Abstract
A report on ancient Egyptian jewelry. The author focuses on how the jewelry was crafted, specific styles of jewelry, and their symbolic meanings.

From the Paper
"Ancient Egypt is known for its awe-inspiring monuments, mysterious mythologies and legendary treasures. Its history is rich and complex, reaching far back into the beginnings of civilization and spanning thousands of years. Much of what we know about this ancient culture comes from the ancient artifacts it has left behind. Among these is the multitude of its beautiful jewels. What types of jewelry did the ancient Egyptians wear and how was it significant to them? How did they manage to create such incredibly intricate and unique jewelry? "

Tags:craft, art, composition, meaning, symbolism, symbolic, symbol

Abstract
This paper describes Raphael's famous painting "Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints." The paper provides a history of the painting. The author analyzes its composition and colors as well as the conservative style of the painting and its classical details.

From the Paper
"Rafaello Sanzio, known as Raphael, painted the "Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints" early in his career The painting was an altarpiece executed for the small Franciscan convent of Saint Antonio de Padova in Perugia and hung in the part of the church reserved for the worship of nuns. (Metropolitan Museum of Art) Also known as the Colonna Madonna or Altarpiece, a reference to Raphael's patrons, the powerful Colonna family the work consists of two main sections..."

Tags:Raphael, Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the one particular sculpture by the ancient Greek master, Praxiteles. The paper includes illustrations.

From the Paper
"The entire beauty of the earth has been preserved by the many forgeries that attempted to capture the genius of Praxiteles. He set the standard for later depictions of the goddess. Roman copies are often criticized for not portraying the form's magnificent presence. The classical Greek sculpture, Aphrodite of Knidios, changed the way women were denoted in future artworks. The visual representation of the goddess of love and beauty provided the ancient world with a positive view of female sexuality."

Tags:art, greek, praxiteles

Abstract
This paper analyzes the city structures of the Roman empire. The author gives a detailed explanation of the structure and functions of the roads, forums, aqueducts and baths that were used for social, religious and commercial activities.

From the Paper
"The discipline of engineering was very close to that of architecture in the Roman World. Roman architecture was a social art that gave the people of the Roman Empire benefits that no community had ever achieved before. Innovative city planning in the Roman Empire excelled in the creation of roads, forums, aqueducts and baths."

Tags:architecture, etruscan, roman, town, trajan, military, structure, society, empire

Abstract
This paper describes observation of a child under the age of one, focusing on motor development, cognitive adaptive abilities, language, social-emotional behavior, and temperament. Includes in depth charts on assessing each of these categories. Compiles the works of Thomas Chess and Birch, Piaget, the Bayley Scale of Infant Development, Denver Developmental Screening Test.

Tags:bayley, chess, cognitive, denver, emotional, language, motor, piaget, social

Abstract
In this article, the writer provides an informative description of mustard gas as a weapon of war. The paper looks at when and where it was used during the First World War and then discusses its effectiveness. The writer then goes on to discuss, in a similar manner, the numerous occasions that mustard gas has been used post-World War One.

Outline:
Mustard Gas in the First World War
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est (1917)
Uses after the First World War

From the Paper
""The First World War saw Mustard Gas seen in the largest scale and in the most famous example as a weapon of war. Although during this conflict more lethal gases had been used as weapons previous to the use of Mustard Gas, (such as chlorine) these gases did not have the dermatological affect that Mustard gas has. It was for this reason that gas masks issued to most soldiers on the Western Front during World War One were of little use in countering the effects of the gas and hence it was also for this reason that Mustard Gas was such an effective weapon."

Tags:gas, sulfur, mustard, blister, agent, chemical, warfare, biological

Abstract
This paper defines performance appraisal and comments on its value to any organization. Various methods of performance appraisal are described in detail and common errors made by appraisers are also discussed.

From the paper:

?In an increasingly competitive global market place, organizations are dedicated to continual individual and organisational improvement. Performance appraisal is considered to be an important tool in accomplishing this improvement. In a study conducted by the American Productivity and Quality Center and Linkage Incorporated several organizations declined to participate in performance appraisal research as they believed their performance appraisal system to be a source of competitive advantage. One executive compared the revealing of his organization?s performance management strategies to Coca-Cola supplying their recipe.?

Tags:human, management, resource, organization, research, behavior

Abstract
The author feels that the Crayola' website, which has hundreds of lessons plans for all age groups, can be used almost exclusively as a source of lesson plans, ranging from science to pop art to multicultural and classical art styles. The paper describes the "Abstract Animals" lesson, very fitting for third graders, which teaches kids how to use simple shapes and colors to draw animals and other objects after the style of more modern representational artists. The author uses this lesson plan within a comprehensive interdisciplinary art curriculum that teaches about the relevance of art within its social and historical setting.

From the Paper
"The third section is called "Directions," and for a change is precisely what it claims to be. The directions for this lesson are, in short, to show the children images of various animals and forms and to use tracing paper to draw simple geometric shapes over the forms. (For example, an elephant's head would be a circle with two large ovals for the ears and a long thin oval for the trunk.) Subsequently these designs are redrawn with marker on construction paper and colored in with chalk."

Tags:age, benefits, directions, modern, representational

Abstract
This paper relates that epidemiology studies can be classified as either observational or experimental. The paper then lists the types of studies that make up observational studies as well as the types of studies that make up experimental studies. The paper then goes on to describe the most common types of studies used in epidemiological studies such as cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and case-control studies.

From the Paper
"Cross-sectional studies are typically descriptive, and because they are quick and cost efficient, are used to measure the prevalence of a disease and assess the health of populations. They are used in studying rare exposures and rare diseases as it is convenient for measuring several exposures at once for trying to find the association between the risk factor and disease outcome. A cross-sectional study begins by choosing individuals to participate and then collecting data from primary sources, such as surveys, or secondary sources, such as medical records. When measuring risk factor and disease outcome, it is never easy to find "possible causative association" because exposure and effect are measured at the same time. It is for this reason that it remains unknown to whether disease or exposure came first and so an association between the both may remain uncertain. Also bias can occur which can alter the true values. "

Tags:cohort, cross-sectional, trials, case, control, observational

Abstract
This paper describes land art and its attachment to minimalism. It analyzes it through three prominent land artists: Robert Smithson, Michael Hiezer, and Richard Long. It also discusses each artist's relationship with the land and the differences in how they approach their art.

From the Paper
"Minimal art soon ceased to be simply a presentation of simple unitary forms, standing alone or arranged in series. It began to look for an existence outside the art gallery. However minimal works do not exist comfortably in the urban spaces generally assigned to the public sculpture. The result of this was the birth of what came to be known as Land Art. Robert Smithson is one of the best known attributers to this
period. His work is huge in size and workload. His works cannot be viewed by the public and so he has a reliance on the records of his work. This is similar to Michael Heizer whose work also depends on this record. Richard Long, differently to Smithson and Hiezer, brings the environment into the gallery for all to see and creates spiritual works. All three of these artists bring their own individual qualities into the movement of Land art."

Tags:Spiral, Jetty, Nevada, Depressions, formalism