Abstract
This is a paper that looks at prostitution from various perspectives namely historical, biological, psychological, socio-cultural, cross-cultural and multiple perspective, the latter being a combination of all the other perspectives.

From the Paper
"Prostitution is often called the world's oldest profession, and with good reason. It has been in existence as far back as the ancient Mesopotamia era where there was temple prostitution. Also, there was ecclesiastical prostitution and lay prostitution during the Middle Ages. In the American West, brothels with their madams and harlots were very much a part of this era and the brothels were frequented by cowboys, miners, small merchants and even town preachers!"

Tags:human, perspectives, psychology, sex, sexuality

Abstract
This paper examines the role of the Italian mafia as a business like any other, and its long history in the United States. The author discuses how the mafia's illegal and legal enterprises help propel our capitalist society, and how their ties with major labor unions enable them to dominate major industries. The paper also looks at how the Italian mafia works with other ethnic crime organizations, such as the Russian mafia, and Colombian drug cartels.

From the Paper
"The mafia is a loose term in our country, as we as Americans are fascinated by the mysteriousness of it. Movies, books, plays, and now even a television series have been made depicting different real life stories regarding the mafia. The television show The Sopranos gives a great rendition about life in New Jersey as a mobster. This show allows viewers to see both sides of the story when thinking about gangsters. One is able to see their ruthless side in some situations, and then also the way they conduct business. Much of the business they conduct is with people who know what situation they are in, and are willing to accept the terms, based on a mutual agreement. In recent years, there have been several cases where a mafia member would go against their former family in order to lighten their jail sentence, breaking their code of conduct known as Omerta. The United States is a capitalist and free market society. The mafia helps in the expansion and existence of this capitalist society by their influences in legal and illegal businesses, with the help of political parties and leaders that are best placed to help them."

Tags:crimes, drugs, gambling, government, labor, laundering, loan, sharking, mob, money, organized, politicians, pornography, prostitution, unions

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the novel by Mario Puzo, "The Godfather" on which the 1972 film of the same name was based. Parallels are drawn between Mafia life and aspects of family life and politics in the non-Mafia world through an examination of character, setting and themes in the novel.

From the Paper
"Today, with the popularity of "The Sopranos" on HBO and the widespread regard given to the film version of "The Godfather," it is important to go back and review the actual text the film "The Godfather" was based on. The 1969 book The Godfather, by Mario Puzo, illustrates persuasively to the reader that the Mafia is not simply about crime, murder, and corruption. Rather the Mafia is an organization that has parallels with other aspects of family and political life. By understanding these parallels and the complexities of the characters described in the novel, the reader gradually comes to an uncomfortable awareness about the tensions and the difficulties in his or her own, non-Mafia family and political world."

Tags:Corleone, power, money, Mafioso, drugs, gambling, corruption, gang

Abstract
This paper discusses the trafficking of women, the use of force and deception to transfer women into situations of extreme exploitation especially sexual exploitation: Women forced to dance nude, perform as sex slaves, held as indentured servants, perform acts of prostitution. The paper points out that the trafficking of women and children for sex and labor is prevalent in all regions of the United States and around the globe. The author feels that the most effective way to tackle trafficking is at the grass roots level, strengthening local economies and educating women and their families about the dangers of enslavement.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Trends
Theoretical Explanation
Merton's Anomie
Radical Theory
Routine Activity Theory
Viewpoint
Recommendations
Comprehensive Preventive Measures
Penal Legislation
Proactive Victim Support
Cooperative International Policies
Better Document Control
Targeted Public Education
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Robert Merton's anomie theory explains crime in terms of inequity between culturally approved goals and the means to achieve those goals. The lure of trafficking women is like the lure of trafficking drugs: Easy money and the fulfillment of financial goals. Clearly, traffickers of women do not have equal access or legitimate means of obtaining society's bounty. Since this is an individualist theory, the trafficker does not blame society; rather he blames himself for his shortcomings."

Tags:east, europe, asia, theories, recommendations

Abstract
This paper discusses some of the attributes of the criminal group, the Hell's Angles. It discusses the organizational history of the motorcycle gang, as well as their structure and members. It then goes on to describe their criminal history and their more current activities. The paper also describes law enforcement strategies with regards to the Hell's Angles.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of the Hells Angels
Structure
Participants
Activities
Law Enforcement Strategies
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Motorcycle gangs are known to have formed after WWII. Motorcycles were cheap in the 1940's, and former military personnel formed up on weekends riding and partying together. Two of the first such fraternities were the Pissed Off Bastards and the Booze Fighters, groups that established early the notoriety of the outlaw biker image. In 1947, at an American Motorcycle Association convention in the drowsy town of Hollister, Calif., the Pissed Off Bastards rode in drunk, wild and destructive, landing as if behind enemy lines with a belly full of TNT. (Jamison, 2000)."

