paper shows that there are some important limitations of the real GDP concept as an indicator of improvements in the welfare of a society. The paper shows that the limitations of real GDP can be explored in three ways: (1) non-market productive activities are left out; (2) real GDP is not a welfare measure; and (3) inequality exists in the distribution of income.

From the Paper
"Real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is a measure of the value of all the goods and services newly produced in a country during some period of time, adjusted for inflation. Real GDP has been increasing in Australia since the 1990s. According to Taylor, Moosa & Cowling (100) in Macroeconomics, improvements in the welfare of individuals in any society cannot occur without such increases in real GDP. However, real GDP was never intended for this role. It is merely a gross tally of goods and services bought and sold, with no distinctions between transactions that add to welfare, and those that diminish it. Instead of separating costs from benefits, and productive activities from destructive ones, real GDP assumes that every monetary transaction adds to welfare. Real GDP is the most comprehensive measure of a nation's economic activity."

Tags:Child-rearing, surplus, production, income, distribution

Abstract
The essay examines the conditions in Thailand that led to effective devaluation of the Thai Baht in July of 1997 and the reasons for the "contagion" that affected other East Asian economies. The paper also includes a survey of the reforms undertaken by the Thai Government since the crisis.

Contents:
Introduction
Economic Growth before the Crisis
Macroeconomic Policy Mix before the Crisis
Financial Sector before the Crisis
Regulatory Weaknesses before the Crisis
Reasons for Contagion in Other Countries
Survey of Reforms
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The countries of East Asia have long been called the "Asian Tigers? due to growth rates averaging 8 per cent annually over the past two decades; large rises in per capita income, high domestic savings, low budget deficits and low inflation. However, it appears that the very success of high economic growth of these countries led foreign investors to underestimate the underlying economic weaknesses as the East Asian Financial crisis unfolded."

Tags:baht, contagion, government, policies, post, reform

Abstract
A discussion of how the economic questions of social issues are answered. Economic principles and application are also being reinforced through the issues examined. This paper explains the few ways in which these questions are answered. It discusses three distinct types of economies: a market economy, a command economy and a mixed economy. It also identifies the failure of market mechanisms and government failure. This study of different economic systems is relevant in understanding the social issues and related policies. Whether or not government should provide assistance to market where market failure exists. It also discusses the mixture of market mechanism and government intervention in most of the countries today such as Australia.

From the Paper
"Any economy is faced with three basic problems: what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce. Moreover, contemporary social issues are imperative and economics principles provide a basic analytical tool useful in understanding of social issues as well as solutions to solve these issues. Broadly speaking, free market economy and command economy are two alternative approaches to these questions. (Materano& Atkinson, 1996:33) There are large difference between the extreme of a pure market economy and a command economy. These two economy systems do not exist in their pure forms in reality. Market failure does occur in certain situations, which is a situation the market economy does not provide well enough answers to the "what, how and for whom " questions and there is a role for government to improve the situation. However, even in the case of market failure, the government may do worse than the market, which is called the government failure."

Tags:economics, principles, social, application, Australia, government, intervention, market

Abstract
An analysis of the current budget deficit and its causes--a slow economy, tremendous spending on the Iraq war and tax cuts. The paper also addresses the economic effect of a deficit on the economy and the desirable and adverse effects caused by a deficit. This essay concludes that spending would be more productive if directed to structural elements of the economy.

From the Paper
"Budget deficits occur when government expenditure is greater than revenue, forcing the government to borrow to meet its requirements. There are many potential economic effects of a deficit; the most apparent is an expansionary effect on the economy caused by injections of money being greater than withdrawals. Fiscal policy, among many other mechanisms is used to manipulate the economy. However, budget deficits should be used as to not adversely affect the economy. The federal budget deficit set the new record of $374 billion in 2003, doubling last year's efforts (Fram). The record deficit has been caused by the slow economy, tremendous spending on the Iraq war and tax cuts for the rich. This indicates that the great America does not know how to balance the checkbook, and certainly does not know how to spend wisely."

Tags:bush, debt, fiscal, iraq, monetary, spending, surplus, tax, tax, trade, war