Tags:drugs, prostitution, enforcement

Abstract
This paper discusses how the existing stereotype of a white-collar offender as a high-ranking executive may be flawed. The demographics of white-collar offenders suggest most of them are middle-class white males. It looks at the theories as to why such people would commit these crimes and explains that most theories center on the rational-choice decision making process because of the protracted and diligent nature of white-collar crimes. It further discusses how, within the white-collar inmate community, there also appear to be two separate pathways to white-collar crime: one marked by previous run-ins with the law before turning to white-collar crime, and the other one marked by no run-ins with the law.

From the Paper
"White-collar crime has gained increased notoriety in recent years with the downfall of Enron, WorldCom, and insider trading by Martha Stewart. Despite its increased awareness in the public, its etiology is not well known. One of the main reasons for criminologists' naivete regarding white-collar crime is the lack of scientific research on the topic. The relative lack of data arises from an array of political, sociological, penological, and funding issues. The data that is available to researchers indicates that the existing stereotype of white-collar crime offenders is flawed."

Tags:data, crime, white, male

Abstract
The paper contends that any solution that hopes to revise the American criminal justice system must address five issues. The paper details these issues: A lack of racial parity in criminal justice, a lack of socio-economic parity, overcrowding in the courts, overcrowding in the prisons and the rehabilitation of the thousands of prisoners when they are released.

From the Paper
"That the criminal justice system in the United States is biased is beyond dispute. Statistics abound that all confirm the same thing; if you are white and wealthy in the US, the odds that you will end up in jail are remarkably slim. Felony convictions send a disproportionately high number of African American and Hispanic men to prison, while their Caucasian counterparts remain free. The reasons behind this phenomenon are many - too many to be listed in this brief overview."

Tags:criminal justice system, crime and punishment, recidivism, racial profiling, selective policing

Abstract
In this paper the author analyzes and examines organized crime. The history of organized crime in the United States is discussed; the distinguishing characteristics of organized crime groups are examined and reviewed; the tensions between federal, international, and state laws in fighting organized crime are discussed; the supply of illicit drugs into the United States is examined and finally, the paper concludes with recommendations for battling organized crime.

From the paper:

?Organized crime poses severe threats to international and national security, particularly as the economy becomes increasingly global. Such threats present new conflicts that will require innovative strategies in the future. Cooperation among global organized crime groups has increased as restrictions have lessened between international borders.?

Tags:corruption, law, legal, extortion, gambling, loan-sharking, pornography, bootlegging, drugs, protection, prostitution, syndicate, prohibition, al, capone, wickersham, commission, lucky, luciano, murder, gangland, mafia, rackets, tongs, triads, la, cosa, nostra, yakuza, big, circle, boy

Abstract
This paper begins by defining what cyber terrorism is and a brief history since its appearance on the net. It then examines several examples of cyber terrorism and the unique harm done by each of these forms. Examples given are virus spreading, murder, propaganda and data dibbling. The writer finally examines the major players in the game of cyber terrorism and terrorist groups that are active in this crime.

From the Paper
"The FBI defines terrorism as the illegitimate use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Cyber-terrorism can be the use of computing assets to threaten or force others. An example of cyber-terrorism could be hacking into a hospital computer system and changing someone's medicine prescription to a lethal dosage as an act of vengeance. It sounds far fetched, but these things can and do occur. Cyber terrorism has also been defined as "the use of computing resources against persons or property to intimidate or compel a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives."1."

Tags:computer, internet, virus, hacker, information, trojan, horse, terrorist, privacy, hate, groups, crime, terror

Abstract
This paper discusses the The Witness Security Program (WITSEC) which was created in the 1970s to protect, relocate, and provide new identities to witnesses of dangerous crimes. It examines how witness protection is one of the most useful and effective law enforcement tools that can be used in the fight against crime and in particular organized crime. It provides a definition of who is eligible for protection and the requirements to enter the program.

Outline:
History of Organized Crime in the U.S. (1850-1950)
History of Organized Crime in the U.S. (1950-Present)
The Witness Protection Program
Eligibility and Requirements for Induction into the Witness Protection Program
Witness Protection Programs in the World
Successes of the Witness Protection Program
The Downside of the Witness Protection Program
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Many countries around the world have a witness protection program. In most cases, the witnesses are for drug, International Criminal Tribunal cases and criminal related charges. United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands are some of the countries that have a witness protection program. The United States, Canada and Australia have legislature for formal protection programs and dedicated officials who are involved in the program. In the United Kingdom, however, the local police are charged with the protection of the witnesses. The police rely on trained officers to provide witness ad hoc support. In Germany, there are no specific legal provisions to protect witnesses against organized crime."

Tags:drugs, law, enforcement